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How Frequently Will the Persistent Heavy Rainfall over the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin in Summer 2020 Happen under Global Warming?

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第10期39卷 1673-1692,I0016,I0017页

作者： zi-an ge Lin CHEN Tim LI Lu WANG Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA

The middle and lower Yangtze River basin(MLYRB)suffered persistent heavy rainfall in summer 2020,with nearly continuous rainfall for about six consecutive *** the likelihood of persistent heavy rainfall resembling that which occurred over the MLYRB in summer 2020(hereafter 2020PHR-like event)would change under global warming is *** index that reflects maximum accumulated precipitation during a consecutive five-week period in summer(Rx35day)is *** accumulated precipitation index in summer 2020 is 60%stronger than the climatology,and a statistical analysis further shows that the 2020 event is a 1-in-70-year *** model projection results derived from the 50-member ensemble of CanESM2 and the multimodel ensemble(MME)of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models show that the occurrence probability of the 2020PHR-like event will dramatically increase under global *** on the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test,one-third of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models that have reasonable performance in reproducing the 2020PHR-like event in their historical simulations are selected for the future projection *** CMIP5 and CMIP6 MME results show that the occurrence probability of the 2020PHR-like event under the present-day climate will be double under lower-emission scenarios(CMIP5 RCP4.5,CMIP6 SSP1-2.6,and SSP2-4.5)and 3-5 times greater under higher-emission scenarios(3.0 times for CMIP5 RCP8.5,2.9 times for CMIP6 SSP3-7.0,and 4.8 times for CMIP6 SSP5-8.5).The inter-model spread of the probability change is small,lending confidence to the projection *** results provide a scientific reference for mitigation of and adaptation to future climate change.

关键词： persistent heavy rainfall middle and lower Yangtze River basin future projection CMIP5 and CMIP6 models generalized extreme value(geV)distribution

Quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories on superconducting circuits:Quantum phase transition and quench dynamics

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第2期31卷 217-222页

作者： zi-Yong ge Rui-Zhen Huang zi-Yang Meng Heng Fan Beijing Nntional Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Kuvli Institute for Theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics The University of Hong Kong.Hong Kong SARChina CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100190 China

Recently,quantum simulation of low-dimensional lattice gauge theories(LGTs)has attracted many interests,which may improve our understanding of strongly correlated quantum many-body ***,we propose an implementation to approximate Z;LGT on superconducting quantum circuits,where the effective theory is a mixture of a LGT and a gauge-broken *** using matrix product state based methods,both the ground state properties and quench dynamics are systematically *** an increase of the transverse(electric)field,the system displays a quantum phase transition from a disordered phase to a translational symmetry breaking *** the ordered phase,an approximate Gauss law of the Z;LGT emerges in the ground ***,to shed light on the experiments,we also study the quench dynamics,where there is a dynamical signature of the spontaneous translational symmetry *** spreading of the single particle of matter degree is diffusive under the weak transverse field,while it is ballistic with small velocity for the strong ***,due to the emergent Gauss law under the strong transverse field,the matter degree can also exhibit confinement dynamics which leads to a strong suppression of the nearest-neighbor *** results pave the way for simulating the LGT on superconducting circuits,including the quantum phase transition and quench dynamics.

关键词： quantum simulation superconducting circuits lattice gauge theories

Observation of Two-Photon Induced Excited-State Absorption Phenomena in C_(60) and C_(70) Derivatives

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第8期29卷 247-249页

作者： OUYANG Xin-Hua LU Liang ge zi-Yi Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201

Four fullerene dyads with different cabazole units,named a,b,c,d,were studied by using a femtosecond laser with 780 nm wavelength using Z-scan ***,all of them show strong two-photon induced excited-state absorption behaviors,which were observed firstly in femtosecond *** values of their excited-state absorption cross-section were up to 6.07×10^(-18),7.27×10^(-18),3.86×10^(-18) and 4.51×10^(-18) cm^(-1) for a,b,c,and d,respectively.

