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Effect of surfactant frequently used in soil flushing on oxygen mass transfer in micro-nano-bubble aeration system

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 174-181页

作者： Mei Bai Zhibin liu zhu liu Chenfei He Zhanhuang Fan Miaoxin Yuan Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering and Environmental Safety Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China CECEP DADI(Hangzhou)Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310020China

In-site soil flushing and aeration are the typical synergetic remediation technology for contaminated *** surfactant present in flushing solutions is bound to affect the aeration *** purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of surfactant frequently used in soil flushing on the oxygen mass transfer in micro-nano-bubble(MNB)aeration ***,bio-surfactants and chemical surfactants were used to investigate their effects on Sauter mean diameter of bubble(dBS),gas holdup(ε),volumetric mass-transfer coefficient(kLa)and liquid-side mass-transfer coefficient(kL)in the MNB aeration ***,based upon the experimental results,the Sardeing's and Frossling's models were modified to describe the effect of surfactant on kL in the MNB *** results showed that,for the twenty aqueous surfactant solutions,with the increase in surfactant concentration,the value of dBS,kLa and kL decreased,while the value ofεand gas-liquid interfacial area(a)*** phenomena were mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of immobile bubble surface and the suppression of coalescence in the surfactant *** addition,with the presence of electric charge,MNBs in anionic surfactant solutions were smaller and higher in number than in non-ionic surfactant ***,the accumulation of surfactant on the gas-liquid interface was more conspicuous for small MNB,so the reduction of kL in anionic surfactant solutions was larger than that in non-ionic surfactant ***,the modified Frossling's model predicted the effect of surfactant on kL in MNB aeration system with reasonable accuracy.

关键词： Soil flushing Micro-nano-bubble aeration Bio-surfactant Mass transfer coefficient

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Towards a new avenue for rapid synthesis of electrocatalytic electrodes via laser-induced hydrothermal reaction for water splitting

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 340-351页

作者： Yang Sha Menghui zhu Kun Huang Yang Zhang Francis Moissinac Zhizhou Zhang Dongxu Cheng Paul Mativenga zhu liu Department of Materials School of Natural SciencesThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Laser Processing Research Centre Department of MechanicalAerospace and Civil EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom National Graphene Institute The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science School of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Research Centre for Laser Extreme Manufacturing Ningbo Institute of Materials Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople’s Republic of China

Electrochemical production of hydrogen from water requires the development ofelectrocatalysts that are active,stable,and low-cost for water *** address these challenges,researchers are increasingly exploring binder-free electrocatalytic integratedelectrodes (IEs) as an alternative to conventional powder-based electrode preparation methods,for the former is highly desirable to improve the catalytic activity and long-term stability for large-scale applications of ***,we demonstrate a laser-inducedhydrothermal reaction (LIHR) technique to grow NiMoO4nanosheets on nickel foam,which is then calcined under H2/Ar mixed gases to prepare the IE *** electrode exhibits superior hydrogen evolution reaction performance,requiring overpotentials of 59,116 and143 mV to achieve current densities of 100,500 and 1000 mA·*** the 350 h chronopotentiometry test at current densities of 100 and 500 m A·cm-2,the overpotentialremains essentially *** addition,NiFe-layered double hydroxide grown on Ni foam is also fabricated with the same LIHR method and coupled with IE-NiMo-IR to achieve water *** combination exhibits excellent durability under industrial current *** energy consumption and production efficiency of the LIHR method are systematicallycompared with the conventional hydrothermal *** LIHR method significantly improves the production rate by over 19 times,while consuming only 27.78%of the total energy required by conventional hydrothermal methods to achieve the same production.

