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Rationally Leveraging Polymer Chain-Length Heterogeneity for Robust Structural Engineering

CCS Chemistry 2024年第8期6卷 1965-1977页

作者： Zhanhui Gan Luyang Li Dongdong Zhou zhuoqi xu Zhuang Ma Jiawen He Weihua Li xue-Hui Dong South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft MatterSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Key Laboratory of Computational Physical SciencesDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433 College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640

The inherent uncertainty of chain length in synthetic polymers casts doubt on the explicit understanding of fundamental *** study quantitatively assesses the critical role of chain-length distribution in the self-assembly process,aiming to identify the point at which discernible discrepancies begin to *** blending discrete diblock copolymers of varying sizes,chain-length nonuniformity can be precisely regulated while the average composition remains *** a minor heterogeneity leads to an expansion of lattice dimension,while a phase transition occurs as the difference exceeds a ***,a transition from the Frank–Kasperσphase to the body-centered cubic phase was triggered by enlarging the size difference of the corona block,while introducing heterogeneity in the core block stabilized the hexagonally close-packed spheres.A self-consistent field theory calculation reveals that the synergy between the long and short chains effectively releases packing frustration,leading to substantial changes in the free-energy landscape and stabilizing unconventional phases otherwise *** work calls particular attention to the importance of chain-length heterogeneity and provides a robust approach to finely tuning the phase behavior and physical properties of block copolymers without altering their chemical composition.

关键词： discrete polymer molecular weight distribution self-assembly hexagonally close-packed phase Frank-Kasper phases

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Enantio-divergent C–H borylation with two different ligands from a single chiral source

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 226-232页

作者： Rongrong Du Senmiao xu State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material TechnologyMinistry of Education Hangzhou Normal University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Reported here is an iridium-catalyzed enantio-divergent C（sp3）–H borylation of α-gem-dimethyl groups of trifluoromethyl ketone-derived hydrazones to construct a series of acyclic all-carbon quaternary stereocenters with a high level of chiral induction. Two different chiral bidentate boryl ligands from a common chiral source not only can switch the enantioselectivity but also are complementary in terms of the substrate scope.

关键词： asymmetric catalysis C–H borylation all-carbon quaternary stereocenters synthetic methods

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Aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders:progress of experimental models based on disease pathogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 354-365页

作者： Li xu Huiming xu Changyong Tang Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorders that lead to permanent visual loss and motor *** date,no effective treatment exists as the exact causative mechanism remains ***,experimental models of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are essential for exploring its pathogenesis and in screening for therapeutic *** most patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are seropositive for IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4,which is highly expressed on the membrane of astrocyte endfeet,most current experimental models are based on aquaporin-4-IgG that initially targets *** experimental models have successfully simulated many pathological features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,such as aquaporin-4 loss,astrocytopathy,granulocyte and macrophage infiltration,complement activation,demyelination,and neuronal loss;however,they do not fully capture the pathological process of human neuromyelitis optica spectrum *** this review,we summarize the currently known pathogenic mechanisms and the development of associated experimental models in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,suggest potential pathogenic mechanisms for further investigation,and provide guidance on experimental model *** addition,this review summarizes the latest information on pathologies and therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders based on experimental models of aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,offering further therapeutic targets and a theoretical basis for clinical trials.

关键词： aquaporin-4 experimental model neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder pathogenesis

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Reducing the measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 64-70页

作者： Guo-Fu xu Department of Physics Shandong University

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers serve as the physical platform for nonadiabatic holonomic quantum *** quantum computation has entered the noisy intermediate-scale era, building accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is clearly necessary. Given that measurements are the sole means of extracting information, they play an indispensable role in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers. Accordingly, developing methods to reduce measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is of great importance. However, while much attention has been given to the research on nonadiabatic holonomic gates, the research on reducing measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is severely lacking. In this study, we propose a measurement error reduction method tailored for intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers. The reason we say this is because our method can not only reduce the measurement errors in the computer but also be useful in mitigating errors originating from nonadiabatic holonomic gates. Given these features,our method significantly advances the construction of accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.

