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RESULTS RESULTING FROM AUTOFRETTAGE OF CYLINDER

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2008年第4期21卷 105-110页

作者： zhu ruilin Polytechnic College Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081 China

Autofrettage is used to introduce advantageous residual stresses into wall of a cylinder and to even distributions of total stresses. Basic theory on autofrettage has been functioning for several decades. It is necessary to reveal profound relations between parameters in the theory. Therefore, based on the 3rd strength theory, σej/σγ, σej/σγ, σej/σγ, σej/σγ and their relations, as well as p/σγ, are studied under ideal conditions, where σej/σγ is equivalent stress of total stresses at elastoplastic juncture/yield strength, σej/σγ is equivalent stress of total stresses at inside surface/yield strength, σej′/σγ is equivalent stress of residual stresses at elastoplastic juncture/yield strength, σej′/σγ is equivalent stress of residual stresses at inside surface/yield strength, p/σγ is load-bearing capacity of an autofiettaged cylinder/yield strength. Theoretical study on the parameters results in noticeable results and laws. The main idea is： to satisfy ｜σej′｜=σγ the relation between kj and k is k^2ln kj^2 -k^2 -kj^2 ＋2=0, where k is outside/inside radius ratio of a cylinder, kj is ratio of elastoplastic juncture radius to inside radius of a cylinder; when the plastic region covers the whole wall of a cylinder, for compressive yield not to occur after removing autofiettage pressure, the ultimate k is k=-2.218 46, with k=-2.218 46, a cylinder＇s ultimate load-bearing capacity equals its entire yield pressure, or p/σγ =（k2 -1）/k2=lnk; when kj≤√e =1.648 72, no matter how great k is, compressive yield never occurs after removing Pas; the maximum and optimum load-bearing capacity of an autofrettaged cylinder is just two times the loading which an unautofrettaged cylinder can bear elastically, or p /σγ = （k2 - 1） / k2, thus the limit of the load-bearing capacity of an autofrettaged cylinder is also just 2 times that of an unautofrettaged cylinder.

关键词： Cylinder Autofi-ettage Load-bearing capacity

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ULTIMATE LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF CYLINDER DERIVED FROM AUTOFRETTAGE UNDER IDEAL CONDITION

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2008年第5期21卷 80-87页

作者： zhu ruilin Polytechnic College Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081 China

According to the basic theory on autofrettage and according to the 4th strength theory, several parameters and their relations are studied under ideal condition, including σej/σy, the equivalent stress of total stresses at elastoplastic juncture; σei/σy, the equivalent stress of total stresses at inside surface; σej＇/σy, the equivalent stress of residual stresses at elastoplastic juncture; σei＇/σy, the equivalent stress of residual stresses at inside surface; and p/σy, load-bearing capacity of an autofrettaged cylinder. By theoretical study on relations between the parameters, noticeable results and laws are achieved： to satisfy ｜σei＇｜=σy. the relation between kj and k is, k^2lnkj^2-k^2-kj^2＋2=0, when k→∞, kj = √e = 1.648 72, as based on the 3rd strength theory, where k is the outside/inside radius ratio of a cylinder, kj is the ratio of elastoplastic juncture radius to inside radius of a cylinder; If the plastic region covers the whole wall of a cylinder, for compressive yield not to occur after removing autofrettage pressure, the ultimate k is k=-2.218 46 as based on the 3rd strength theory; With k=2.218 46, a cylinder＇s ultimate load-bearing capacity equals its entire yield pressure, or p/σy=21nk/√3; The maximum and optimum load-bearing capacity of an autofrettaged cylinder is just 2 times the loading which an unautofrettaged cylinder can bear elastically, or p/σy=2（k^2-1）/√3 k^2, and the limit of the load-bearing capacity of an autofrettaged cylinder is also just 2 times that of an unautofrettaged cylinder. The conclusions are the same as based on the 3rd strength theory, but some equations are different from each other.