关键词： femtosecond methods excited

Anthropogenic influence on the occurrence of extreme drought like that in eastern China in 2019

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2023年第3期16卷 7-13页

作者： Yuqing Li Lin Chen Yinjun Zhang Xiaojun Wei Ming Sun zi-an ge Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

2019年夏秋季中国东部遭遇了七十年一遇的强持续性极端干旱事件.本文借助于CMIP6检测归因模式比较计划(DAMIP)数据,量化了人为强迫对类似2019年极端干旱事件发生概率的影响.通过比较不同外强迫因子作用下此类极端干旱事件的发生概率,发... 详细信息

2019年夏秋季中国东部遭遇了七十年一遇的强持续性极端干旱事件.本文借助于CMIP6检测归因模式比较计划(DAMIP)数据,量化了人为强迫对类似2019年极端干旱事件发生概率的影响.通过比较不同外强迫因子作用下此类极端干旱事件的发生概率,发现人为强迫可使此类极端干旱事件的发生概率提高8倍左右.进一步研究发现人为强迫引起的海表温度增暖是经向不均匀的,对应海洋大陆附近存在一个增暖大值中心,从而增强海洋大陆地区平均上升环流,通过局地Hadley环流作用导致中国东部地区平均垂直环流出现异常下沉,最终有利于中国东部极端干旱事件发生概率增加.该研究表明,人为强迫通过调制气候平均背景场从而引起极端事件发生频次的变化是人类活动影响极端气候事件的重要途径之一.

关键词：极端干旱中国东部归因分析人为强迫

Cloud Radiative Feedbacks during the ENSO Cycle Simulated by CAMS-CSM

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第4期33卷 666-677页

作者： Lin CHEN Lijuan HUA Xinyao RONG Jian LI Lu WANG Guo ZHANG Ming SUN zi'an ge Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

This study evaluated the simulated cloud radiative feedbacks(CRF)during the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)cycle in the latest version of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences climate system model(CAMS-CSM).We conducted two experimental model simulations:the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project(AMIP),forced by the observed sea surface temperature(SST);and the preindustrial control(PIcontrol),a coupled run without flux *** found that both the experiments generally reproduced the observed features of the shortwave and longwave cloud radiative forcing(SWCRF and LWCRF)*** AMIP run exhibited better simulation performance in the magnitude and spatial distribution than the PIcontrol ***,the simulation biases in SWCRF and LWCRF feedbacks were linked to the biases in the representation of the corresponding total cloud cover and precipitation *** is interesting to further find that the simulation bias originating in the atmospheric component was amplified in the PIcontrol run,indicating that the coupling aggravated the simulation *** the PIcontrol run exhibited an apparent mean SST cold bias over the cold tongue,the precipitation response to the SST anomaly(SSTA)changes during the ENSO cycle occurred towards the relatively warmer western equatorial ***,the corresponding cloud cover and CRF shifted westward and showed a weaker magnitude in the PIcontrol run versus observational *** contrast,the AMIP run was forced by the observational SST,hence representing a more realistic *** results demonstrate the challenges of simulating CRF in coupled *** study also underscores the necessity of realistically representing the climatological mean state when simulating CRF during the ENSO cycle.

关键词： ENSO CAMS climate system model cloud radiative feedbacks ENSO cycle

Optimization of Ethylene Glycol Doped PEDOT:PSS Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells by Drop-coating Method

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2019年第8期37卷 760-766页

作者： Hui-Qin Cui Rui-Xiang Peng Wei Song Jian-Feng Zhang Jia-Ming Huang Li-Qiang Zhu zi-Yi ge Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes(FTEs) is one of the core technologies in the field of flexible electronics. Among multiple choices of FTEs, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonic acid)(PEDOT:PSS) has shown its promising application in roll-to-roll manufacturing. A simple yet effective method for substantially boosting the conductivity of these conducting polymer films without causing large-domain aggregations is by adding ethylene glycol(EG) as dopant. Herein, we investigated in detail the effects of the secondary solvent of ethylene glycol(EG) on the optical and electrical characteristics of PEDOT:PSS films. The modified PEDOT:PSS FTEs were deposited using drop-coating techniques as it had greater compatibility for large-area samples than the conventional spin-coating method did. The 6% EG-doped PEDOT:PSS FTE via drop-coating method achieved a high figure of merit(FoM) value of 47.24 and the devices fabricated using the optimal PEDOT:PSS FTE yielded a high power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 8.89%, mostly attributed to the modified PEDOT:PSS films that had excellent optical and electrical characteristics with low surface roughness. These results suggested that EG-doping could effectively boost the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films and that the modified PEDOT:PSS FTE is suitable for roll-to-roll manufacturing in the future.

