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The risk of prostate cancer on incidental finding of an avid prostate uptake on 2-deoxy-2-[^(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for non-prostate cancer-related pathology:A single centre retrospective study

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 33-41页

作者： Anthony Franklin Troy Gianduzzo Boon Kua David Wong Louise McEwan James walters Rachel Esler Matthew J.Roberts Geoff Coughlina John W.Yaxley Department of Urology The Wesley HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Wesley Medical Research BrisbaneQLDAustralia school of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Radiology Wesley Medical ImagingBrisbaneQLDAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Objective:To review the risk of prostate cancer(PCa)in men with incidentally reported increased intraprostatic uptake at 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)ordered at Department of Urology,The Wesley Hospital,Brisbane,QLD,Australia for non-PCa related ***:Retrospective analysis of consecutive men between August 2014 and August 2019 presenting to a single institution for 18F-FDG PET/CT for non-prostate related conditions was *** were classified as benign,indeterminate,or malignant depending of the results of prostate-specific antigen(PsA),PsA velocity,biopsy histopathology,and three-Tesla(3 T)multiparametric MRI(mpMRI)Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data system score,or gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen(68Ga-PsMA)PET/CT ***:Three percent(273/9122)of men demonstrated 18F-FDG avidity within the ***-five percent(231/273)were further investigated,including with PsA tests(227/231,98.3%),3 T mpMRI(68/231,29.4%),68Ga-PsMA PET/CT(33/231,14.3%),and prostate biopsy(57/231,24.7%).Results were considered benign in 130/231(56.3%),indeterminate in 31/231(13.4%),and malignant in 70/231(30.3%).PCa was identified in 51/57(89.5%)of the men who proceeded to biopsy,including 26/27(96.3%)men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data system scores 4-5 mpMRI and six men with a positive 68Ga-PsMA PET/*** most common Gleason score on biopsy was greater than or equal to 4+5(14/51,27.5%).68Ga-PsMA PET/CT was concordant with the 18F-FDG findings in 26/33(78.8%).All 13 men with a positive concordant 18F-FDG,3 T mpMRI,and 68Ga-PsMA PET/CT had PCa on *** was no statistically significant difference in the 18F-FDG maximum standardized uptake value between the benign or malignant groups(5.7 vs.6.1;p=0.580).Conclusion:In this study,after an incidental finding of an avid intraprostatic lesion on 18F-FDG PET/CT,70 of the 231 cases(30.3%;0.8%of the entire cohort)had results c

关键词： Prostatecancer Positionemission tomography Multiparametric magneticresonance imaging Prostatebiopsy

Performance Evaluation ofMulti-Agent Reinforcement Learning Algorithms

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Intelligent Automation & soft Computing 2024年第2期39卷 337-352页

作者： Abdulghani M.Abdulghani Mokhles M.Abdulghani Wilbur L.walters Khalid H.Abed Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering and Computer science Jackson State UniversityJacksonMS 39217USA

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning(MARL)has proven to be successful in cooperative *** is used to investigate how autonomous agents with the same interests can connect and act in one *** cooperation scenarios are explored in recreational cooperative augmented reality environments,as well as realworld scenarios in *** this paper,we explore the realm of MARL and its potential applications in cooperative *** focus is on developing a multi-agent system that can collaborate to attack or defend against enemies and achieve victory withminimal *** accomplish this,we utilize the starCraftMulti-Agent Challenge(sMAC)environment and train four MARL algorithms:Q-learning with Mixtures of Experts(QMIX),Value-DecompositionNetwork(VDN),Multi-agent Proximal PolicyOptimizer(MAPPO),andMulti-Agent Actor Attention Critic(MAA2C).These algorithms allow multiple agents to cooperate in a specific scenario to achieve the targeted *** results show that the QMIX algorithm outperforms the other three algorithms in the attacking scenario,while the VDN algorithm achieves the best results in the defending ***,the VDNalgorithmreaches the highest value of battle wonmean and the lowest value of dead *** research demonstrates the potential forMARL algorithms to be used in real-world applications,such as controllingmultiple robots to provide helpful services or coordinating teams of agents to accomplish tasks that would be impossible for a human to *** sMAC environment provides a unique opportunity to test and evaluate MARL algorithms in a challenging and dynamic environment,and our results show that these algorithms can be used to achieve victory with minimal damage.