关键词： Cylinder Autofrettage Load-bearing capacity

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Effect of Optimum Plastic Depth on Stresses and Load-bearing Capacity of Autofrettaged Cylinder

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2013年第2期26卷 365-370页

作者： zhu ruilin zhu Guolin Polytechnic College Hunan Normal University Basic Courses Department Jiangxi Police College

Autofrettage is an effective measure to even distribution of stresses and raise load-bearing capacity for （ultra-）high pressure apparatus. Currently, the research on autofrettage has focused mostly on specific engineering problems, while general theoretical study is rarely done. To discover the general law contained in autofrettage theory, by the aid of the authors’ previous work and according to the third strength theory, theoretical problems about autofrettage are studied including residual stresses and their equivalent stress, total stresses and their equivalent stress, etc. Because of the equation of optimum depth of plastic zone which is presented in the authors’ previous work, the equations for the residual stresses and their equivalent stress as well as the total stress and their equivalent stress are simplified greatly. Thus the law of distribution of the residual stresses and their equivalent stress as well as the total stress and their equivalent stress and the varying tendency of these stresses are discovered. The relation among various parameters are revealed. The safe and optimum load-bearing conditions for cylinders are obtained. According to the results obtained by theoretical analysis, it is shown that if the two parameters, namely ratio of outside to inside radius, k, and depth of plastic zone, kj, meet the equation of optimum depth of plastic zone, when the pressure contained in an autofrettaged cylinder is lower than two times the initial yield pressure of the unautofrettaged cylinder, the equivalent residual stress and the equivalent total stress at the inside surface as well as the elastic-plastic juncture of a cylinder are lower than yield strength. When an autofrettaged cylinder is subjected to just two times the initial yield pressure of the unautofrettaged cylinder, the equivalent total stress within the whole plastic zone is just identically equal to the yield strength, or it is a constant. The proposed research theoretically depicts the st

关键词： thick-wall cylinder autofrettage residual stress load-bearing capacity

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Analysis on Autofrettage of Cylinders

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2012年第3期25卷 615-623页

作者： zhu ruilin zhu Guolin TANG Feng Polytechnic College Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Basic Courses Department Jiangxi Police CollegeNanchang 330103China

Autofrettage is an effective technique to improve load-bearing capacity and safety for pressure *** autofrettaged cylinder,the depth of plastic zone,or overstrain is a key factor which affects load-bearing capacity and *** previous research on overstrain was not done in terms of the point of view of raising load-bearing capacity as far as possible and simultaneously avoiding compressive yield for cylinders experiencing autofrettage handling,and there were no analytic solutions of autofrettage in the above view point presented,the 3rd and 4th strength theories were not applied synthetically in the research to compare the results from these two *** this paper,with the aid of the analytic method,based on summing up the authors＇ previous research,results from autofrettage of a cylinder based on the 3rd and 4th strength theories are studied and compared,and the laws contained in the results are looked ***,the essential cause and reason for the obtained laws are analyzed and the inherent and meaning relations between various parameters in autofrettage theory are *** is shown that the maximum radius ratio for equivalent residual stress at inside surface never exceeds the yield strength even for a cylinder experiencing wholly yielded autofrettage,or the critical radius ratio is kc=2.218 457 489 916 7…,irrespective of the 3rd or 4th strength *** equation relating the depth of plastic zone with the thickness of a cylinder is identical for the 3rd and 4th strength *** form,the optimum load-bearing capacity of an autofrettaged cylinder is two times the initial yield pressure of the unautofrettaged cylinder irrespective of the 3rd or 4th strength *** revealed inherent relations between various parameters and varying laws of the parameters as well as the forms of the relations under the 3rd and 4th strength theories not only have theoretical meanings but also have prospects in engineering application.