关键词： PEDOT:PSS Doping Conductivity Flexible transparent electrodes Organic solar cells

Stability evaluation of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR normalization in Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第9期20卷 2471-2482页

作者： SHU Ben-shui YU Hai-kuo DAI Jing-hua XIE zi-ge QIAN Wan-qiang LIN Jin-tian Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510225P.R.China Agricultural genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120P.R.China

Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)is a reliable and widely used technique for analyzing the expression profiles of target genes in different species,and reference genes with stable expressions have been introduced for the normalization of the ***,stability evaluation should be considered as the initial step for qPCR *** fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda(***)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)is a polyphagous pest that consumes many plant species and seriously threatens corn production around the ***,no studies thus far have examined the stability of reference genes in this *** this study,the expression profiles of the eight candidate reference genes of Actin,elongation factor 1 alpha(EF1α),elongation factor 2(EF2),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),ribosomal protein L3(RPL3),ribosomal protein L13(RPL13),alpha-tubulin(α-TUB),and beta-1-tubulin(β-1-TUB)were obtained from *** in different samples and the stability was evaluated byΔCt,BestKeeper,geNorm,NormFinder,and RefFinder *** results of pairwise variation(V)calculated by geNorm indicated two reference genes could be selected for ***,the combinations of the most stable reference genes for different experimental conditions of *** were shown as follows:EF2 and RPL13 for developmental stages,RPL3 andβ-1-TUB for larval tissue samples,EF2 and EF1αfor the larval samples treated with different temperatures,RPL3 and EF1αfor the larval samples under starvation stress,and RPL13 and EF1αfor all the *** results lay the foundation for the normalization of qPCR analyses in *** and could help guarantee the accuracy of subsequent research.

关键词： Spodoptera frugiperda reference genes qPCR stability evaluation different experimental conditions

Interfacial engineering of holey platinum nanotubes for formic acid electrooxidation boosted water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第2期77卷 209-216,I0006页

作者： zi-Xin ge Yu Ding Tian-Jiao Wang Feng Shi Pu-Jun Jin Pei Chen Bin He Shi-Bin Yin Yu Chen Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry(Ministry of Education)Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710062ShaanxiChina College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118GuangdongChina MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina

Both structure and interface engineering are highly effective strategies for enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity of precious metal *** this work,we develop a facile pyrolysis strategy to synthesize the high-quality holey platinum nanotubes(Pt-H-NTs)using nanorods-like Pt^(Ⅱ)-phenanthroline(PT)coordination compound as self-template and self-reduction ***,an up-bottom strategy is used to further synthesize polyallylamine(PA)modified Pt-H-NTs(Pt-HNTs@PA).PA modification sharply promotes the catalytic activity of Pt-H-NTs for the formic acid electrooxidation reaction(FAEOR)by the direct reaction ***,PA modification also elevates the catalytic activity of Pt-H-NTs for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by the proton enrichment at electrolyte/electrode *** from the high catalytic activity of Pt-H-NTs@PA for both FAEOR and HER,a two-electrode FAEOR boosted water electrolysis system is fabricated by using Pt-H-NTs@PA as bifunctio nal *** FAEOR boosted water electrolysis system only requires the operational voltage of 0.47 V to achieve the high-purity hydrogen production,showing an energy-saving hydrogen production strategy compared to traditional water electrolysis system.

关键词： Holey platinum nanotubes Chemical functionalization Formic acid oxidation reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction Water splitting

Preliminary analysis of the zonal distribution of ENSO-related SSTA in three CMIP5 coupled models

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2020年第5期13卷 443-451页

作者： ge zi-an CHEN Lin Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(Klme)/joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(Ilcec)/collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina

The simulated sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)over the tropical Pacific during El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is investigated in three representative coupled models:CESM1-CAM5,FGOALS-s2,and *** is found that there is a significant westward shift bias in reproducing the zonal distribution(ZD)of the ENSO-related SSTA in CESM1-CAM5 and FGOALS-s2,whereas the SSTA-ZD simulated by FGOALS-g2 is relatively *** examining the SSTA-ZD during both warm and cold phases of ENSO separately,the authors reveal that the SSTA-ZD simulation bias during the ENSO cycle mainly lies in the bias during the warm *** is noted that both the simulated zonal wind stress anomaly(τ’_x)and shortwave heat flux(SW)anomaly exhibit westward shift biases in CESM1-CAM5 and FGOALS-s2,while the counterparts in FGOALS-g2 are relatively *** westward shift biases in representingτ’_x and the SW anomaly(SWA)are attributed to the westward-shifted precipitation anomaly(PrA).It is suggested that the mean SST cold bias over the cold tongue region is the key factor behind the westward-shift bias in simulating the El Ni?o-related PrA,which leads to the westward-shiftedτ’_x and ***,the aforementioned anomaly fields,including the dynamic part(τ’_x)and thermodynamic part(SWA),contribute to the westward-shift bias in simulating the El Ni?o-related *** study provides clues for understanding the ZD simulation biases of ENSO-related fields;however,further in-depth investigation with more model simulations,especially the incoming CMIP6 simulations,is still needed to fully understand the ENSO SSTA-ZD simulation bias in coupled models.

关键词： ENSO SSTA zonal distribution coupled models simulation bias