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Secure Channel Estimation Using Norm Estimation Model for 5G Next Generation Wireless Networks

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1151-1169页

作者： Khalil Ullah song Jian Muhammad Naeem Ul Hassan Suliman Khan Mohammad Babar Arshad Ahmad Shafiq Ahmad Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500China Department of Computer Science Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyHavelianAbbottabad22500Pakistan Department of Computing and Electronics Engineering Middle East CollegeMuscat124Oman Department of CS&IT Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology MangHaripur22621Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11421Saudi Arabia

The emergence of next generation networks(NextG),including 5G and beyond,is reshaping the technological landscape of cellular and mobile *** networks are sufficiently scaled to interconnect billions of users and *** in academia and industry are focusing on technological advancements to achieve highspeed transmission,cell planning,and latency reduction to facilitate emerging applications such as virtual reality,the metaverse,smart cities,smart health,and autonomous *** continuously improves its network functionality to support these *** input multiple output(MIMO)technology offers spectral efficiency,dependability,and overall performance in *** article proposes a secure channel estimation technique in MIMO topology using a norm-estimation model to provide comprehensive insights into protecting NextG network components against adversarial *** technique aims to create long-lasting and secure NextG networks using this extended *** viability of MIMO applications and modern AI-driven methodologies to combat cybersecurity threats are explored in this ***,the proposed model demonstrates high performance in terms of reliability and accuracy,with a 20%reduction in the MalOut-RealOut-Diff metric compared to existing state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Next generation networks massive mimo communication network artificial intelligence 5G adversarial attacks channel estimation information security

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Exit options sustain altruistic punishment and decrease the second-order free-riders, but it is not a panacea

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 278-291页

作者： Chen SHEN Zhao song Lei SHI Jun TANIMOTO Zhen WANG Faculty of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University School of Statistics and Mathematics Yunnan University of Finance and Economics School of Computing Engineering and Digital Technologies Teesside University School of Artificial Intelligence OPtics and Electro Nics (iOPEN) Northwestern Polytechnical University

Why do humans punish free riders at their own expense? This behavior represents an evolutionary puzzle in human societies. This study explores the role of exit strategies in fostering altruistic punishment within evolutionary game theory. We extend the traditional prisoner's dilemma model by incorporating exiters, players who opt out for a small payoff while nullifying their opponent's payoff, and altruistic punishers who cooperate and punish non-cooperators. Our findings indicate that in well-mixed populations, exiters destabilize defection but do not promote altruistic punishment. In social networks, however,exiters enable altruistic punishment via cyclic dominance among altruistic punishers, defectors, and exiters. Notably, this cyclic dominance is sensitive to exit payoffs; adjustments can lead to cyclic dominance of non-punishing cooperators, defectors, and exiters, or to a bi-stable state between these two types of cyclic dominance. These results highlight the nuanced impact of exiters on altruistic punishment, emphasizing the need for careful incentivization of exit behavior. While exiters can support altruistic punishment in networked populations, their effectiveness is not a panacea and is highly sensitive to exit payoffs, indicating limits to the voluntary participation mechanism.

关键词： evolutionary game theory altruistic punishment coexistence cyclic dominance bi-stable

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De novo synthesis of atropisomeric benzofurans via Cu/SPDO complex catalyzed asymmetric formal [3 + 2] annulation

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 174-180页

作者： Fan-Xiao Meng Xing-Yu Wang Ka Lu Ju-song Yang Fu-Min Zhang Ai-Jun Ma Bao Du Yong-Qiang Tu State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University

Herein, the de novo synthesis of atropisomeric benzofurans through the Cu/spirocyclic-pyrrolidine-oxazoline(SPDO) complex catalyze asymmetric formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition between quinones and ynamides is explored, producing a range of structurally diverse axially chiral benzofurans in satisfactory yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations were applied to explain the possible reaction mechanism.

