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The gut microbiome modulate response to immunotherapy in cancer

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Shan-Shan Jiang zi-Ran Kang Ying-Xuan Chen Jing-yuan Fang Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Gut microbiota have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. Currently, clinical studies have identified specific gut microbiota and its metabolites associated with efficacy of immunotherapy in multiple types of *** investigations have elucidated that gut microbiota modulate the antitumor immunity and affect the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Certain microbiota and its metabolites may favorably remodel the tumor microenvironment by engaging innate and/or adaptive immune cells. Understanding how the gut microbiome interacts with cancer immunotherapy opens new avenues for improving treatment strategies. Fecal microbial transplants, probiotics, dietary interventions, and other strategies targeting the microbiota have shown promise in preclinical studies to enhance the immunotherapy. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating these approaches. This review presents the recent advancements in understanding the dynamic interplay among the host immunity, the microbiome, and cancer immunotherapy, as well as strategies for modulating the microbiome, with a view to translating into clinical applications.

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Acceptance and Factors Associated With Participation in Functional Cure–Related Trials Among People Living With HIV: A Cross-sectional Study in Southern China

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2024年第1期6卷 11-19页

作者： Zhaomin Deng Minjuan Shi Yue yuan GuangjinCao Chunyan Wen Lijuan Chen Xueying Fan Linan Wu Jianhui yuan Huachun zou Linghua Li Caijun Sun School of Public Health(Shenzhen) Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina Department of Diseases Control Panyu District Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhouChina Infectious Disease Center Guangzhou Eighth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShenzhenChina Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control(Sun Yat-sen University) Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina

HIV remains a global health challenge,and research efforts directed towards a functional cure require people living with HIV(PLHIV)in-volvement in clinical *** study assessed willingness to participate in HIV functional cure–related clinical trials and associated factors among PLHIV in Guangzhou,China,using a questionnaire survey *** analyzed responses from 718 questionnaires,finding that 71.2%were willing to participate in Phase Ⅲtrials,while 51.7%were willing to participate in Phase I trials and 42.9%expressed acceptability for analytic treatment *** logistic regression demonstrated that male PLHIV,those with awareness of functional cure,and PLHIV,who had been on antiretroviral therapy(ART)for less than 1 year,were more willing to partic-ipate in Phase Ⅲ*** with a body mass index greater than 24,and those without resistance to ART drug were more willing to participate in Phase I *** major motivations for participation in Phase Ⅲtrials were access to cutting-edge treatments(62.6%)and supporting research(55.3%).Safety was the main concern contributing to *** study revealed a high willingness to participate in HIV functional cure–related trials among PLHIV in Guangzhou,China,and willingness varied across different trial phases and was influenced by multiple *** study provides valuable references for future clinical trial recruitment strategies and public health policy formulation.

关键词： people living with HIV functional cure clinical trials willingness

Development of a diagnostic nomogram for alpha-fetoproteinnegative hepatocellular carcinoma based on serological biomarkers

