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The anatomical,electrophysiological and histological observations of muscle contraction units in rabbits:a new perspective on nerve injury and regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 228-232页

作者： Ting-Min Xu Bo Chen zong-xue jin Xiao-Feng Yin Pei-Xun Zhang Bao-Guo Jiang Department of Trauma and Orthopedics Peking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration(Peking University) Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Trauma Center Peking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina National Trauma Medical Center BeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Peking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina

In the conventional view a muscle is composed of intermediate structures before its further division into microscopic muscle *** experiments in mice have confirmed this intermediate structure is composed of the lamella cluster formed by motor endplates,the innervating nerve branches and the corresponding muscle fibers,which can be viewed as an independent structural and functional *** this study,we verified the presence of these muscle construction units in *** results showed that the muscular branch of the femoral nerve sent out 4–6 nerve branches into the quadriceps and the tibial nerve sent out 4–7 nerve branches into the *** each nerve branch of the femoral nerve was stimulated from the most lateral to the medial,the contraction of the lateral muscle,intermediate muscle and medial muscle of the quadriceps could be induced by electrically stimulating at least one nerve *** stimulating each nerve branch of the tibial nerve from the lateral to the medial,the muscle contraction of the lateral muscle 1,lateral muscle 2,lateral muscle 3 and medial muscle of the gastrocnemius could be induced by electrically stimulating at least one nerve *** stimulation of each nerve branch resulted in different electromyographical waves recorded in different muscle ***-eosin staining showed most of the nerve branches around the neuromuscular junctions consisted of one individual neural tract,a few consisted of two or more neural *** muscles of the lower limb in the rabbit can be subdivided into different muscle subgroups,each innervated by different nerve branches,thereby allowing much more complex muscle activities than traditionally ***,the nerve branches and the innervated muscle subgroups can be viewed as an independent structural and functional *** study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital(approval No.2019 PHE027)on October 20,2019.

关键词： anatomy electrophysiology femoral nerve hematoxylin-eosin staining gastrocnemius motor endplate muscle contraction unit peripheral nerve quadriceps rabbit skeletal muscle tibial nerve

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Observation of acoustic hybrid topological phases induced by the p-d orbital interactions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 128-135页

作者： Xiao Xiang Feng Gao Yu-Gui Peng Peng Wu zong-Lin Li xue-Feng Zhu School of Physics and Innovation Institute Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

In spinless systems,growing attention has recently been attracted to synthetic gauge fields,which redefine the fundamental crystal symmetries by utilizing the projective algebraic ***,synthetic gauge fields have been commonly investigated in single orbital systems,and explorations on hybrid orbitals remain elusive in ***,we report the experimental observation of hybrid topological phases induced by hybrid synthetic gauge flux,which is formed by the interaction between p and d orbitals embedded in acoustic *** breaking the translation symmetries of L_(x) and/or L_(y),we unambiguously demonstrate the first-order Möbius edge states and higher-order corner *** work establishes a platform for seeking exotic topological phases induced by hybrid-orbitals interactions and initializing the framework of hybrid-orbitalsrelated topological *** applications can be anticipated in scenarios such as high-quality sensing and robust wave trapping due to the stepwise energy distribution of the hybrid topological phase.

关键词： topological insulator synthetic gauge field projective symmetry corner states

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Failure mechanisms of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs irradiated by high-energy heavy ions with and without bias

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 49-58页

作者： Pei-Pei Hu Li-Jun Xu Sheng-Xia Zhang Peng-Fei Zhai Ling Lv Xiao-Yu Yan zong-Zhen Li Yan-Rong Cao xue-Feng Zheng Jian Zeng Yuan He Jie Liu Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Wide Band‑gap Semiconductor Materials Ministry of EducationXidian UniversityXi’an 710071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS) Beijing 100049China

Gallium nitride(GaN)-based devices have significant potential for space ***,the mechanisms of radiation damage to the device,particularly from strong ionizing radiation,remains *** study investigates the effects of radiation on p-gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs).Under a high voltage,the HEMT leakage current increased sharply and was accompanied by a rapid increase in power density that caused"thermal burnout"of the *** addition,a burnout signature appeared on the surface of the burned devices,proving that a single-event burnout effect ***,degradation,including an increase in the on-resistance and a decrease in the breakdown voltage,was observed in devices irradiated with high-energy heavy ions and without *** latent tracks induced by heavy ions penetrated the heterojunction interface and extended into the GaN ***,a new type of N_(2)bubble defect was discovered inside the tracks using Fresnel *** accumulation of N_(2)bubbles in the heterojunction and buffer layers is more likely to cause leakage and *** study indicates that electrical stress accelerates the failure rate and that improving heat dissipation is an effective reinforcement method for GaN-based devices.

