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中英美3国中学化学教材难度比较研究——原电池

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化学教育（中英文） 2024年第3期45卷 19-24页

作者：童敏樊敏四川师范大学化学与材料科学学院四川成都610066

基于闫春更等人建立的“二维度四指标”教材难度评价模型,选取中、英、美3国现行高中教材为研究对象,就“原电池”内容的教材难度进行了测评与比较。研究发现在教材组织层面上,英版教材难度最小,中版教材难度较大;在内容表征层面上,中... 详细信息

基于闫春更等人建立的“二维度四指标”教材难度评价模型,选取中、英、美3国现行高中教材为研究对象,就“原电池”内容的教材难度进行了测评与比较。研究发现在教材组织层面上,英版教材难度最小,中版教材难度较大;在内容表征层面上,中版教材难度最小,英版教材难度最大。并提出强化多重表征、渗透“电动势”相关概念等建议,为我国教材编写和课堂教学提供参考。

关键词：化学教材原电池难度比较

Cerebral small vessel disease modifies outcomes after minimally invasive surgery for intracerebral haemorrhage

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第4期9卷 446-456,I0147页

作者： Yunke Li Sung-min Cho Radhika Avadhani Hassan Ali Yi Hao Santosh B Murthy Joshua N Goldstein fan Xia Xin Hu Natalie L Ullman Issam Awad Daniel Hanley Wendy C Ziai The George Institute for Global Health BeijingChina Department of Neurology Division of Neurocritical CareJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Neurology Division of Brain Injury OutcomesJohns Hopkins Medical Institutions CampusBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Neurology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurosurgery West China Hospital of MedicineChengduSichuanChina Department of Neurosurgery University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA

Background minimally invasive surgery(MIS)for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)is controversial but may be beneficial if end-of-treatment(EOT)haematoma volume is reduced to≤15 *** explored whether MRI findings of cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)modify the effect of MIS on long-term *** Prespecified blinded subgroup analysis of 288 subjects with qualified imaging sequences from the phase 3 minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Alteplase for Intracerebral Haemorrhage Evacuation(MISTIE)*** tested for heterogeneity in the effects of MIS and MIS+EOT volume≤15 mL on the trial’s primary outcome of good versus poor function at 1 year by the presence of single CSVD features and CSVD scores using multivariable *** Of 499 patients enrolled in MISTIE III,288 patients had MRI,149(51.7%)randomised to MIS and 139(48.3%)to standard medical care(SMC).Median(IQR)ICH volume was 42(30–53)*** the full MRI cohort,there was no statistically significant heterogeneity in the effects of MIS versus SMC on 1-year outcomes by any specific CSVD feature or by CSVD scores(all P_(interaction)>0.05).In 94 MIS patients with EOT ICH volume≤15 mL,significant reduction in odds of poor outcome was found with cerebral amyloid angiopathy score<2(OR,0.14(0.05–0.42);P_(interaction)=0.006),absence of lacunes(OR,0.37(0.18–0.80);P_(interaction)=0.02)and absence of severe white matter hyperintensities(WMHs)(OR,0.22(0.08–0.58);P_(interaction)=0.03).Conclusions Following successful haematoma reduction by MIS,we found significantly lower odds of poor functional outcome with lower total burden of CSVD in addition to absence of lacunes and severe *** features may have utility for prognostication and patient selection in clinical trials of MIS.

关键词： Surgery surgery absence

Establishment of human cerebral organoid systems to model early neural development and assess the central neurotoxicity of environmental toxins

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 242-252页

作者： Daiyu Hu Yuanqing Cao Chenglin Cai Guangming Wang min Zhou Luying Peng Yantao fan Qiong Lai Zhengliang Gao Fundamental Research Center Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital(Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Geriatrics(Shanghai University) Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University(The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong)Shanghai University School of MedicineNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair Shanghai University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias Ministry of EducationShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant *** address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and *** enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid *** involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid *** cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology *** a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental *** organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature *** exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic *** convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.

关键词： cadmium cell death cell proliferation cortical development environmental toxins neural progenitor cells neurogenesis neurotoxicology organoids stem cells

Reproducibility study of intravoxel incoherent motion and apparent diffusion coefficient parameters in normal pancreas

