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MAXIMIZING RESTORATION SUCCESS WHEN THE GOOD GROUND IS GONE

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Journal of Green Building 2017年第3期12卷 115-123页

作者： Alex zimmerman the Erosion Control Technology Council

INTRODUCTION“The good ground is gone”often refers to the challenging nature of construction sites these *** on steeper slopes and within tighter boundaries while accelerat-ing construction schedules is adding to the challenge of construction *** the revegetation and restoration is unfortunately not planned or timed for successful long-term vegetation *** soil conditions are frequently overlooked and the timing necessary for seed germination,expression,and establishment are rarely factors in determining the schedule of seeding applications for optimum *** too often less than desired results or failure is the accepted *** will increase the future maintenance costs and encourage the repeated“finger pointing”while seeking to blame one cause or ***,this often-repeated process fails to address the fundamental causes and thereby rarely fixes the problems moving *** an effort to break out of this all too often repeated cycle,let’s break down the principle challenges and explore options for successful restoration of challenging ***,long-term revegetation starts with the *** quality soil that takes years to accumulate naturally,revegetation efforts regularly fail or the outcomes are less than *** construction,mining,and general land disturbing activities the soil will be degraded even while practicing the best topsoil harvesting and stock-piling management *** areas where vegetation is desired are essentially mineral without any organic matter or biological *** available,stockpiled topsoil will also degrade;the environment within the pile will create conditions that microbes,essential for plant health,will be negatively *** longer the stripped soils are stockpiled,the more living organisms are *** and even requirements for limiting the depth of the pile to reduce the loss of ben-eficial microbes is rarely possible given the tight bo

关键词： site restoration revegetation vertical task management stabilization methods soil conditions project scheduling erosion control

Biological transformation,kinetics and dose-response assessments of bound musk ketone hemoglobin adducts in rainbow trout as biomarkers of environmental exposure

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第7期20卷 878-884页

作者： M A Mottaleb J H zimmerman T W Moy Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Baylor UniversityP.O.Box 97348WacoTX 76798USA. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research LaboratoryEnvironmental Sciences Division944 East Harmon AveLas VegasNV 89119USA

Low levels (ng/g) of musk ketone (MK),used as a fragrance additive in the formulation of personal care products,are frequently detected in the water and other ***,aquatic organisms can be continuously exposed to *** this study,kinetics and dose-response assessments of 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolite,bound to cysteine-hemoglobin (Hb) in rainbow trout,formed by enzymatic nitro-reduction of MK have been *** were exposed to a single exposure of 0.010,0.030,0.10,and 0.30 mg MK/g ***...

关键词： biotransformation kinetics hemoglobin adducts dose-response nitro musks biomarker fish

Planetary defense mission concepts for disrupting/pulverizing hazardous asteroids with short warning time

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Astrodynamics 2017年第1期1卷 3-21页

作者： Bong Wie Ben zimmerman Joshua Lyzhoft George Vardaxis Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA

This paper presents an overview of space mission concepts for disrupting or pulverizing hazardous asteroids, especially with warning time shorter than approximately 10 years. An innovative mission concept, referred to as a nuclear hypervelocity asteroid intercept vehicle (HAIV) system, employs both a kinetic-energy impactor and nuclear explosive devices. A new mission concept of exploiting a multiple kinetic-energy impactor vehicle (MKIV) system that doesn’t employ nuclear explosives is proposed in this paper, especially for asteroids smaller than approximately 150 m in diameter. The multiple shock wave interaction effect on disrupting or pulverizing a small asteroid is discussed using hydrodynamic simulation results. A multi-target terminal guidance problem and a planetary defense mission design employing a heavy-lift launch vehicle are also brie y discussed in support of the new non-nuclear MKIV mission concept. The nuclear HAIV and non-nuclear MKIV systems complement to each other to effectively mitigate the various asteroid impact threats with short warning time.