关键词： electrocatalytic electrode laser-induced hydrothermal reaction NiFe layered double hydroxides hydrogen evolution reaction water splitting energy consumption production rate

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Advances in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into vascular cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第2期16卷 137-150页

作者： Yi-Chang Jiao Ying-Xin Wang Wen-zhu liu Jing-Wen Xu Yu-Ying Zhao Chuan-zhu Yan Fu-Chen liu Department of Neurology Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012Shandong ProvinceChina Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012Shandong ProvinceChina Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory Qilu Hospital(Qingdao)of Shandong UniversityQingdao 266103Shandong ProvinceChina Brain Science Research Institute Shandong UniversityJinan 250012Shandong ProvinceChina

Blood vessels constitute a closed pipe system distributed throughout the body,transporting blood from the heart to other organs and delivering metabolic waste products back to the lungs and *** in blood vessels are related to many disorders like stroke,myocardial infarction,aneurysm,and diabetes,which are important causes of death *** research for new appro-aches to disease modeling and effective treatment is needed due to the huge socio-economic burden on healthcare *** mice or rats have been widely used,applying data from animal studies to human-specific vascular physiology and pathology is *** rise of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)provides a reliable in vitro resource for disease modeling,regenerative medicine,and drug discovery because they carry all human genetic information and have the ability to directionally differentiate into any type of human *** review summarizes the latest progress from the establishment of iPSCs,the strategies for differentiating iPSCs into vascular cells,and the in vivo trans-plantation of these vascular *** also introduces the application of these technologies in disease modeling,drug screening,and regenerative ***,the application of high-tech tools,such as omics analysis and high-throughput sequencing,in this field is reviewed.

关键词： Induced pluripotent stem cell Blood vessels Vascular organoids Endothelial cells Smooth muscle cells Pericytes Tissue engineering vascular graft

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Carbon uptake by cement in China:Estimation and contribution to carbon neutrality goals

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 2056-2067页

作者： Mingjing MA Zi HUANG Jiaoyue WANG Le NIU Wenfeng ZHANG Xiaowei XU Fengming XI zhu liu Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordOX13UK

Cement is a widely used construction material *** manufacturing contributes to anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions ***,its alkaline compounds can absorb CO_(2)from the surrounding environment and engage in a carbonation reaction,thereby functioning as a carbon *** a major cement producer and consumer,China has an important responsibility to rigorously investigate and accurately account for cement carbon *** study presents a comprehensive analytical model of cement carbon uptake from China,revealing a substantial increase in carbon uptake from 1930 to 2021,peaking at 426.77 Mt CO_(2)(95% Confidence Interval:317.67-874.33 Mt CO_(2))in *** uptake accounts for 8.10% to 45.40% of China’s annual land sink and 2.51% to 4.54% of the global land *** cumulative carbon uptake by cement is approximately 7.06 Gt CO_(2)(95%CI:5.22–9.44 Gt CO_(2))during this period,offsetting 50.7% of the total emissions(13.91 Gt CO_(2),95%CI:12.44–17.00 Gt CO_(2))from the cement ***,cement mortar contributed to most absorption(65.64%).From a life cycle perspective,the service stage of cement materials is the period where the largest CO_(2)sink is formed,accounting for 90.03% of the ***,the potential for carbon sequestration in cement materials and their waste is ***,the model improves the accuracy of cement carbon accounting,supporting both China and global carbon neutrality ***,it is crucial for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goals sooner by prioritizing the environmental benefits of cement materials and wastes,and accelerating the development and commercialization of CO_(2)sequestration technologies for cement and its by-products.

关键词： Cement Carbon uptake Life cycle assessment Carbon emission reduction Carbon neutrality

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Insights of carbon reduction practices from Winter Olympics 2022

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2034-2037页

作者： Xiaoyong Liao Shuai Zhong Jie Huang zhu liu Ayman Elshkaki You Li Lei Shen Yingli He Li An Yidong zhu Wenhao Sun Tao Liang Jiaoe Wang Jinwei Dong Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory for Resources Use and Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Concerns about the carbon emissions of mega-events revolve,mainly due to the impactful demonstration effects they ***,accurate monitoring of these emissions is crucial during such events[1].The Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Beijing 2022(hereinafter“Winter Olympics 2022”)are recognized as the first Games to pay close attention to a wide range of emissions associated with all stages of the *** of emerging carbon reduction technologies,such as low-carbon materials and technologies,have shown promising effects on efforts to achieve carbon neutrality[2].The impacts of individual measures,such as Olympic infrastructure construction.