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2031-2039页

作者： Xiang Liu Yi-Feng Wang Xiao-Hui Qi Zhi-Lei Zhang Jiang-Yang Pan Xue-Li fan Yu Du Ying-min Zhai Qi Wang Department of CT and MRI The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000Hebei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The consistency of pancreatic apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values and intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)parameter values across different magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)devices significantly impacts the patient’s diagnosis and *** To explore consistency in image quality,ADC values,and IVIM parameter values among different MRI devices in pancreatic *** This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee,and informed consent was obtained from all *** total,22 healthy volunteers(10 males and 12 females)aged 24-61 years(mean,28.9±2.3 years)underwent pancreatic diffusion-weighted imaging using 3.0T MRI equipment from three *** independent observers subjectively scored image quality and measured the pancreas’s overall ADC values and signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs).Subsequently,regions of interest(ROIs)were delineated for the IVIM parameters(true diffusion coefficient,pseudo-diffusion coefficient,and perfusion fraction)using post-processing *** ROIs were on the head,body,and tail of the *** subjective image ratings were assessed using the kappa consistency *** correlation coefficients(ICCs)and mixed linear models were used to evaluate each device’s quantitative parameter ***,a pairwise analysis of IVIM parameter values across each device was performed using Bland-Altman *** The Kappa value for the subjective ratings of the different observers was 0.776(P0.05),and the ICCs for the ADC values from different devices were 0.870,0.707,and 0.808,respectively(P<0.05).Notably,only a few statistically significant inter-device agreements were observed for different IVIM parameters,and among t

关键词： Intravoxel incoherent motion Pancreas Image quality Consistency test

Adrenaline in pulp capping treatment of reversible pulpitis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第22期12卷 5024-5031页

作者： Si-Yun Yang Jin-Zhu Wang Hao fan min Chen Department of Stomatology Anhui Jieshou People's HospitalFuyang 236500Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Stomatology Jiangsu Yancheng Maternal and Child Health HospitalYancheng 224000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis is not *** To explore the role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible *** A total of 100 patients with reversible pulpitis who were treated in Anhui Jieshou People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were included in the *** were categorized into an observation group(n=50;treatment with adrenaline)and a control group(n=50;treatment with zinc oxide eugenol paste).The 24-h postoperative pain,regression time of gingival congestion and redness,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the *** were further categorized into the ineffective and effective treatment groups based on clinical *** multiple regression analysis explored factors affecting the efficacy of pulp capping *** A significant difference in 24-h postoperative pain was observed between the groups(P0.05).The proportion of adrenaline usage was lower(P<0.05)and that of anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and Fusobacterium nucleatum was higher in the ineffective treatment group than in the effective treatment group(P<0.05).Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed adrenaline as a protective factor(P<0.05)and anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and *** as risk factors for pulp capping in

关键词： Adrenaline Reversible pulpitis Pulp capping Efficacy Safety

Targeting GPR65 alleviates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by suppressing the JNK and NF-κB pathways

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Military Medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 500-520页

作者： Kun Zhang Meng-Xia Zhang Xiao-Xiang Meng Jing Zhu Jia-Jun Wang Yi-fan He Ye-Hua Li Si-Cong Zhao Zhe-min Shi Li-Na Zheng Tao Han Wei Hong Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070China Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Tianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Union Medical Center Affiliated to Nankai UniversityTianjin 300000China

Background:G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs)are recognized as attractive targets for drug ***,it remains poorly understood how GPCRs,except for a few chemokine receptors,regulate the progression of liver ***,we aimed to reveal the role of GPR65,a proton-sensing receptor,in liver fibrosis and to elucidate the underlying ***:The expression level of GPR65 was evaluated in both human and mouse fibrotic ***,Gpr65-deficient mice were treated with either bile duct ligation(BDL)for 21 d or carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)for 8 weeks to investigate the role of GPR65 in liver fibrosis.A combination of experimental approaches,including Western blotting,quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),confocal microscopy and rescue studies,were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of GPR65’s action in liver ***,the therapeutic potential of GPR65 inhibitor in the development of liver fibrosis was ***:We found that hepatic macrophage(HM)-enriched GPR65 was upregulated in both human and mouse fibrotic ***,knockout of Gpr65 significantly alleviated BDL-and CCl4-induced liver inflammation,injury and fibrosis in vivo,and mouse bone marrow transplantation(BMT)experiments further demonstrated that the protective effect of Gpr65knockout is primarily mediated by bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMMs).Additionally,in vitro data demonstrated that Gpr65 silencing and GPR65 antagonist inhibited,while GPR65 overexpression and application of GPR65 endogenous and exogenous agonists enhanced the expression and release of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),all of which subsequently promoted the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and the damage of hepatocytes(HCs).Mechanistically,GPR65 overexpression,the acidic pH and GPR65 exogenous agonist induced up-regulation of

关键词： GPR65 Hepatic fibrosis Hepatic macrophages Inflammation c-Jun N-terminal kinase Nuclear factorκB

Novel berberine derivatives as adjuvants in the battle against Acinetobacter baumannii: A promising strategy for combating multi-drug resistance

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 334-340页

作者： Liping Zhao Xixi Guo Zhimeng Zhang Xi Lu Qingxuan Zeng Tianyun fan Xintong Zhang Fenbei Chen Mengyi Xu min Yuan Zhenjun Li Jiandong Jiang Jing Pang Xuefu You Yanxiang Wang Danqing Song Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseaseNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