关键词： GaN HEMTs Heavy ions Single-event burnout Latent tracks Degradation

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Predicting the efficiency of arsenic immobilization in soils by biochar using machine learning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 259-267页

作者： jin-Man Cao Yu-Qian Liu Yan-Qing Liu Shu-Dan xue Hai-Hong Xiong Chong-Lin Xu Qi Xu Gui-Lan Duan State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Arsenic(As)pollution in soils is a pervasive environmental *** immobilization offers a promising solution for addressing soil As *** efficiency of biochar in immobilizing As in soils primarily hinges on the characteristics of both the soil and the ***,the influence of a specific property on As immobilization varies among different studies,and the development and application of arsenic passivation materials based on biochar often rely on empirical *** enhance immobilization efficiency and reduce labor and time costs,a machine learning(ML)model was employed to predict As immobilization efficiency before biochar *** this study,we collected a dataset comprising 182 data points on As immobilization efficiency from 17 publications to construct three ML *** results demonstrated that the random forest(RF)model outperformed gradient boost regression tree and support vector regression models in predictive *** importance analysis and partial dependence plots based on the RF model were conducted to identify the most crucial factors influencing As *** findings highlighted the significant roles of biochar application time and biochar pH in As immobilization efficiency in ***,the study revealed that Fe-modified biochar exhibited a substantial improvement in As *** insights can facilitate targeted biochar property design and optimization of biochar application conditions to enhance As immobilization efficiency.

关键词： Biochar Arsenic immobilization Soil Machine learning

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Smart Gas Sensors:Recent Developments and Future Prospective

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 55-86页

作者： Boyang zong Shufang Wu Yuehong Yang Qiuju Li Tian Tao Shun Mao College of Environmental Science and Engineering Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research InstituteShanghai East HospitalState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseTongji University1239 Siping RoadShanghai 200092People’s Republic of China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092People’s Republic of China Microbiome Medicine Center Department of Laboratory MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510280People’s Republic of China

Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,*** the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated *** electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas *** the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas *** review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse *** structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are ***,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are ***,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.

关键词： Smart gas sensor Electronic sensor Optoelectronic sensor Flexible and wearable sensor Artificial intelligence

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Reveal short range interactions between u/d quarks in the NN, D03, and D30 systems

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第3期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 106-115页

作者： Qi-Fang Lü Yu-Bing Dong Peng-Nian Shen zong-Ye Zhang Department of Physics Hunan Normal University Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province Hunan Normal University Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The dynamic mechanism of short range interactions between u/d quarks remains an open and challenging problem. In order to reveal this quark dynamics, we perform a systematic analysis of N N, D03, and D30systems in the（extended） chiral SU（3） constituent quark models. By comparing results calculated with different models and different parameter sets, the effects of one gluon exchange and vector meson exchange terms are carefully examined. The results indicate that the vector meson exchange interactions dominate the short range interactions between u/d quarks, whereas the small residual one gluon exchange coupling strength is also allowed.

关键词： short range interactions dibaryons constituent quark models

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Radiation belt electron wisp inside South Atlantic Anomaly due to terrestrial VLF transmitter observed by MSS-1

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 538-548页

作者： Yixin SUN Ying LIU Qiugang zong Yixin HAO Hong ZOU Yuguang YE Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macau University of Science and Technology Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research

The South Atlantic Anomaly represents a region within near-Earth space characterized by a significantly weaker geomagnetic field and a higher flux of energetic particles compared to other areas. It is a space weather hazards to Low-EarthOrbit satellites. There has been evidence that the Very Low Frequency(VLF) waves from the powerful ground VLF radio transmitter in Australia, known as NWC, have the capacity to scatter energetic electrons' pitch angle in the inner radiation *** scattering directs electrons into the drift loss cone, forms a “wisp”, characterized by its peak intensity outside the South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA), and a “rift” exhibiting minimal intensity within SAA. Our findings mark the initial observation of a“wisp” precipitation, an unusual occurrence with peak intensity detected inside the SAA, observed via the Macao Science Satellite-1. Enabled by the Medium-energy Electron Spectrometer onboard Macao Science Satellite-1, we were able to comprehensively measure the full pitch angle distribution at Low-Earth-Orbit. This allowed us to attribute the “wisp” within the anomaly to a specific pitch angle range just outside the drift loss cone, a measurement unattainable by previous satellites. This“wisp” occurrence aligns with previous model predictions, despite being overlooked. Moreover, we distinguished between the trapped and precipitating electron populations. Directly derived from the ratio of these populations, our analysis revealed that approximately 2%-5% of trapped electrons will be lost in this specific wisp due to the influence of the ground VLF *** results not only complement existing evidence of energetic electron pitch angle scattering facilitated by the ground VLF transmitter but also offer a quantitative estimation of its impact.