关键词： Winter emissions carbon

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Carbon cathode with heteroatom doping and ultrahigh surface area enabling enhanced capacitive behavior for potassium-ion hybrid capacitors

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2136-2149页

作者： Yan Xiong Ya-Fei Zhang Chun-liu zhu Lei Yang Huan-Yu Liang Jing Shi Jing-Wei Chen Wei-QianTian Shuai liu Zhi Li Jing-Yi Wu Huan-Lei Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2V4Canada

Potassium-ion hybrid capacitors(PIHCs)are widely regarded as highly promising energy storage devices,due to their exceptional energy density,impressive power density,and abundant potassium ***,restricted by the inherent capacitive storage mechanism,the carbon cathodes possess a much lower specific capacity than battery-type ***,designing high-performance carbon cathodes is extremely urgent for the development of ***,N,O codoped porous carbon(NOPC)was fabricated through the NaCl hard template method and combined KOH/melamine chemical activation technique,displaying the characteristics of abundant N/O content(4.7 at%/16.9 at%),ultrahigh specific surface area(3092 m^(2)g^(-1))and hierarchical pore *** designed NOPC cathode delivers a high specific capacity(164.4 mAh.g^(-1)at 0.05 A.g^(-1))and superior cyclability(95.1%retention ratio at 2 A·g^(-1)over 2500 cycles).Notably,the adjustable ratio of micropores to mesopores facilitates the achievement of the optimal bal-ance between capacity and rate ***,the pseudocapacitance can be further augmented through the incorporation of N/O functional *** expected,the graphite//NOPC based PIHC possesses a high energy density of 113 Wh·kg-at 747 W·kg^(-1)and excellent capacity retention of 84.4% fter 400 cycles at 1.0 A·g^(-1).This work introduces a novel strategy for designing carbon cathodes that enhances the electrochemical performance of PIHCs.

关键词： Template method N/O co-doping High specific surface area Carbon cathode Potassium-ion capacitors

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Heavy ion energy influence on multiple-cell upsets in small sensitive volumes:from standard to high energies

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 109-121页

作者： Yang Jiao Li-Hua Mo Jin-Hu Yang Yu-zhu liu Ya-Nan Yin Liang Wang Qi-Yu Chen Xiao-Yu Yan Shi-Wei Zhao Bo Li You-Mei Sun Pei-Xiong Zhao Jie liu Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.58 Research Institute Wuxi 214000China Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute Beijing 100084China Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Silicon Devices Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The 28 nm process has a high cost-performance ratio and has gradually become the standard for the field of radiation-hardened ***,owing to the minimum physical gate length of only 35 nm,the physical area of a standard 6T SRAM unit is approximately 0.16μm^(2),resulting in a significant enhancement of multi-cell charge-sharing ***-cell upsets(MCUs)have become the primary physical mechanism behind single-event upsets(SEUs)in advanced nanometer node *** range of ionization track effects increases with higher ion energies,and spacecraft in orbit primarily experience SEUs caused by high-energy ***,ground accelerator experiments have mainly obtained low-energy ion irradiation ***,the impact of ion energy on the SEU cross section,charge collection mechanisms,and MCU patterns and quantities in advanced nanometer devices remains *** this study,based on the experimental platform of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou,low-and high-energy heavy-ion beams were used to study the SEUs of 28 nm SRAM *** influence of ion energy on the charge collection processes of small-sensitive-volume devices,MCU patterns,and upset cross sections was obtained,and the applicable range of the inverse cosine law was *** findings of this study are an important guide for the accurate evaluation of SEUs in advanced nanometer devices and for the development of radiation-hardening techniques.