关键词： quantum holonomy quantum computation measurement errors

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含油污泥热解技术研究进展

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化工进展 2019年第S1期38卷 232-239页

作者：黄静刘建坤蒋廷学吴春方许卓奇马小东文佳鑫王淑荣页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室北京100101 中国石化石油工程技术研究院北京100101 河北工业大学能源与环境工程学院天津300401 南开大学化学学院天津300071

含油污泥是石油工业的主要污染物之一,其处理一直是油田以及石油企业的难题,如果处置不当,将造成严重的环境污染。热解技术是一种在无氧或缺氧的条件下,将油泥中的重质组分转化为轻质组分,并加以回收的新的含油污泥处理技术,可以更为彻... 详细信息

含油污泥是石油工业的主要污染物之一,其处理一直是油田以及石油企业的难题,如果处置不当,将造成严重的环境污染。热解技术是一种在无氧或缺氧的条件下,将油泥中的重质组分转化为轻质组分,并加以回收的新的含油污泥处理技术,可以更为彻底地处理含油污泥,且具有二次污染程度小、能量可回收利用的特点,是一种应用前景较广的处理方法。本文对国内外含油污泥热解技术的研究进展进行了总结,并重点介绍了温度、加热速率、停留时间、热解催化剂对于含油污泥热解效果及产物的影响,同时还阐述了热解动力学模型的拟合方法,分析了热解能量流动过程以及目前工业中应用比较广泛的热解设备,并指出未来含油污泥热解技术可能的发展方向,以期对含油污泥热解技术的发展提供参考。

关键词：含油污泥热解动力学模型回收能量分析

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多氯芳烃类污染物催化降解的研究进展

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材料导报 2020年第5期34卷 5008-5015页

作者：刘建坤黄静蒋廷学吴春方文佳鑫许卓奇马小东王淑荣页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室中国石化石油工程技术研究院河北工业大学能源与环境工程学院南开大学化学系

随着社会的发展和人们环保意识的提高,环境中存在的有机污染物问题得到了广泛关注。其中多氯芳烃类有机污染物(Polychlorinated aromatic pollutants,PCAPs)已成为全球瞩目的重要有机污染物之一。与常规污染物相比,PCAPs具有很强的生物... 详细信息

随着社会的发展和人们环保意识的提高,环境中存在的有机污染物问题得到了广泛关注。其中多氯芳烃类有机污染物(Polychlorinated aromatic pollutants,PCAPs)已成为全球瞩目的重要有机污染物之一。与常规污染物相比,PCAPs具有很强的生物累积性、环境持久性、高毒性、亲脂性和远距离迁移能力,使它们不仅易通过固体废弃物、液体污水和废气等方式分散于水生环境、土壤和大气环境中,而且容易通过生物链进入生态环境,同时也可以通过食物链进入人体脂肪组织、血液中,改变骨骼的结构和功能,从而对人类产生致畸、致癌、致突变的三致效应,因而PCAPs的控制、消除和降解技术已经成为环境领域的一个研究热点。目前,对于PCAPs的治理方法主要包括吸附法、高温热解法、微生物处理法、光催化法和催化降解法等。但前四种技术存在实际降解不完全、残渣废弃物多、对污染物处理成本较高、降解温度高、PCAPs低温易重新形成、耗时较长或造成更严重的二次污染等缺点而限制了它们的实际应用。相比之下,催化降解法具备反应温度低、产物矿化完全、降解效率高、安全性好、无二次污染等优点,被认为是去除环境中PCAPs最有效并具有很好应用前景的技术手段。在过去的几十年里,国内外研究人员对催化降解PCAPs催化剂进行了大量的研究,相关问题已经成为环境及催化领域的一个研究热点。本文对近几年来国内外催化降解PCAPs的主要研究成果和最新进展进行了系统综述,基于研究现状的分析,阐述了目前研究中PCAPs处理存在的问题和不足,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望,以期为制备高效和环境友好的新型降解PCAPs催化剂提供参考。

关键词：多氯芳烃类污染物催化降解催化剂

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复合管连轧变形过程有限元模拟

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山西冶金 2015年第1期38卷 39-41,83页

作者：张志远苏宁许卓琦中国兵器工业第二〇八研究所北京102202

以铜/铝双金属管的轧制复合为例,对双金属管的连轧变形过程进行数值模拟。轧制工艺采用冷轧复合工艺,轧机采用三辊Y型轧机,结合金属塑性变形理论、管棒材连轧技术、张力减径理论,利用有限元模拟软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对其轧制过程进行了数... 详细信息

以铜/铝双金属管的轧制复合为例,对双金属管的连轧变形过程进行数值模拟。轧制工艺采用冷轧复合工艺,轧机采用三辊Y型轧机,结合金属塑性变形理论、管棒材连轧技术、张力减径理论,利用有限元模拟软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对其轧制过程进行了数值模拟,对双金属管在轧制复合过程中的金属流动、温度场分布和应力、应变情况做了分析研究。

关键词：双金属复合管复合制备技术热力耦合有限元模拟

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Mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries:regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2437-2453页