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2463-2475页

作者： Li He Cui Zhang Lan-Lan Liu Li-Ping Huang Wen-Jing Lu yuan-yuan Zhang De-Yong zou Yu-Fei Wang Qing Zhang Xiao-Li Yang School of Clinical Medicine Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Organ Transplantation The Third Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039China Department of Laboratory Medicine The Third Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039China Department of Laboratory Medicine Jingyu County People’s HospitalBaishan 135200Jilin ProvinceChina School of Laboratory Medicine Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related death *** biomarkers play an important role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of *** a certain percentage of HCC patients are negative for alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),the diagnosis of AFP-negative HCC is essential to improve the detection rate of *** To establish an effective model for diagnosing AFP-negative HCC based on serum tumour *** A total of 180 HCC patients were enrolled in this *** expression levels of GP73,des-γ-carboxyprothrombin(DCP),CK18-M65,and CK18-M30 were detected by a fully automated chemiluminescence *** variables were selected by logistic regression *** models were constructed using stepwise backward logistic *** performance of the models was compared using the C statistic,integrated discrimination improvement,net reclassification improvement,and calibration *** clinical utility of the nomogram was assessed using decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS The results showed that the expression levels of GP73,DCP,CK18-M65,and CK18-M30 were significantly greater in AFP-negative HCC patients than in healthy controls(P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that GP73,DCP,and CK18-M65 were independent factors for diagnosing AFP-negative *** comparing the diagnostic performance of multiple models,we included GP73 and CK18-M65 as the model variables,and the model had good discrimination ability(area under the curve=0.946)and good goodness of *** DCA curves indicated the good clinical utility of the *** Our study identified GP73 and CK18-M65 as serum biomarkers with certain application value in the diagnosis of AFP-negative *** diagnostic nomogram based on CK18-M65 combined with GP73 demonstrated good performance and effectively identified high-risk groups of patients with HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Alpha-fetoprotein-negative Diagnostic Nomogram Biomarker

Development and validation of a model integrating clinical and coronary lesion-based functional assessment for longterm risk prediction in PCI patients

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第1期21卷 44-63页

作者： Shao-Yu WU Rui ZHANG Sheng yuan Zhong-Xing CAI Chang-Dong GUAN Tong-Qiang zou Li-Hua XIE Ke-Fei DOU State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease BeijingChina Cardiometabolic Medicine Center Fu Wai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Catheterization Laboratories Fu Wai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of Cardiology Fu Wai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

OBJECTIVES To establish a scoring system combining the ACEF score and the quantitative blood flow ratio(QFR) to improve the long-term risk prediction of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).METHODS In this population-based cohort study, a total of 46 features, including patient clinical and coronary lesion characteristics, were assessed for analysis through machine learning models. The ACEF-QFR scoring system was developed using 1263consecutive cases of CAD patients after PCI in PANDA Ⅲ trial database. The newly developed score was then validated on the other remaining 542 patients in the *** In both the Random Forest Model and the Deep Surv Model, age, renal function(creatinine), cardiac function(LVEF)and post-PCI coronary physiological index(QFR) were identified and confirmed to be significant predictive factors for 2-year adverse cardiac events. The ACEF-QFR score was constructed based on the developmental dataset and computed as age(years)/EF(%) + 1(if creatinine ≥ 2.0 mg/d L) + 1(if post-PCI QFR ≤ 0.92). The performance of the ACEF-QFR scoring system was preliminarily evaluated in the developmental dataset, and then further explored in the validation dataset. The ACEF-QFR score showed superior discrimination(C-statistic = 0.651;95% CI: 0.611-0.691, P < 0.05 versus post-PCI physiological index and other commonly used risk scores) and excellent calibration(Hosmer–Lemeshow χ^(2)= 7.070;P = 0.529) for predicting 2-year patient-oriented composite endpoint(POCE). The good prognostic value of the ACEF-QFR score was further validated by multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis(adjusted HR = 1.89;95% CI: 1.18–3.04;log-rank P < 0.01) after stratified the patients into high-risk group and low-risk *** An improved scoring system combining clinical and coronary lesion-based functional variables(ACEF-QFR)was developed, and its ability for prognostic prediction in patients with PCI was further validated to be signi

关键词： patients coronary prediction

Population genomic analysis reveals key genetic variations and the driving force for embryonic callus induction capability in maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2178-2195页