关键词： South Atlantic Anomaly Radiation belts Electrons precipitation VLF transmitter Wave-particle interaction

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First documentation of early Silurian conodonts from western Thailand and its geological implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2025年第1期14卷 157-171页

作者： Zhong-Yang Chen Hathaithip Thassanapak Wen-Jie Li xue-jin Wu Mongkol Udchachon Xiang Fang Clive Burrett State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Excellence Center in Evolution of Life Basin Studies and Applied Palaeontology Palaeontological Research and Education Center Mahasarakham University Department of Biology Faculty of Science Mahasarakham University

The early Silurian conodonts are firstly described and illustrated from western Thailand. Samples were collected from the Kroeng Kravia Forest Park area for conodont and lithofacies analyses. An upper Telychian Lower Pterospathodus amorphognathoides amorphognathoides Subzone is recognized for the studied succession. Three lithofacies were identified from the carbonate succession, including stromatolite-thrombolite limestone, nodular limestone, and red limestone. Both analyses on lithofacies and conodont assemblages indicate a deeper marine depositional environment. The conodont fauna in the study area is similar to that from Baoshan of Yunnan Province and Langao of Shaanxi Province in West China and resembles that from similar depositional environments in Australia, Laurentia, and peri-Gondwana, suggesting good connections among these regions by ocean currents.

关键词： Silurian Conodonts Deep marine environment Western Thailand Sibumasu

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Identification of transcription factors contributing to vitamin C synthesis during Rosa roxburghii fruit development by integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年第1期11卷 123-132页

作者： Liyao Su Tian Zhang zong-Ming(Max)Cheng State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China

Ascorbic acid, also referred to as vitamin C(Vc), is an important nutrient found in fruits and vegetables that promotes produce quality and human health. Rosa roxburghii is an underutilized natural fruit that contains very high levels of Vc. However, the Vc content of R. roxburghii varies considerably during plant development and ripening. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie fluctuations in Vc content of R. roxburghii fruit at different developmental stages, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and identified two significant gene networks/modules and 168 transcription factors directly involved in Vc synthesis. Promoter analysis of two core genes involved in Vc synthesis, RrGGP and RrGalUR, revealed the presence of a retroviral long terminal repeat(LTR) insert in the RrGalUR promoter. Using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, we demonstrated that the transcription factors RrHY5H and RrZIP9 bind to the promoter of RrGGP to promote its expression. RrZIP6 and RrWRKY4 bind to the LTR in the RrGalUR promoter to promote its expression. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism that controls Vc synthesis and accumulation in R. roxburghii fruit.

关键词： Rosa roxburghii Vitamin C WGCNA Transcriptome Metabolome

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Mechanisms behind the surprising observation of supra-thermal ions in NIF’s fusion burning plasmas

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Science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 359-364页

作者： Yuhan xue Dong Wu Jie Zhang Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and Department of Physics and Astronomy Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA(CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Although ignition had been achieved at the National Ignition Facility(NIF),recent observations of the experiments indicate novel physics that beyond theoretical predictions emerge,e.g.,the neutron analysis of experiments has revealed deviations from the Maxwellian distributions in ion relative kinetic energies of burning plasmas,with the surprising emergence of supra-thermal deuterium and tritium(DT)ions that fall outside the predictions of macroscopic statistical hydrodynamic *** our newly developed hybrid-particle-in-cell code,incorporating the newly-proposed model of large-angle collisions,we infer that that this could be attributed to the increased significance of large-angle collisions among DT ions andα-particles in the burning *** and unprecedented kinetic investigations into the implications of large-angle collisions in the burning plasma have yielded several key findings,including an ignition moment promotion by~10 ps,the presence of supra-thermal ions below an energy threshold,and approximately twice the expected deposition ofα-particles *** rationality of our findings is confirmed through the congruency between the neutron spectral moment analyses conducted by the NIF and our kinetic simulations,both highlighting progressively widening disparities between neutron spectral moment analyses and hydrodynamics predictions,which becomes more pronounced as the yield *** kinetic simulations with large-angle collisions not only provide novel insights for experiment interpretation but also open new research opportunities for the largely unexplored regime of the nuclear burning plasmas,which are distinguished by their exceptionally high energy densities and hold immense potential for illuminating the intricate physics that underpins the evolution of the early universe.

关键词： lon kinetics Supra-thermal ions Large-angle collisions Non-equilibrium ignition Inertial confinement fusion Burning plasmas

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