作者： Siyi xu Junqiu Jia Rui Mao Xiang Cao Yun xu Department of Neurology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Jiangsu UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Nanjing Neurology Medical Center NanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina

Acute central nervous system injuries,including ischemic stro ke,intracerebral hemorrhage,subarachnoid hemorrhage,traumatic brain injury,and spinal co rd injury,are a major global health *** optimal therapies and improving the long-term neurological functions of patients with acute central nervous system injuries are urgent *** are susceptible to damage after acute central nervous system injury,and this leads to the release of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species,which induce cell ***,a selective form of autophagy,is crucial in eliminating redundant or damaged mitochondria during these *** evidence has highlighted the significant role of mitophagy in acute central nervous system *** this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the process,classification,and related mechanisms of *** also highlight the recent developments in research into the role of mitophagy in various acute central nervous system injuries and drug therapies that regulate *** the final section of this review,we emphasize the potential for treating these disorders by focusing on mitophagy and suggest future research paths in this area.

关键词： autophagy intracerebral hemorrhage ischemic stroke mitochondria mitochondrial biogenesis mitochondrial quality control mitophagy spinal cord injury subarachnoid hemorrhage traumatic brain injury

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基于污水厂尾水的人工湿地系统中水体氮的水流方向分布特征及污染评价

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环境工程学报 2020年第4期14卷 1013-1021页

作者：李宏瑞何旭刘涛刘红磊许卓奇文佳鑫李艳英陈子昂马小东河北工业大学能源与环境工程学院天津300401 南开大学环境科学与工程学院天津300071 天津市环境保护科学研究院天津300191

天津临港人工湿地是以污水厂尾水为水源的组合人工湿地,为探究其水体形态氮的分布特征和污染状况,以该湿地系统为研究对象,采集并分析了湿地水样,基于GIS克里格插值法,对湿地水体形态氮和典型理化性质的分布和污染特征进行了研究,结合... 详细信息

天津临港人工湿地是以污水厂尾水为水源的组合人工湿地,为探究其水体形态氮的分布特征和污染状况,以该湿地系统为研究对象,采集并分析了湿地水样,基于GIS克里格插值法,对湿地水体形态氮和典型理化性质的分布和污染特征进行了研究,结合单因子污染指数法评价了水体污染程度。结果表明:湿地水体TN浓度为0.657~5.576 mg·L-1,其中NO3--N(0.095~3.920 mg·L-1)浓度相对较高,占TN的49.2%;沿水流方向,TN、NO3--N和NO2--N的分布趋势基本一致,从入水口至景观湖呈逐渐降低趋势;NH4+-N的分布相对复杂,在潜流和表流湿地下游与景观湖交汇处浓度最高,表流湿地浓度最低;pH和EC分别对NH4+-N和NO3--N的分布特征具有较大的影响作用。根据单因子污染指数法,湿地水体TN超标(Pi>1),调节塘TN污染最为严重,调节塘可作为TN优控区。以上结果有助于深入认识以污水厂尾水为水源的组合人工湿地中氮污染物的赋存形态及分布特征。

关键词：污水厂尾水人工湿地湿地水体氮分布水体污染评价

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Applications of in-situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in methanol to olefins reaction

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 134-151页

作者： Jing Niu Shutao xu Yingxu Wei Zhongmin Liu National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The methanol-to-olefins（MTO） reaction offers an alternative pathway for the production of low-carbon olefins from non-oil feedstocks. Fundamental research has been impeded by a lack of comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanism,despite the significant progress made in industry. In-situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance（ss NMR） spectroscopy has emerged as a pivotal tool, offering crucial insights into key species under real-time operando conditions. Furthermore, the host–guest interaction between zeolites or surface species residing on zeolites and the reactant/active intermediates is revealed by the combination of in-situ13C MAS NMR and 2D correlation spectroscopy. Moreover, recent technological advancements in hyperpolarization（HP） methods, including HP129Xe NMR and dynamic nuclear polarization（DNP）, have significantly improved the sensitivity of ss NMR, enabling detailed structural and kinetic analysis as well as the detection of trace species. In this feature article, we summarized recent advancements in（in-situ） ss NMR spectroscopy applied to MTO reaction processes,encompassing mechanistic investigations at various stages and the intricate host–guest interactions. These theoretical insights into the dynamic evolution of MTO reactions lay a solid foundation for the optimization of catalytic processes and the development of efficient catalysts, thereby advancing the techniques towards more sustainable and economical production route for olefins.

关键词： MTO zeolites in-situ ssNMR reactive intermediates reaction mechanism

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