关键词： Reinforcement learning RL multi-agent MARL sMAC VDN QMIX MAPPO

Associations of polygenic risk scores with risks of stroke and its subtypes in Chinese

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stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第4期9卷 399-406,I0044-I0065页

作者： songchun Yang Zhijia sun Dong sun Canqing Yu Yu Guo Dianjianyi sun Yuanjie Pang Pei Pei Ling Yang Iona Y Millwood Robin G walters Yiping Chen Huaidong Du Yan Lu sushila Burgess Daniel Avery Robert Clarke Junshi Chen Zhengming Chen Liming Li Jun Lv On behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group Department of Epidemiology&Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Dermatology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness&Response BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(Peking University) Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical sciences BeijingChina Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford OxfordUK Clinical Trial service Unit&Epidemiological studies Unit(CTsU) Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK NCDs Prevention and Control Department Suzhou CDCSuzhouJiangsuChina China National Center for Food safety Risk Assessment BeijingChina state Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling Peking UniversityBeijingChina 不详

Background and purpose Previous studies,mostly focusing on the European population,have reported polygenic risk scores(PRss)might achieve risk stratification of *** aimed to examine the association strengths of PRss with risks of stroke and its subtypes in the Chinese *** Participants with genome-wide genotypic data in China Kadoorie Biobank were split into a potential training set(n=22191)and a population-based testing set(n=72150).Four previously developed PRss were included,and new PRss for stroke and its subtypes were *** PRss showing the strongest association with risks of stroke or its subtypes in the training set were further evaluated in the testing *** proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association strengths of different PRss with risks of stroke and its subtypes(ischaemic stroke(Is),intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)and subarachnoid haemorrhage(sAH)).Results In the testing set,during 872919 person-years of follow-up,8514 incident stroke events were *** PRss of any stroke(As)and Is were both positively associated with risks of As,Is and ICH(psD increment(HR_(sD))of PRsAs was 1.10(95%CI 1.07 to 1.12),1.10(95%CI 1.07 to 1.12)and 1.13(95%CI 1.07 to 1.20)for As,Is and ICH,*** corresponding HR_(sD) of PRs_(Is) was 1.08(95%CI 1.06 to 1.11),1.08(95%CI 1.06 to 1.11)and 1.09(95%CI 1.03 to 1.15).PRs_(ICH) was positively associated with the risk of ICH(HR_(sD)=1.07,95%CI 1.01 to 1.14).PRss_(AH) was not associated with risks of stroke and its *** addition of current PRss offered little to no improvement in stroke risk prediction and risk *** In this Chinese population,the association strengths of current PRss with risks of stroke and its subtypes were moderate,suggesting a limited value for improving risk prediction over traditional risk factors in the context of current genome-wide association study under-representing the East Asia

关键词： testing prediction increment

storylines of family medicine Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 33-42页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A stone Radeeb Akhtar Jeffrey M Ring Lucy M Candib Erick Messias Ronald M Epstein Marc Tunzi Amy L Lee Christopher P Morley Carina M Brown David slawson Jill Konkin David G Campbell Ian Couper susan Williams Robert Brooks Lucie walters Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family Medicine and Community Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA Independent Health Psychologist Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Saint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA Family Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA Family Medicine Residency Program Natividad Medical CenterSalinasCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Public Health and Preventive Medicine SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA Cone Health Family Medicine Residency The University of North Carolina School of MedicineGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA Family Medicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Family Medicine University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine&DentistryEdmontonAlbertaCanada Cunninghame Arm Medical Centre Australian College of Rural and Remote MedicineLakes EntranceQueenslandAustralia Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesCape TownWestern CapeSouth Africa Adelaide Rural Clinical school The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Department of Rural Health Broken Hill UniversityBroken HillNew South WalesAustralia Adelaide Rural Clinical school The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesMount GambierSouth AustraliaAustralia

storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the UsA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation’,authors address the following themes:‘Relational connections in the doctor–patient partnership’,‘Feminism and family medicine’,‘Positive family medicine’,‘Mindful practice’,‘The new,old ethics of family medicine’,‘Public health,prevention and populations’,‘Information mastery in family medicine’and‘Clinical courage.’May readers nurture their curiosity through these essays.

关键词： thematic illustration doctor

Persistent Precarity and the Disaster of Everyday Life: Homeless People’s Experiences of Natural and Other Hazards

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2019年第3期10卷 332-342页

作者： JC Gaillard Vicky walters Megan Rickerby Yu shi school of Environment The University of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand school of People Environment and PlanningMasseyUniversityAlbany 0632New Zealand Unit for Environmental sciences and Management North-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2520South Africa

Knowledge of how homeless people deal with natural hazards and disasters is sparse and there is a remarkable absence of homeless people in policies and practices for disaster risk reduction(DRR). This article aims at filling this gap by exploring the lives of homeless people in two New Zealand cities that are exposed to natural hazards. It shows that natural hazards are of marginal concern to homeless people in comparison to the everyday hazards that they experience and that make their everyday life a disaster in itself. The disaster of everyday life is created and compounded by homeless people’s precarious lifeworlds. The article, nonetheless, shows that homeless people’s vulnerability to natural hazards remains high as they lack power to control the processes that shape their everyday lives, to prepare for large-scale events, and to be represented in DRR policy. Therefore, the article ultimately argues that disaster policies require greater attention to be paid to the power structures that create persistent precarity and the ways in which this is experienced in everyday life.

关键词： Everyday life Hazard Homelessness New Zealand Precarity Vulnerability

Using our mini-brains: cerebral organoids as an improved cellular model for human prion disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1019-1020页

作者： Bradley R.Groveman Ryan walters Cathryn L.Haigh Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Intramural ResearchRocky Mountain Laboratories National Institutes of Health

Neurodegenerative diseases are an ever-increasing burden in an aging *** no cure is available for any of these diseases and treatment is based on managing *** many candidate therapeutics demonstrating promise in animal models,none has yet shown efficacy in human *** is self-evident that humans are different from the animals used to model our diseases,especially models that have been highly manipulated to generate a disease in an animal that does not naturally have such a *** differences are likely the reason for the failures of drug candidates in human trials but,until recently,human models of neurodegenerative diseases were *** development of the human cerebral organoid model,by differentiating three-dimensional human neuronal tissue from pluripotent stem cells,represents a significant advance in studying human brain *** organoids have been used to model Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,Down’s syndrome dementia and we have now shown they can be infected with human prions creating a new model of human prion diseases.

关键词： cerebral likely spite

Investigation of the unstable flow phenomenon in a pump turbine

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2014年第6期57卷 1119-1127页

作者： YIN JunLian WANG DeZhong walters D.Keith WEI XianZhu school of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Department of Mechanical Engineering Mississippi State University state Key Laboratory of Hydropower Equipment

Instability of pump turbine with s-shaped curve is characterized by large fluctuations of rotational speed during the transient *** investigating this phenomenon,a numerical model based on the dynamic sliding mesh method(DssM)is presented and used to numerically solve the 3D transient flow which is characterized by the variable rotation speed of *** method is validated by comparison with measured data for a load rejection process in a prototype pump *** results show that the calculated rotation speed agrees well with the experimental *** on the validated model,simulations were performed for the runaway process using an artificially assumed operating condition under which the unstable rotation speed is expected to *** results confirm that the instability of runner rotational speed can be effectively captured with the proposed *** results include the time history profiles of unit flow rate and unit rotating *** internal flow characteristics in a typical unstable period are discussed in detail and the mechanism of the unstable hydraulic phenomenon is ***,the results suggest that the method presented here can be a viable alternative to predict the dynamic characteristics of pump turbines during transient processes.

