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Shear banding-inducedslip enables unprecedented strength-ductility combination of laminated metallic composites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第15期110卷 260-268页

作者： Shuang Jiang Ru Lin Peng Kristián Máthis Hai-Le Yan Gergely Farkas zoltán Hegedues Ulrich Lienert Johan Moverare Xiang Zhao Liang Zuo nan Jia Yan-Dong Wang Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Division of Engineering Materials Department of Management and EngineeringLinköping UniversityLinköping 58183Sweden Department of Physics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Prague 12116Czech Republic nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Rež130Husinec-ˇRež25068Czech Republic Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron(DESY) Notkestr.85Hamburg 22607Germany Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Shear bands in metallic materials have been reported to be catastrophic because they normally lead to non-uniform plastic deformation. Ductility of laminated metallic composites deteriorates with increasing processing strain, particularly for those having hexagonal-close-packed(hcp) constituents due to inadequate slip systems and consequently prominent shear banding. Here, we propose a design strategy that counterintuitively tolerates the bands with localized strains, i.e. the shear banded laminar(SBL) structure, which promotes dislocation activation in hcp metals and renders unprecedented strengthductility combination in hcp-metal-based composites fabricated by accumulative roll bonding(ARB). The SBL structure is characterized with one soft hcp metal constrained by adjacent hard metal in which dislocations have been accumulated near the bimetal interfaces. High-energy X-ray diffraction astonishingly reveals that more than 90% of dislocations are non-basal in Ti layers of the SBL Ti/nb composite processed by eight ARB cycles. Moreover, dislocations occupy a high fraction of ~30%, promoting further cross slip. The unique stress field tailored by both shear banding and heterophase interface-mediated deformation accommodation triggers important slip. This SBL design is of significance for developing hcp-based laminates and other heterostructured materials with high performances.

关键词： Shear band Laminated metallic composites Ductility High-energy X-ray diffraction Dislocation slip

Investigation of contaminated Tisza flood-plain soil after heavy metal pollution

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2006年第B8期25卷 251-252页

作者： zoltán Gyori Department of Food Science and Quality Assurance Centre of Agricultural Sciences University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

Interplay between nitric oxide and VIP in CCK-8-induced phasic contractile activity in the rabbit sphincter of Oddi

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第21期11卷 3264-3266页

作者： Attila Pálv(o|¨)lgyi Réka Sári József németh Annamária Szabolcs István nagy Péter Hegyi János Lonovics zoltán Szilvássy First Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of SzegedH-6720 SzegedKorányi fasor 8-10 Hungary Department of Pharmacology Medical University of Pécs H-7643 Pécs Szigeti u. 12 Hungary First Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged H-6720 Szeged Korányi fasor 8-10 Hungary Department of Pharmacology Medical University of Debrecen H-4032 DebrecenNagyerdei krt.98Hungary

AIM: The sphincter of Oddi (SO) plays an important role in delivery of bile into the duodenum. To establish whether vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (nO) were involved in phasic contractile activity of the rabbit SO stimulated by cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8). METHODS: Isolated SO muscle rings were cleaned of fat and mounted horizontally on two small L-shaped hooks one of which was connected to a force transducer for the measurement of isometric *** experiments were carried out in a thermostatically controlled (37±0.2℃) organ bath (5 mL) containing Krebs *** organ fluid was gassed with 95% O2 and 50 mL/L CO2 to keep the pH at 7.40±0.05. Contractile responses to CCK-8 (1 μmol/L) were evaluated in the presence and absence of nG-nitro-L-arginine (LnnA), an inhibitor of nO synthase (100 μmol/L), and (p-chloro-D-Phe6-Leu17)-VIP (VlPa, 30 μmol/L), a VIP receptor antagonist. RESULTS: CCK-8 stimulated the phasic activity of the SO. nO synthase inhibition increased the frequency and amplitude of contractions with a slight increase in developed tension. Pre-incubation with VlPa also attenuated this CCK-8 effect. The combined application of LnnA and VlPa abolished the phasic activity of the muscle rings with a marked increase in tension in response to CCK-8. COnCLUSIOn: VIP and nO together contribute to an increase in phasic activity of SO.