The development of resistance against most of the available antibiotics has made Acinetobacter baumannii(***)a pathogen of high *** this study,thirty novel berberine derivatives are rationally designed,synthesized,and evaluated for their synergistic antibacterial activities against *** them,compound 2d shows the most potent synergetic effect to aztreonam against ***,including carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrumβ-lactamases-producing ***,synergistic effects were observed for the combinations of 2d and different antibacterial used in clinical practices,indicating its potent broad-spectrum antibiotic-sensitizing effects against *** combination of 2d and aztreonam significantly improves the survival rates of *** larvae compared with aztreonam treatment *** studies indicate that 2d inhibits the drug efflux and iron acquisition of the bacteria by targeting the AdeB transporter protein,thus achieving a synergistic antimicrobial efficacy with different antibacterial ***,berberine derivatives represent a new family of antimicrobial adjuvants against ***,with the advantage of dual-function antibacterial effect,and are worthy of further investigation.

关键词： Acinetobacter baumannii Berberine derivatives Rational design Synergistic effect Eflux Ironacquisition

Deciphering the population structure and genetic basis of growth traits from whole-genome resequencing of the leopard coral grouper(Plectropomus leopardus)

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 329-340页

作者： Shao-Xuan Wu Qi-fan Zeng Wen-Tao Han Meng-Ya Wang Hui Ding ming-Xuan Teng ming-Yi Wang Pei-Yu Li Xin Gao Zhen-min Bao Bo Wang Jing-Jie Hu MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding College of Marine Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan ProvinceSanya Oceanographic InstitutionOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong/SanyaHainan 266100/572025China Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory SanyaHainan 572025China Southern Marine Science and Engineer Guangdong Laboratory GuangzhouGuangdong 511458China

The leopard coral grouper(Plectropomus leopardus)is a species of significant economic *** artificial cultivation of *** has thrived in recent decades,the advancement of selective breeding has been hindered by the lack of comprehensive population genomic *** this study,we identified over 8.73 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)through whole-genome resequencing of 326 individuals spanning six distinct ***,we categorized 226 individuals with high-coverage sequencing depth(≥14×)into eight clusters based on their genetic profiles and phylogenetic ***,four of these clusters exhibited pronounced genetic differentiation compared with the other *** identify potentially advantageous loci for ***,we examined genomic regions exhibiting selective sweeps by analyzing the nucleotide diversity(θπ)and fixation index(FST)in these four *** these high-coverage resequencing data,we successfully constructed the first haplotype reference panel specific to *** achievement holds promise for enabling high-quality,***,we combined low-coverage sequencing data with imputation techniques for a genome-wide association study,aiming to identify candidate SNP loci and genes associated with growth traits.A significant concentration of these genes was observed on chromosome 17,which is primarily involved in skeletal muscle and embryonic development and cell ***,our detailed investigation of growth-related SNPs across the eight clusters revealed that cluster 5 harbored the most promising candidate SNPs,showing potential for genetic selective breeding *** findings provide a robust toolkit and valuable insights into the management of germplasm resources and genome-driven breeding initiatives targeting ***.

关键词： Plectropomus leopardus Whole-genome resequencing Growth Haplotype reference panel Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Network Pharmacology-Based Dissection of the Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection for the Treatment of Heart Failure

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 75-82页

作者： Yu-Xi Huang Jing-Jing fan Lu-Lu Xu Rong Yu Yi Kuang Yue Chai Rui Zheng Xiao-Yu Zhang Hong-Cai Shang Xue Qiao min Ye State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of ministry of Education Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center Peking UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of ministry of Education Peking UniversityBeijingChina

Objective:Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection(YQFM),a Chinese medicine injection,has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases,especially heart failure(HF).However,bioactive compounds and underlying mechanisms of YQFM in treating HF remain poorly *** and Methods:Network pharmacology was employed to investigate the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of YQFM.A compound-target network was constructed to screen bioactive compounds based on contribution index ***,an adriamycin-induced HF rat model was established to evaluate the cardio-protective effects of YQFM by hematoxylin and eosin staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent ***:Network pharmacology indicated that YQFM may alleviate HF through 36 compounds and 109 ***,ginsenosides Rb1,Rg1,Re,Rf,Rb2,Rh1,schisandrin,and ginsenoside Rc were indicated as the top contributors of YQFM in treating *** was predicted to act on multiple targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor A,interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-6,and IL-1β,as well as to regulate signaling pathways such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1,tumor necrosis factor,VEGF,and *** pharmacological study suggested that YQFM could attenuate cardiac injury and up-regulate plasma concentrations of VEGFR-1 and NO in HF *** Rb1,as the major contributor from network pharmacology analysis,also showed a cardioprotective effect and up-regulation of VEGFR-1 in ***:Ginsenosides and schisandrin were predicted as the most important contributors to the cardioprotective effect of *** Rb1 was proved to alleviate HF and increase the plasma concentration of VEGFR-1.

关键词： Contribution index heart failure network pharmacology traditional Chinese medicine yiqi fumai lyophilized injection