关键词： pump turbine transient process dynamic sliding mesh flow stability

Oral mucosal lipids are antibacterial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions

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International Journal of Oral science 2013年第3期5卷 130-140页

作者： Carol L Fischer Katherine s walters David R Drake Deborah V Dawson Derek R Blanchette Kim A Brogden Philip W Wertz Dows Institute for Dental Research College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Central Microscopy Research Facility College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Endodontics College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Periodontics College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Oral Pathology Radiology & Medicine College of Dentistry The University of Iowa

Oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit potent antimicrobial activity for a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria;however,little is known about their spectrum of antimicrobial activity or mechanisms of action against oral *** this study,we examine the activity of two fatty acids and three sphingoid bases against Porphyromonas gingivalis,an important colonizer of the oral cavity implicated in *** inhibitory concentrations,minimal bactericidal concentrations,and kill kinetics revealed variable,but potent,activity of oral mucosal and salivary lipids against ***,indicating that lipid structure may be an important determinant in lipid mechanisms of activity against bacteria,although specific components of bacterial membranes are also likely *** micrographs showed ultrastructural damage induced by sapienic acid and phytosphingosine and confirmed disruption of the bacterial plasma *** information,coupled with the association of treatment lipids with *** lipids revealed via thin layer chromatography,suggests that the plasma membrane is a likely target of lipid antibacterial *** a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and Western blot followed by mass spectroscopy and N-terminus degradation sequencing we also show that treatment with sapienic acid induces upregulation of a set of proteins comprising a unique *** stress response,including proteins important in fatty acid biosynthesis,metabolism and energy production,protein processing,cell adhesion and *** or therapeutic lipid treatments may be beneficial for intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on mucosal surfaces.

关键词： antimicrobial lipid fatty acid Porphyromonasgingivalis sphingoid base sphingolipid ultrastructure

Hidden heterogeneity and its influence on dengue vaccination impact

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 783-797页

作者： Magdalene walters T.Alex Perkins Department of Biological sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health University of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA

The CYD-TDV vaccine was recently developed to combat dengue,a mosquito-borne viral disease that afflicts millions of people each year throughout the tropical and subtropical *** rollout has been complicated by recent findings that vaccinees with no prior exposure to dengue virus(DENV)experience an elevated risk of severe disease in response to their first DENV infection subsequent to *** a result of these findings,guidelines for use of CYD-TDV now require serological screening prior to vaccination to establish that an individual does not fall into this high-risk *** complications mean that the public health impact of CYD-TDV vaccination is expected to be higher in areas with higher *** important practical difficulty with tailoring vaccination policy to local transmission contexts is that DENV transmission is spatially heterogeneous,even at the scale of neighborhoods or blocks within a *** raises the question of whether models based on data that average over spatial heterogeneity in transmission could fail to capture important aspects of CYD-TDV impact in spatially heterogeneous *** explored this question with a deterministic model of DENV transmission and CYD-TDV vaccination in a population comprised of two communities with differing transmission *** to the full model,a version of the model based on the average of the two communities failed to capture benefits of targeting the intervention to the high-transmission community,which resulted in greater impact in both communities than we observed under even *** addition,the model based on the average of the two communities substantially overestimated impact among vaccinated individuals in the low-transmission *** the event that the specificity of serological screening is not high,this result suggests that models that ignore spatial heterogeneity could overlook the potential for harm to this segment of the population.

关键词： Dengue Vector borne disease Dengvaxia CYD-TDV Computational modeling sIR R spatial heterogeneity