关键词： pressure vessel autofrettage load-bearing capacity strength theory

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Beauty-charm meson family with coupled channel effects and their strong decays

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第12期48卷 11-19页

作者： Wei Hao ruilin zhu School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210023China Peng Huanwu Innovation Research Center Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

We systematically examined the mass spectra and their two-body hadronic decays of the beauty-charm meson family considering coupled channel *** results can effectively explain the observed Bemeson spectrum,and the prediction of the mass spectrum for unobserved beauty-charm mesons can be tested in future *** with previous studies,we systematically examine the beauty-charm meson family within the coupled channel *** 1S state in beauty-charm meson family has few percent of coupled channel component,while the 2S,1P,and 1D states have more than ten percent of coupled channel *** two-body hadronic decay widths of the 2^(3)P_(2) state is as narrow as 3 *** two-body hadronic decay widths of 3^(1)S_(0),3^(3)S_(1),2^(3)D_(1),2D,2D',and 2^(3)D_(3) are approximately 109,67,60,57,201,and 76 MeV,***,the mixing effects between B_(c)(n^(3)L_(L))and B_(c)(n^(1)L_(L))states are discussed.

关键词： beauty-charm meson coupled channel effects strong decays

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Redetermination of the Crystal Structure of Vesignieite

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1991年第2期65卷 145-151页

作者： Ma Zhesheng He ruilin zhu Xiaoling China University of Geosciences Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Shaanxi Institute of Mineral Depostis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences China University of Geosciences China

Vesignieite, Cu_3Ba(VO_4)_2(OH)_2, crystallizes in space group C_2 / m with a°=1.0270(2), b°=0.5911(1),c°=0.7711(2)nm and β=116.42(3)°. The intensity data were collected with the RIGAKU RASA-IISsingle-crystal four-circle diffractometer. The structure was determined by Patterson and Fourier methods andrefined by the least-square technique to a final R index of 0.051 for 614 independent diffraction points with|F? |>3σ|F?|. The crystal structure analysis shows that vesignieite has a layer structure parallel to (001). The powder diffraction lines were reindexed.

关键词： Redetermination of the Crystal Structure of Vesignieite

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圆筒形压力容器自增强若干问题研究

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机械工程学报 2010年第6期46卷 126-133页

作者：朱瑞林湖南师范大学工学院长沙410081

按第三强度理论,采用图像法与解析法相结合的方法分析论证圆筒形自增强压力容器弹塑性界面处总应力的当量应力、塑性区深度与反向屈服、承载能力等因素之间的理论联系,提供理论上确定与塑性区深度及承载能力有关的方法与公式、算图及表... 详细信息

按第三强度理论,采用图像法与解析法相结合的方法分析论证圆筒形自增强压力容器弹塑性界面处总应力的当量应力、塑性区深度与反向屈服、承载能力等因素之间的理论联系,提供理论上确定与塑性区深度及承载能力有关的方法与公式、算图及表格。研究表明,以k2lnkj2-k2-kj2+2=0控制区深度最佳,此时可保证:σej≤1,σei'≥-1;以kj=exp(p/σs)控制区深度可使弹塑性界面处总应力的当量应力σej最小。其中k为容器径比、kj为塑性区深度、p/σs为内压/屈服点、σei'为内壁面处残余应力的当量应力。分析论证过程中得到的一些值得注意的规律、关系式及数据、图表等可作为压力容器工程设计时参考的理论基础和依据,也使自增强理论各参数间的关系和变化规律更清晰、透彻和实用。

关键词：压力容器自增强塑性区深度承载能力

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扁平绕带压力容器边缘应力研究

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机械工程学报 2000年第9期36卷 107-109,112页

作者：朱瑞林湘潭大学机械学院湘潭411105

研究了扁平绕带压力容器绕带层及其内筒的边缘应力，并与单层压力容器进行了对比。结果表明，在绕带层中不可能存在边缘应力；同时，由于绕带的细长结构和离散结构特性，其中的应力是均匀的和相互独立的；而与单层式压力容器相比，扁平... 详细信息

研究了扁平绕带压力容器绕带层及其内筒的边缘应力，并与单层压力容器进行了对比。结果表明，在绕带层中不可能存在边缘应力；同时，由于绕带的细长结构和离散结构特性，其中的应力是均匀的和相互独立的；而与单层式压力容器相比，扁平绕带压力容器内筒边缘应力的分布范围较小。