关键词： benzofuran atropisomers novel de novo synthetic strategy asymmetric formal [3 + 2] cycladdition Cu/SPDO complex DFT calculations

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Simulation and analysis of the long-term impacts of 1.5°C global climate pledges on China's land systems

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年

作者： Jiaying LV Changqing song Yifan GAO Sijing YE Peichao GAO State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Center for GeoData and Analysis Beijing Normal University

Global warming has become a shared issue for humanity. At the 26th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2021, participating countries reached climate pledges aimed at making more proactive contributions to limit the global average temperature rise within 1.5°C by 2100. Land system changes are significant responses of land to climate change. As one of the contracting parties, China has proposed climate targets such as carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals in recent years to support the global pledges of limiting global warming to1.5°C, which will profoundly impact China's future land system changes. This study focuses on China as the study area,produces data with a thematic resolution of 27 types of land systems, integrates the output of various land types by the Global Change Assessment Model(GCAM) into four categories of land service demand, and combines these with the improved CLUMondo model to simulate China's land system changes in 2100 under a 1.5°C global warming scenario and a reference scenario without updated emission reduction measures. The conclusions of this study are as follows:(1) The method of integrating the GCAM and improved CLUMondo model demonstrates high validation accuracy in simulating China's land system changes, effectively predicting the changes.(2) Under the 1.5°C global warming scenario, the quality of ecosystems related to mountains, water, forests, farmland, lakes, and grasslands in China improved. The areas of shrubland, wetland, and forest are projected to increase by 185%, 79%, and 33%, respectively, with low-density shrubland, high-density wetland, and high-density forest showing the most significant increases.(3) Compared with the reference scenario, the 1.5°C climate pledges drive greater changes in future land systems, with wetland and forest area growth levels exceeding those of the reference scenario by 20% and 10%, respectively. Notably, the changes in cropland, grasslan

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Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis, promotes microglial M1 polarization, and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 858-872页

作者： Xintian Ding Chun Chen Heng Zhao Bin Dai Lei Ye Tao song Shuai Huang Jia Wang Tao You Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedics Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Reducing the secondary inflammatory response, which is partly mediated by microglia, is a key focus in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, is widely expressed in the human body and plays a role in inflammation through various mechanisms. Therefore, SHP2 is considered a potential target for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. However, its role in secondary inflammation after spinal cord injury remains unclear. In this study, SHP2 was found to be abundantly expressed in microglia at the site of spinal cord injury. Inhibition of SHP2 expression using siRNA and SHP2 inhibitors attenuated the microglial inflammatory response in an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced model of inflammation. Notably, after treatment with SHP2 inhibitors, mice with spinal cord injury exhibited significantly improved hind limb locomotor function and reduced residual urine volume in the bladder. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that, in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, inhibiting SHP2 expression promoted M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization. Finally, a co-culture experiment was conducted to assess the effect of microglia treated with SHP2 inhibitors on neuronal cells. The results demonstrated that inflammatory factors produced by microglia promoted neuronal apoptosis, while inhibiting SHP2 expression mitigated these effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that SHP2 enhances secondary inflammation and neuronal damage subsequent to spinal cord injury by modulating microglial phenotype. Therefore, inhibiting SHP2 alleviates the inflammatory response in mice with spinal cord injury and promotes functional recovery postinjury.

关键词： apoptosis glycolysis inflammatory response microglia neurons polarization spinal cord injury Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2

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Exploration of Gas‑Dependent Self‑Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu_(2)O for Electrochemical CO_(2)Conversion to Multi‑Carbon Products

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 280-296页

作者： Chaoran Zhang Yichuan Gu Qu Jiang Ziyang Sheng Ruohan Feng Sihong Wang Haoyue Zhang Qianqing Xu Zijian Yuan Fang song State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China

Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),whereas the behavior is by far superficially ***,we report that CO_(2)accessibility results in a universal self-adaptive structural reconstruction from Cu_(2)O to Cu@CuxO composites,ending with feeding gas-dependent microstructures and catalytic *** CO_(2)-rich atmosphere favors reconstruction for CO_(2)RR,whereas the CO_(2)-deficient one prefers that for hydrogen evolution *** the assistance of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations,we uncover a CO_(2)-induced passivation behavior by identifying a reductionresistant but catalytic active Cu(I)-rich amorphous layer stabilized by*CO ***,we find extra CO production is indispensable for the robust production of *** inverse correlation between durability and FECO/FEC2H4 is disclosed,suggesting that the selfstabilization process involving the absorption of*CO intermediates on Cu(I)sites is essential for durable *** by this insight,we design hollow Cu_(2)O nanospheres for durable and selective CO_(2)RR electrolysis in producing *** work recognizes the previously overlooked passivation reconstruction and self-stabilizing behavior and highlights the critical role of the local atmosphere in modulating reconstruction and catalytic processes.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction reaction Electrocatalysts Cu_(2)O Reconstruction Self-adaptive electrocatalysis

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Multilevel analysis of the central-peripheral-target organ pathway:contributing to recovery after peripheral nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2807-2822页

作者： Xizi song Ruixin Li Xiaolei Chu Qi Li Ruihua Li Qingwen Li Kai-Yu Tong Xiaosong Gu Dong Ming Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Machine Interface and Human-Machine Fusion TianjinChina Department of Rehabilitation Tianjin University Tianjin HospitalTianjinChina Department of Hand Microsurgery Tianjin University Tianjin HospitalTianjinChina School of Exercise and Health Tianjin University of SportTianjinChina Department of Biomedical Engineering the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and *** on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target *** has led to restrictions on current therapeutic *** this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target *** peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal *** nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury *** damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor *** then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve *** main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical ***,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ ***,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.

关键词： central nervous system central peripheral target organ multilevel pathological analysis nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury peripheral nervous system target organs therapeutic approach

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MoS_(2)Lubricate‑Toughened MXene/ANF Composites for Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 358-371页

作者： Jiaen Wang Wei Ming Longfu Chen Tianliang song Moxi Yele Hao Zhang Long Yang Gegen Sarula Benliang Liang Luting Yan Guangsheng Wang School of Physical Science and Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Bio‑Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191People’s Republic of China

The design and fabrication of high toughness electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composite films with diminished reflection are an imperative task to solve electromagnetic pollution *** MXene/ANF(aramid nanofibers)–MoS_(2)composite films with nacre-like layered structure here are fabricated after the introduction of MoS_(2)into binary MXene/ANF composite *** introduction of MoS_(2)fulfills an impressive“kill three birds with one stone”improvement effect:lubrication toughening mechanical performance,reduction in secondary reflection pollution of electromagnetic wave,and improvement in the performance of photothermal *** the introduction of MoS_(2)into binary MXene/ANF(mass ratio of 50:50),the strain to failure and tensile strength increase from 22.1±1.7%and 105.7±6.4 MPa and to 25.8±0.7%and 167.3±9.1 MPa,*** toughness elevates from 13.0±4.1 to 26.3±0.8 MJ m^(−3)(~102.3%)*** the reflection shielding effectiveness(SE_(R))of MXene/ANF(mass ratio of 50:50)decreases~10.8%.EMI shielding effectiveness(EMI SE)elevates to 41.0 dB(8.2–12.4 GHz);After the introduction of MoS_(2)into binary MXene/ANF(mass ratio of 60:40),the strain to failure increases from 18.3±1.9%to 28.1±0.7%(~53.5%),the SE_(R)decreases~22.2%,and the corresponding EMI SE is 43.9 *** MoS_(2)also leads to a more efficient photothermal conversion performance(~45 to~55℃).Additionally,MXene/ANF–MoS_(2)composite films exhibit excellent electric heating performance,quick temperature elevation(15 s),excellent cycle stability(2,2.5,and 3 V),and long-term stability(2520 s).Combining with excellent mechanical performance with high MXene content,electric heating performance,and photothermal conversion performance,EMI shielding ternary MXene/ANF–MoS_(2)composite films could be applied in many industrial *** work broadens how to achieve a balance between mechanical properties and versatility of composites in the case of high-function fillers.