作者： Peng Liu Langlang Ma Siyi Jian Yao He Guangsheng yuan Fei Ge Zhong Chen Chaoying zou Guangtang Pan Thomas Lübberstedt Yaou Shen State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Genetic transformation has been an effective technology for improving the agronomic traits of ***,it is highly reliant on the use of embryonic callus(EC)and shows a serious genotype *** this study,we performed genomic sequencing for 80 core maize germplasms and constructed a high-density genomic variation map using our newly developed pipeline(MQ2Gpipe).Based on the induction rate of EC(REC),these inbred lines were categorized into three *** low-REC germplasms displayed more abundant genetic diversity than the high-REC *** integrating a genome-wide selective signature screen and region-based association analysis,we revealed 95.23 Mb of selective regions and 43 REC-associated *** variants had phenotypic variance explained values ranging between 21.46 and 49.46%.In total,103 candidate genes were identified within the linkage disequilibrium regions of these REC-associated *** genes mainly participate in regulation of the cell cycle,regulation of cytokinesis,and other functions,among which MYB15 and EMB2745 were located within the previously reported QTL for EC *** leaf area-associated variants with large effects were closely linked to several REC-related loci,implying a potential synergistic selection of REC and leaf size during modern maize breeding.

关键词： maize genetic transformation embryonic callus selective signal association analysis

Spectrally resolved Franson interference

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 11-17页

作者： Rui-Bo Jin zi-Qi Zeng Dan Xu Chen-Zhi yuan Bai-Hong Li You Wang Ryosuke Shimizu Masahiro Takeoka Mikio Fujiwara Masahide Sasaki Pei-Xiang Lu Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China School of Physics and Information Science Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710021China Southwest Institute of Technical Physics Chengdu 610041China Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering University of Electro-CommunicationsTokyo 182-8585Japan Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Keio UniversityKanagawa 223-8522Japan National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Tokyo 184-8795Japan

Franson interference can be used to test the nonlocal features of energy-time entanglement and has become a standard in quantum ***,most of the previous Franson interference experiments were demonstrated in the time domain,and the spectral properties of Franson interference have not been fully ***,we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate spectrally resolved Franson interference using biphotons with different correlations,including positive correlation,negative correlation,and *** is found that the joint spectral intensities of the biphotons can be modulated along both the signal and idler directions,which has potential applications in generating high-dimensional frequency entanglement and time-frequency grid *** work may provide a new perspective for understanding the spectral-temporal properties of the Franson interferometer.

关键词： resolved correlation spectral

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult patients with sepsis and septic shock: Why, how, when, and for whom

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 62-72页

作者： Hongling Zhang Youdong Xu Xin Huang Shunyin Yang Ruiting Li Yongran Wu Xiaojing zou yuan Yu You Shang Department of Critical Care Medicine Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430022China Department of Intensive Care Unit Affiliated Lu’an HospitalAnhui Medical UniversityLu’anAnhui237000China

Sepsis and septic shock remain the leading causes of death in intensive care *** patients with sepsis fail to respond to routine treatment and rapidly progress to refractory respiratory and circulatory failure,necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO).However,the role of ECMO in adult patients with sepsis has not been fully *** to existing studies,ECMO may be a viable salvage therapy in carefully selected adult patients with *** choice of venovenous,venoarterial,or hybrid ECMO modes is primarily determined by the patient’s oxygenation and hemodynamics(distributive shock with preserved cardiac output,septic cardiomyopathy(left,right,or biventricular heart failure),or right ventricular failure caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome).Veno-venous ECMO can be used in patients with sepsis and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome when conventional mechanical ventilation fails,and early application of veno-arterial ECMO in patients with sepsis-induced refractory cardiogenic shock may be critical in improving their chances of *** ECMO is indicated,the choice of an appropriate mode and determination of the optimal timing of initiation and weaning are critical,particularly in an experienced ECMO ***,some special issues,such as ECMO flow,anticoagulation,and antibiotic therapy,should be noted during the management of ECMO support.