关键词： planetary defense kinetic-energy impactor(KEI) asteroid disruption terminal intercept guidance heavy-lift launch vehicles(HLLV)

BARRIERS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO PROMOTING SUPER-ENERGY-EFFICIENT (SEE) HOMES

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Journal of Green Building 2011年第1期6卷 93-103页

作者： Qian Chen Gary Kinzel Allen zimmerman Scott Potter Michael Lichtensteiger Department of Food Agriculturaland Biological EngineeringThe Ohio State University Department of Mechanical Engineering The Ohio State University Agricultural Technical Institute The Ohio State University Institute for Energy and the Environment The Ohio State University Agricultural and Biological EngineeringThe Ohio State University

Reducing energy consumption and environmental impacts of homes remains a critical task for researchers and *** numerous energy efficient(EE)home strategies have been developed,their adoption across the entire industry has still been ***,only a small number of EE homes have been built under several well-known EE home ***,the research question of,“what prevents EE homes from being widely accepted and built?”needs to be addressed and investigated *** paper presents the findings-a comprehensive set of barriers and impediments to the wide spread adoption of EE homes-from an on-going effort made by an alliance of researchers,educators,builders,suppliers,appraisers,real estate agents,and other parties associated with the home construction *** findings are being used to develop and implement a holistic action plan to advance the cause of EE homes through research,education,and *** provided insights will also help other researchers,educators,practitioners and government agencies re-evaluate the strategies used in promoting EE homes and improve the effectiveness of on-going and future programs.

关键词： energy efficiency energy conservation home residential building systems integration strategies barriers impediments

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富铁橄榄石的高温变形实验研究

岩石学报 2005年第3期21卷 999-1004页

作者：赵永红 zimmerman M Kohlstedt D L 北京大学地球物理学系北京100871 明尼苏达大学地质与地球物理系

利用高精度Paterson气体介质变形装置对(Mg0.5,Fe0.5)2SiO4和(Mg0.7,Fe0.3)2SiO4橄榄石集合体进行了高温三轴压缩变形试验。首先用人工合成了纯铁橄榄石Fe2SiO4,然后用合成的纯铁橄榄石与天然圣卡罗橄榄石按一定比例混合烧结合成了含铁... 详细信息

利用高精度Paterson气体介质变形装置对(Mg0.5,Fe0.5)2SiO4和(Mg0.7,Fe0.3)2SiO4橄榄石集合体进行了高温三轴压缩变形试验。首先用人工合成了纯铁橄榄石Fe2SiO4,然后用合成的纯铁橄榄石与天然圣卡罗橄榄石按一定比例混合烧结合成了含铁量分别为50％和30％的富铁橄榄石集合体Fo50和Fo70。三轴压缩蠕变变形试验在温度1223-1473 K和围压 300 MPa的条件下进行,差应力为10-300 MPa,应变率为10-7-10-4s-1,每个试件的最大变形量为20％．利用三维非线性方法对蠕变数据进行拟合,得出的流动律中,Fo50应力指数为4．1,活化能为499kJ／mol;Fo70应力指数为4．3,活化能为510kJ／ mol。将实验结果与Fo90圣卡罗橄榄石集合体的强度进行对比,发现含铁量的增加使橄榄石的强度明显下降,Fo50橄榄石集合体比Fo70的粘性低一个量级,Fo70比Fo90的粘性低一个量级。从而得到了含铁量对橄榄石的粘性(强度)影响的初步试验结果。

关键词：富铁橄榄石高温蠕变三轴压缩实验研究

The Treasure of Costa Rica—— The beauty of Central America proves all that＇s gold doesn＇t glitter

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2010年第9期 32-34,46,47页

作者： Susan zimmerman

Twenty-first century climate change and submerged aquatic vegetation in a temperate estuary:the case of Chesapeake Bay

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第7期3卷 14-34页

作者： Thomas M.Arnold Richard C.zimmerman Katharina A.M.Engelhardt J.Court Stevenson Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies Dickinson CollegeCarlislePAUSA Department of Ocean Earth and Atmospheric SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA Appalachian Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceFrostburgMDUSA Horn Point Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceCambridgeMDUSA

Introduction:The Chesapeake Bay was once renowned for expansive meadows of submerged aquatic vegetation(SAV).However,only 10%of the original meadows *** restoration effortswill be complicated by accelerating climate change,including physiological stressors such as a predicted mean temperature increase of 2-6℃and a 50-160%increase in CO_(2)***:As the Chesapeake Bay begins to exhibit characteristics of a subtropical estuary,summer heat waves will become more frequent and *** alone would eventually eliminate eelgrass(Zostera marina)from the *** will favor native heat-tolerant species such as widgeon grass(Ruppia maritima)while facilitating colonization by non-native seagrasses(e.g.,Halodule spp.).Intensifying human activity will also fuel coastal zone acidification and the resulting high CO_(2)/low pH conditions may benefit SAV via a“CO_(2)fertilization effect.”Discussion:Acidification is known to offset the effects of thermal stress and may have similar effects in estuaries,assuming water clarity is sufficient to support CO_(2)-stimulated photosynthesis and plants are not overgrown by ***,coastal zone acidification is variable,driven mostly by local biological processes that may or may not always counterbalance the effects of regional *** precarious equipoise between two forces-thermal stress and acidification-will be critically important because it may ultimately determine the fate of cool-water plants such as Zostera marina in the Chesapeake ***:The combined impacts of warming,coastal zone acidification,water clarity,and overgrowth of competing algae will determine the fate of SAV communities in rapidly changing temperate estuaries.