关键词：压力容器扁平绕带边缘应力绕带层内筒

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Ephrin-A2 and-A3 are negative regulators of the regenerative potential of Müller cells

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第19期127卷 3438-3442页

作者： zhu ruilin Cho Kin-Sang Chen Dong Feng Yang Liu Department of Ophthalmology Peking University First Hospital KeyLaboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration Ministry of EducationBeijing China Schepens Eye Research Institute Massachusetts Eye and EarHarvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Background In a previous study, we demonstrated that ephrin-A2 and -A3 negatively regulate the growth of neural progenitor cells in the central nervous system. Adult mice deficient in ephrin-A2 and -A3 （A2＋A3＋） displayed active ongoing neurogenesis throughout the brain, and mice deficient in ephrin-A3 alone showed increased proliferation of ciliary epithelium derived retinal stem cells. This study aimed to detect that the increase in proliferation and neurogenic potential of MOiler cells is influenced by the absence of ephrin-A2 and -A3. Methods We assessed the retinal and MOiler cell expression of ephrin-As and their receptor and neural progenitor cell markers by immunostaining and real-time PCR. We cultured purified primary MOiler cells derived from wild-type and A2＋A3＋ mice in a defined culture medium that enables trans-differentiation of Mu11er cells into retinal neurons. To evaluate proliferating MOiler cells in vivo, we injected 5＇-ethylnyl-2-deoxiuridine （EdU） intraperitoneally to adult mice. Results Expression of ephrin-A2/A3 and their receptor EphA4 were detected in the retinas of adult mice, with EphA4 expression particularly enriched in MOiler cells. MOiler cells of A2＋A3＋ mice exhibited significantly elevated expression of retinal progenitor cell markers, Pax6 and Chx10, when compared with those from wild-type mice. Moreover, a higher percentage of Mu11er cells of A2＋A3＋ mice trans-differentiated and became recoverin＋ and β-Ⅲ-tublin＋ in the culture than those from wild type mice. Strikingly, an increased number of EdU＋ retinal cells was detected in the retinas of adult A2＋A3＋ mice as compared with wild-type mice. Conclusions Ephrin-A2 and -A3 are negative regulators of the proliferative and neurogenic potentials of Mu11er cells. Manipulating ephrin-A signaling may thus represent a novel strategy for stimulating neuroregeneration from endogenous progenitors to participate in retinal repair in case of disease or damage.

关键词： Muller cell stem cell retinal regeneration

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热预应力自增强厚壁圆筒研究

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机械工程学报 2016年第17期52卷 168-175页

作者：朱瑞林朱国林湖南师范大学工程与设计学院长沙410081 江西警察学院基础课部南昌330103

厚壁圆筒自增强处理技术的关键在于预应力。传统的自增强处理技术采用的是机械预应力方法,即在圆筒投入使用前,对其施加超过操作压力的自增强压力,使之获得残余预应力。考虑到厚壁圆筒内、外壁存在温差时,筒壁中有热应力产生,因此针对... 详细信息

厚壁圆筒自增强处理技术的关键在于预应力。传统的自增强处理技术采用的是机械预应力方法,即在圆筒投入使用前,对其施加超过操作压力的自增强压力,使之获得残余预应力。考虑到厚壁圆筒内、外壁存在温差时,筒壁中有热应力产生,因此针对厚壁圆筒自增强问题,提出了以热应力作为预应力的自增强技术。具体研究了圆筒壁厚、温差等对热应力与总应力(热应力与操作应力的叠加)的影响、热应力与总应力的变化趋势、各种参数间的约束条件;在分析热应力与总应力特性的基础上,得出最佳设计条件,提出了基于第四强度理论的热预应力自增强厚壁圆筒的设计方法。结果表明,热预应力能有效地降低和均化厚壁圆筒的操作应力;按照所提出的设计方法,在确保圆筒安全的前提下,可使圆筒获得最大的承载能力和最小的壁厚。

关键词：厚壁圆筒自增强预热应力强度总应力

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