关键词： Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Sepsis Shock Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) Septic cardiomyopathy Mod

I-DCGAN and TOPSIS-IFP:A simulation generation model for radiographic flaw detection images in light alloy castings and an algorithm for quality evaluation of generated images

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China Foundry 2024年第3期21卷 239-247页

作者： Ming-jun Hou Hao Dong Xiao-yuan Ji Wen-bing zou Xiang-sheng Xia Meng Li Ya-jun Yin Bao-hui Li Qiang Chen Jian-xin Zhou State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Xinjiang Technology(Jiangsu)Co. Ltd.Nantong 226100JiangsuChina Southwest Technique and Engineering Research Institute Chongqing 400039China Shanghai Spaceflight Precision Machinery Institute Shanghai 201600China

The intelligent detection technology driven by X-ray images and deep learning represents the forefront of advanced techniques and development trends in flaw detection and automated evaluation of light alloy ***,the efficacy of deep learning models hinges upon a substantial abundance of flaw *** existing research on X-ray image augmentation for flaw detection suffers from shortcomings such as poor diversity of flaw samples and low reliability of quality *** this end,a novel approach was put forward,which involves the creation of the Interpolation-Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network(I-DCGAN)for flaw detection image generation and a comprehensive evaluation algorithm named TOPSIS-IFP.I-DCGAN enables the generation of high-resolution,diverse simulated images with multiple appearances,achieving an improvement in sample diversity and quality while maintaining a relatively lower computational ***-IFP facilitates multi-dimensional quality evaluation,including aspects such as diversity,authenticity,image distribution difference,and image distortion *** results indicate that the X-ray radiographic images of magnesium and aluminum alloy castings achieve optimal performance when trained up to the 800th and 600th epochs,*** TOPSIS-IFP value reaches 78.7%and 73.8%similarity to the ideal solution,*** to single index evaluation,the TOPSIS-IFP algorithm achieves higher-quality simulated images at the optimal training *** approach successfully mitigates the issue of unreliable quality associated with single index *** image generation and comprehensive quality evaluation method developed in this paper provides a novel approach for image augmentation in flaw recognition,holding significant importance for enhancing the robustness of subsequent flaw recognition networks.

关键词： light alloy casting flaw detection image generator discriminator comprehensive evaluation index

Effectiveness of cardioneuroablation in different subtypes of vasovagal syncope

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第6期21卷 651-657页

作者： Bin TU zi-Hao LAI Ai-Yue CHEN Zhi-yuan WENG Si-Min CAI Zhu-Xin ZHANG Li-Kun ZHOU Li-Hui ZHENG Yan YAO Arrhythmia Center Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesNational Key LaboratoryChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Cardiac Center Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Cardiovascular Department The First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFujian Institute of HypertensionFujianChina Department of Cardiovascular The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina

BACKGROUND Cardioneuroablation(CNA)has shown encouraging results in patients with vasovagal syncope(VVS).However,data on different subtypes was *** This observational study retrospectively enrolled 141 patients[mean age:40±18 years,51 males(36.2%)]with the diagnosis of *** characteristics among different types of VVS and the outcomes after CNA were *** After a mean follow-up of 4.3±1.5 years,41 patients(29.1%)experienced syncope/pre-syncope events after ***/pre-syncope recurrence significantly differed in each subtype(P=0.04).The cardioinhibitory type of VVS had the lowest recurrence rate after the procedure(n=6,16.7%),followed by mixed(n=26,30.6%)and vasodepressive(n=9,45.0%).Additionally,a significant difference was observed in the analyses of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve(P=0.02).Syncope/pre-syncope burden was significantly reduced after CNA in the vasodepressive type(P<0.01).Vasodepressive types with recurrent syncope/pre-syncope after CNA have a lower baseline deceleration capacity(DC)level than those without(7.4±1.0 ms vs.9.0±1.6 ms,P=0.01).Patients with DC<8.4 ms had an 8.1(HR=8.1,95%CI:2.2-30.0,P=0.02)times risk of syncope/pre-syncope recurrence after CNA compared to patients with DC≥8.4 ms,and this association still existed after adjusting for age and sex(HR=8.1,95%CI:2.2-30.1,P=0.02).CONCLUSIONS Different subtypes exhibit different event-free *** vasodepressive type exhibited the lowest event-free rate,but those patients with DC≥8.4 ms might benefit from CNA.

关键词： syncope subtypes diagnosis