关键词： 28 nm static random access memory(SRAM) Energy effects Heavy ion Multiple-cell upset(MCU) Charge collection Inverse cosine law

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A justice and innovative way ahead of consumption-based emission accounting approach

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Qun SHEN Hongbo DUAN Yun TANG Linbing TANG Li SHANG Xinyu DOU Wei WEI Weiqiang CHEN zhu liu State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science &Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Economics & Management University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua Univesity

Carbon emission accounting is an important basis for global climate governance. Based on the consumption-based accounting (CBA) method, the characteristics of carbon flow between national, regional, and product processes could be more clearly reflected. Therefore, CBA is more conducive to clarifying the attribution of responsibilities between producers and consumers, with the principles of fairness and justice. By accounting for carbon emissions in typical countries from 1990 to 2019, we found that the CBA emissions are higher than the production-based accounting (PBA) emissions in major developed countries, while the results are reversed for developing countries. In the past 30 years, the CBA emissions in targeted developed countries generally have shown a downward trend, while in developing countries, they have shown an upward trend. CBA emissions in China have shown a continuous growth trend from 1990 to 2019, but the pace has slowed down significantly over the last decade. Meanwhile, the embodied carbon intensity of China’s exports continues to decline, indicating that China is providing more green and low-carbon products to the world. Taking the PV industry as an example, this study further reveals the contribution of specific product industries to the country’s carbon transfer through product carbon footprint analysis. In order to provide a scientific basis for global mitigation and climate governance, it is urgent to innovate a scientific, practical, and standardized CBA technology system.

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有机--无机共添加增强柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池机械弯曲及环境稳定性能

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无机材料学报 2024年第5期39卷 477-484,I0006,I0007页

作者：陈甜罗媛朱刘郭学益杨英中南大学冶金与环境学院长沙410083 广东先导稀材股份有限公司清远511500 广东省高性能薄膜太阳能材料企业重点实验室清远511517

近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池发展迅速,其光电转换效率(Power Conversion Efficiency,PCE)已经提高到26.1%,但是柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池(Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells,F-PSCs)的机械弯曲和环境稳定性仍然是其商业化的主要障碍。本研究通... 详细信息

近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池发展迅速,其光电转换效率(Power Conversion Efficiency,PCE)已经提高到26.1%,但是柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池(Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells,F-PSCs)的机械弯曲和环境稳定性仍然是其商业化的主要障碍。本研究通过添加琼脂糖(Agarose,AG)以改善薄膜的质量和结晶性能,系统探究了AG对钙钛矿的作用机理,组装成的F-PSCs的PCE和机械弯曲及环境稳定性能。研究发现当AG添加浓度达到最优值3 mmol/L时,薄膜表面变得更为致密平滑,钙钛矿结晶度和吸光度增加。此时器件的陷阱态密度降到最低,电荷传输电阻低至2191Ω,光电性能达到最佳,PCE由15.17%提升至17.30%。进一步引入TiO2纳米颗粒(0.75 mmol/L),与AG(3 mmol/L)共同作用,可以提供刚性骨架结构,增强钙钛矿层的机械性能和环境稳定性。循环弯曲1500次(半径为3 mm)后,AG/TiO2共添加器件可保持初始PCE的84.73%,远高于空白器件的9.32%;在空气中放置49 d后,该器件仍可保持初始PCE的83.27%,优于空白器件的62.21%。该研究成果为制备高效且稳定的F-PSCs提供了可能性。

关键词：柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池添加剂工程弯曲稳定性环境稳定性

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基于机器视觉的自动贴标系统设计

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包装与食品机械 2024年第1期42卷 67-71,76页

作者：李辉刘柱朱培逸盐城工学院电气工程学院江苏盐城224007 常熟理工学院电气与自动化工程学院江苏苏州215500 不详

针对传统的贴标流程人力成本高、效率低、精度差的问题,开发一套采用运动控制卡为基础的彩盒自动化贴标系统。设计可调流水线机构、载具交互机构、翻转机构、机械手机构、打印机机构、控制系统、视觉系统等部分,由工控机通过EtherCAT现... 详细信息

针对传统的贴标流程人力成本高、效率低、精度差的问题,开发一套采用运动控制卡为基础的彩盒自动化贴标系统。设计可调流水线机构、载具交互机构、翻转机构、机械手机构、打印机机构、控制系统、视觉系统等部分,由工控机通过EtherCAT现场总线发送指令控制机构的动作,解决系统的稳定性、联动性问题。运行效率提高,20轮评价用时缩短23 s,稳定性识别率上升1.1%。研究为物料的生产、封装提供较新的解决方案。

关键词：机械手运动控制卡机器视觉

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