关键词： Sphincter of Oddi CCK VIP nO LnnA

Characterization of H^+ and HCO_3^- transporters in CFPAC-1 human pancreatic duct cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第6期12卷 885-895页

作者： zoltánRakonczayJr AmyFearn PéterHegy MichaelAGray BarryEArgent PéterHegyi Imre Boros institute for Cell anti Molecular Biosciences.University of newcastle upon Tyne Medical SchoolNewcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HHUnited Kingdom First Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SzegedH-6720 Szeged institute for Cell anti Molecular Biosciences.University of newcastle upon Tyne Medical SchoolNewcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH Hungarian Academy of Sciences Biological Research CenterInstitute of BiochemistryH-6726 Szeged

AIM： To characterize H^＋ and HCO3^- transporters in polarized CFPAC-1 human pancreatic duct cells, which were derived from a cystic fibrosis patient with the AF508 CFTR mutation. METHODS： CFPAC-1 cells were seeded at high density onto permeable supports and grown to confluence. The cells were loaded with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye BCECF, and mounted into a perfusion chamber, which allowed the simultaneous perfusion of the basolateral and apical membranes. Transmembrane base flux was calculated from the changes in intracellular pH and the buffering capacity of the cells. RESULTS： Our results showed differential permeability to HCO3^＋/CO2 at the apical and basolateral membranes of CFPAC-1 cells. na^＋/HCO3^- co-transporters （nBCs） and Cl^-/HCO3^- exchangers （AEs） were present on the basolateral membrane, and na＋/H＋ exchangers （nHEs） on both the apical and basolateral membranes of the cells. Basolateral HCO3 uptake was sensitive to variations of extracellular K^＋ concentration, the membrane permeable carbonic anhydrase （CA） inhibitors acetazolamide （100 μmol/L） and ethoxyzolamide （100 μmol/L）, and was partially inhibited by H2-DIDS （600 μmol/L）. The membrane-impermeable CA inhibitor 1-n-（4-sulfamoylphenylethyl）-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine perchlorate did not have any effect on HCO3^- *** basolateral AE had a much higher activity than that in the apical membrane, whereas there was no such difference with the nHE under resting conditions. Also, 10 μmol/L forskolin did not significantly influence Cl^-/HCO3^- exchange on the apical and basolateral membranes. The administration of 250 μmol/L H2-DIDS significantly inhibited the basolateral AE. Amiloride （300 μmol/L） completely inhibited nHEs on both membranes of the cells. RT-PCR revealed the expression of pnBC1, AE2, and nHE1 mRnA. COnCLUSIOn： These data suggest that apart from the lack of CFTR and apical Cl^-/HCO3^- exchanger activity, CFPAC-1 cells express similar H^＋ and HCO3^- transporters to those observe

关键词： CFPAC-1 Pancreatic duct cells HCO3^- Intracellular pH

Vintage Effect on the Strain Dependent Dynamics of Ethanol Production in Vineries of Tokaj

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 31-44页

作者： zoltán Kállai Gyula Oros Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Tarcal Hungary Department of Genetic and Applied Microbiology University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary Plant Protection Institute HAS Budapest Hungary

The dynamics of ethanol production of local strains of three yeast species and their ternary mixtures was examined in two Tokaj vineries. Although, the performance of them diverged significantly in first etaps of vinification—up to the utilization of half of the sugar content of grape juice—the variations vintages per vintages surpassed the strain-dependent alterations. The divergence in the latter aspect diminished during the last etap, and the ethanol concentration in young wines fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. uvarum and Starmerella bacillaris (2 local strains of each) and their mixtures did not vary considerably (c.v. 4.2%). The vinification of grape juice performed more rapidly in fermentors inoculated with strains of S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum and St. bacillarisn style="font-family:Verdana;"> as well as with their mixtures than in spontaneously initiated ones by wild mycoflora in each vintage. The strains responded in different manners to conditions vintage per vintage, however, their ternary mixtures always fermented more intensively the grape juice than the strains alone. The strains affected the dynamics of alcohol production to different extents, but the alterations between them exceeded the variation between the average effects of the species. The circumstances of vinification significantly influenced the subsequent events of fermentation, but the maximum intensity of ethanol production was inversely proportional to the time required to start alcoho

关键词： Yeast Vinification Mixed Fermentation Ethanol Production Dynamics Tokaj

Groundwater uptake of different surface cover and its consequences in great Hungarian plain