关键词： MXene-MoS_(2) Lubrication toughening EMI shielding Photothermal conversion Electric heating performance

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饱和土不排水计算理论与方法探究

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岩土工程学报 2025年第1期47卷 1-29页

作者：宋二祥清华大学土木水利学院北京100084

饱和土不排水强度及变形计算是岩土工程中颇具难度的复杂课题,至今业内对其多方面的问题仍存争议。结合笔者多年的相关学习研究,对此课题进行了较系统深入的探究。首先讨论了饱和土不排水计算的总应力法与有效应力法及各自的局限,并从... 详细信息

饱和土不排水强度及变形计算是岩土工程中颇具难度的复杂课题,至今业内对其多方面的问题仍存争议。结合笔者多年的相关学习研究,对此课题进行了较系统深入的探究。首先讨论了饱和土不排水计算的总应力法与有效应力法及各自的局限,并从有限元基本方程阐述了孔隙水压的处理,指出不管采用何种方法均应注意区分两类孔隙水压和两种总应力,即“土水分算”。随后,审视了Skempton-Henkel超静水压计算公式对不同应力路径的计算准确性,将它与MC强度准则相结合构建了饱和土不排水强度模型,对等向固结与不等向固结下饱和土不排水强度特性进行了分析,可为实际工程计算中强度参数选取提供参考。建议实际不排水计算采用广义Tresca强度准则,针对采用MC强度准则按有效应力法进行不排水计算会有较大误差的问题,除指出应直接输入不排水强度外,还给出一种采用等代强度参数的处理方法。在上述讨论基础上,剖析了固结不排水强度指标(CU指标)的缺陷,指出仅当土中总应力路径与测定CU指标的试验中相同时,用此指标直接计算才能给出准确的结果,特别是对地基承载力问题直接用此指标计算会给出严重偏危险的结果。还对基坑工程中主动、被动土水压力采用CU指标并土水合算的问题进行了分析,建议了合理计算方法及相应公式;对发生不排水极限土压时的滑移面倾角这一业内多人深感困惑的问题也进行了探讨。最后,针对饱和地基承载力及短期沉降计算,剖析了业内现行方法的问题,在深入解读有关因素影响机理的基础上给出新的计算方法。所给承载力计算公式,可较准确统一计算排水和不排水条件下的承载力,能更好保证设计的安全经济;所给沉降计算新方法能较准确计算饱和地基的短期沉降,对地基的排水沉降也可望取得较好结果,值得进一步发展完善。

关键词：饱和黏性土不排水强度超静水压固结不排水强度指标地基承载力地基沉降

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Internal Spatial Differences in a Large Country: Consumer Price and Inequalities

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China Economist 2021年第4期16卷 101-114页

作者： song Ze Liu zilan Zou Hong School of Economics Nankai UniversityTianjinChina Business School Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina School of Economics Southwestern University of Finance and Economics(SWUFE)ChengduChina

Unbalanced price changes across regions cause consumption inequalities within a large *** consumer demand system model,this paper estimated the dynamic changes of the true-cost-of-living index(TCLI)and consumption inequalities in *** indicate urban households experienced a rising TCLI from 2002 to 2014,among which,Liaoning increased the most and Guangdong the ***’s TCLI was the highest and Sichuan the lowest over the same *** 2008,the unbalanced rise of consumer price has gradually diminished,and gaps between real and nominal consumption inequalities have ***,real consumption inequalities continue to rise,and low-income groups are affected the most by inflation.

关键词： spatial price differences true-cost-of-living index consumption inequalities

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