关键词： Submerged aquatic vegetation climate temperature coastal acidification Chesapeake Bay

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大变形橄榄石动态重结晶的实验观测研究

岩石学报 2013年第3期29卷 967-976页

作者：赵永红 zimmerman Mark KOHLSTEDT David ZHAO YongHong 北京大学地球物理学系北京100871 美国明尼苏达大学地质与地球物理系 MN55455

本文利用高温高压大变形扭转实验,对富铁橄榄石大变形情况下的动态重结晶和颗粒尺度变化的特点进行了实验观测分析。富铁橄榄石集合体由纯铁橄榄石Fa100和圣卡罗橄榄石Fa10混合物经人工合成得到,试件的几何形状为圆柱体,直径9.6mm,高度4... 详细信息

本文利用高温高压大变形扭转实验,对富铁橄榄石大变形情况下的动态重结晶和颗粒尺度变化的特点进行了实验观测分析。富铁橄榄石集合体由纯铁橄榄石Fa100和圣卡罗橄榄石Fa10混合物经人工合成得到,试件的几何形状为圆柱体,直径9.6mm,高度4.86mm。实验在常角速率条件下进行,温度为1473K,围压为300MPa,剪应力为72～99MPa,剪应变率为1.35×10-4～3.11×10-4s-1,累积剪应变为3.98。对变形后样品的微结构进行了光学和扫描电镜的观测分析,得到橄榄石颗粒随应变增加而产生动态重结晶的具体物理图像,由EBSD观测结果给出了晶格取向随外加应变增加而产生的变化过程,利用两种统计方法得到了颗粒尺寸随应变增加而变化的过程,探讨了橄榄石动态重结晶的微观机制。与已有三轴压缩、简单剪切以及圣卡罗橄榄石的扭转变形结果进行了对比分析,同时对实验结果在地球物理方面的应用进行了讨论。

关键词：扭转大变形橄榄石动态重结晶晶格最优取向(LPO) 颗粒尺寸高温高压实验观测

Trafficking of Vietnamese women and girls for marriage in China

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Global Health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 55-63页

作者： Heidi Stöckl Ligia Kiss Jobst Koehler Dung Thuy Dong Cathy zimmerman Gender Violence and Health Centre Department of Global Health and DevelopmentFaculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine15-17 Tavistock PlaceLondon WC1H 9SEUK IOM Vietnam Ho Chi MinhVietnam

Background:Bride-trafficking has been a growing phenomenon in Southeast Asia,particularly in China,where one-child policies have resulted in demographic imbalances favoring ***,empirical evidence about women and girls sold into marriage in China remains ***:This study describes the experiences of 51 Vietnamese women and girls as young as 14 in post-trafficking services who were sold into marriage in China.A consecutive sample of individuals from five services in Vietnam were invited to be interviewed within the first 2 weeks of *** is part of a wider dataset for research on the health of men,women,and children in post-trafficking services in Cambodia,Thailand,and Vietnam,the largest study to date on human trafficking and *** calculated proportions for all variables and conducted bivariate analyses using Fisher Exact Tests for their associations with mental health disorders ***:Before leaving home,31%(n=15)participants were *** reported high levels of sexual violence(n=43;86%)while trafficked and59%(n=30)spent time in detention before returning to *** in post-trafficking care 52.9%(n=27)reported probable depression,anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorders(PTSD),two women(4%)attempted suicide in the past month and 38(75%)remained afraid of their ***(22%)became pregnant while trafficked,and seven(16%)were pregnant at the ***:The cross-border bride trade between Vietnam and China raises complex policy issues,including questions about detention and immigration rights and strategies for supported return processes,including maternal and child health *** the repercussions of China’s absent female population will persist,Vietnam and China must grapple with the political and social conditions to implement prevention strategies,and resources for women who fall prey to this cross-border bride trade.

关键词： Human trafficking Vietnam China Forced marriage Mental health and violence against women