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 408-416页

作者： zoltán Gribovszki Péter Kalicz Kitti Balog András Szabó Tibor Tóth Péter Csáfordi Mohamed Metwaly Sándor Szalai Institute of Geomatics and Civil Engineering University of SopronSopronHungary Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry Centre for Agricultural ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesBudapestHungary Forest Research Institute National Agricultural Research and Innovation CentreBudapestHungary Archaeology Department College of Tourism and ArchaeologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia national Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics(nRIAG) CairoEgypt MTA CSFK GGI SopronHungary

Introduction:Forest cover in Hungary has increased from 1.1 to 2.0 million hectares during the last *** EU(European Union)promotes further afforestation;thus,15,000–18,000 ha are being forested each year,mainly in the Hungarian Great *** terms of species used for afforestation,poplar plantations are preferred over native oak *** groundwater uptake of trees can be a significant water balance element of forested areas in shallow groundwater environments within the Hungarian Great *** can cause water table depressions and subsurface salt accumulation in areas with negative water *** study examined the hydrological impact of forest cover in the Hungarian Great *** the framework of this research,climatic water balance,water table depth and salinity,subsoil layering,tree species and stand age were analysed as influencing *** paper compares the effect which an oak forest,a poplar plantation and a pasture have on groundwater uptake and salt ***:The water table level was roughly 0.4–0.5 m lower beneath the oak forest and the poplar plantation than it was beneath the *** groundwater use was 1.5–2 times higher than that of *** uptake of oak forest was greater than that of poplar plantation during the monitoring *** accumulation,which shows water use in the longer run,was slightly higher for poplar in deeper ***:The greater amount of groundwater used by trees does not lead to a higher salt uptake as only a slight accumulation of salt was measured beneath the ***,hybrid poplar was slightly less favourable than native oak when considering salinization ***,even greater groundwater uptake by trees over longer timescales could cause more significant salt accumulation under pronounced drought conditions due to climate change.

关键词： Groundwater recharge/water budget Evapotranspiration Diurnal fluctuation Forest cover Salinization

Global Socio-Economic and Environmental Dimensions of GM Maize Cultivation

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 8-20页

作者： József Popp zoltán Lakner Department of Food Eco- nomics Faculty of Food Sciences Budapest Corvinus University Budapest Hungary Faculty of Applied Economics and Rural Development University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

The increased population density, coupled with changes in dietary habits in developing countries towards high quality food and the increasing use of grains for livestock feed is projected to increase demand for food production by 70% by 2050. Crop yields would continue to grow but at a slower rate than in the past. Yield growth will play an important role as only a slow expansion of agricultural land is expected. Future yield increases on lands currently supporting high production levels must come from continued yield enhancing genetic modifications. The most important grain and feed is maize. Genetic improvement has not only contributed to yield increases but also to other desirable plant components such as resistance to lodging and tolerance to increased plant populations, insects, and diseases. Maize production has increased from 200 million tons in 1960 to over 800 million tons in 2011 but has not changed very much recently. The reviews suggest that the overall assessment of farm-level costs and benefits of GM maize has severe limitations. nonetheless, GM maize is a potential tool to increase farmers’ income and thus might contribute to poverty reduction and sustainable social and rural economic development, especially in developing countries. The results support the contention that the adoption of GM maize leads on average to a higher economic performance, i.e., benefits, for farmers than conventional (non-GM) crops. An important finding of the analysis is that the kind and magnitude of benefits are heterogeneous across crops, traits, countries and regions. However, while the literature on the economic impact of GM crops has grown in recent years there is still a need for more comparative studies across space and time in order to pin down these impacts and allow for a better assessment of the contribution that this technology can make to sustainable development.

关键词： Food Security Yield Improvement GM Maize Economic Benefits

Uncorrected refractive errors are important causes of avoidable visual impairment in Hungary: re-evaluation of two existing national data sets

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第6期16卷 955-961页

作者： János németh TennóDaiki Gábor LászlóSándor Hajnalka Keve Dorottya Szabó Gábor Tóth Gergely Dankovics István Barna Hans Limburg zoltán Zsolt nagy Department of Ophthalmology Semmelweis UniversityBudapest 1085Hungary Department of Media and Education Informatics Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapest 1117Hungary Department of Ophthalmology Petz Aladár HospitalGyör 9024Hungary Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary Szentendre 2000Hungary Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology Semmelweis UniversityBudapest 1083Hungary Health Information Services Grootebroek 1613The Netherlands

·AIM: To review existing data for the prevalence of corrected, uncorrected, and inadequately corrected refractive errors and spectacle wear in Hungary.·METHODS: Data from two nationwide cross-sectional studies were analysed. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness study collected population-based representative national data on the prevalence of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors and spectacle coverage in 3523 people aged ≥50y(Group I). The Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary provided data on the use of spectacles in 80 290 people aged ≥18y(Group Ⅱ).·RESULTS: In Group I, almost half of the survey population showed refractive errors for distant vision, about 10% of which were uncorrected(3.2% of all male participants and 5.0% of females). The distance spectacle coverage was 90.7%(91.9% in males;90.2% in females). The proportion of inadequate distance spectacles was found to be 33.1%. Uncorrected presbyopia was found in 15.7% of participants. In all age groups(Group Ⅱ), 65.4% of females and 56.0% of males used distance spectacles,and approximately 28.9% of these spectacles were found to be inappropriate for dioptric power(with 0.5 dioptres or more). The prevalence of inaccurate distance spectacles was significantly higher in older age groups(71y and above) in both sexes.·COnCLUSIOn: According to this population-based data, uncorrected refractive errors are not rare in Hungary. Despite recent national initiatives, fur ther steps are required to reduce uncorrected refractive errors and associated negative effects on vision, such as avoidable visual impairment.

关键词： refractive errors uncorrected refractive errors spectacle wear inaccurate spectacles visual impairment

Insulin is necessary for the hypertrophic effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide following acute necrotizing experimental pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第15期10卷 2275-2277页

作者： Péter Hegyi zoltán RakonczayJr Réka Sári László Czakó norbert Farkas Csaba Góg József németh János Lonovics Tamás Takács First Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Szeged Szeged H6722Hungary School of Cell and Molecular BiosciencesMedical SchoolUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUnited Kingdom First Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Szeged Szeged H6722Hungary Jr.School of Cell and Molecular BiosciencesMedical SchoolUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUnited Kingdom First Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Szeged Szeged H6722Hungary

AIM:In previous experiments we have demonstrated that by administering low doses of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8),the process of regeneration following L-arginine (Arg)-induced pancreatitis is *** rats that were also diabetic(induced by streptozotocin,STZ),pancreatic regeneration was not *** aim of this study was to deduce whether the administration of exogenous insulin could in fact restore the hypertrophic effect of CCK-8 in diabetic-pancreatitic rats. METHODS:Male Wistar rats were used for the experiments. Diabetes mellitus was induced by administering 60mg/kg body mass of STZ intraperitoneally(i.p.),then,on d 8, pancreatitis was induced by 200mg/100 g body mass Arg *** at an interval of 1 *** animals were injected subcutaneously twice daily(at 7 *** 7 p.m.)with 1 μg/kg of CCK-8 and/or 2 IU mixed insulin(300g/L short- action and 700g/L intermediate-action insulin) for 14 d after pancreatitis *** this the animals were killed and the serum amylase,glucose and insulin levels as well as the plasma glucagon levels,the pancreatic mass/body mass ratio(pm/bm),the pancreatic contents of DnA,protein,amylase,lipase and trypsinogen were *** tissue samples were examined by light microscopy on paraffin-embedded sections. RESULTS:In the diabetic-pancreatitic rats treatment with insulin and CCK-8 significantly elevated pw/bm and the pancreatic contents of protein,amylase and lipase vs the rats receiving only CCK-8 ***-8 administered in combination with insulin also elevated the number of acinar cells with mitotic activities,whereas CCK-8 alone had no effect on laboratory parameters or the mitotic activities in diabetic-pancreatitic rats. COnCLUSIOn:Despite the hypertrophic effect of CCK-8 being absent following acute pancreatitis in diabetic-rats, the simultaneous administration of exogenous insulin restored this *** results clearly demonstrate that insulin is necessary for the hypertrophic ef

关键词： Animals Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental Hypoglycemic Agents Insulin Male Pancreatitis, Acute necrotizing Rats Rats, Wistar Regeneration Research Support, non-U.S. Gov't Sincalide