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The Effect of Organ Temperature on Total Yield of Transplanted and Direct-Seeded Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第11期92卷 2999-3019页

作者： Ziwei Li Lifen Huang zhongyang huo Min Jiang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China

The canopy temperature of rice is an important index that directly reflects the growth and physiological state of rice,and affects the yield of rice plants to a great *** correlation between the temperatures of different rice organs and canopy in different growth stages and the grain yield is *** stability and universality of these correlations must be *** conducted a pot experiment using two rice varieties and two temperature treatments(high temperature treatment was carried out at the beginning of heading stage for 10 days).We measured rice organ temperature during seven stages of growth using a high-precision infrared thermal *** showed that the optimal observation period for the rice canopy temperature was 13:*** the rice variety did not significantly impact the canopy or organ temperature(p>0.05),the different organs and canopy exhibited significantly different temperatures(p<0.05).The correlations between the leaf,stem,panicle,canopy–air temperature differences and seed setting rate,theoretical and actual yields were the strongest during the milk *** them,the correlation coefficient betweenΔT_(s) and theoretical and actual yields was the highest,the relationship between theoretical yield(Y)andΔT_(s)(X)was Y=−5.6965X+27.778,R^(2)=*** withΔT_(l),ΔT_(p) andΔTc,ΔT_(s) was closely related to the main traits of plants.ΔT_(s) could better reflect the growth characteristics of rice thanΔT_(c),such as dry matter accumulation(r=−0.931),SPAD(r=0.699),N concentration(r=0.714),transpiration rate(r=−0.722).In conclusion,stem temperature was more important indicator than canopy *** temperature is a better screening index for rice breeding and cultivation management in the future.

关键词： Planting method canopy temperature organ temperature grain yield

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Rice canopy temperature is affected by nitrogen fertilizer

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 824-835页

作者： Min Jiang Zhang Chen Yuan Li Xiaomin Huang Lifen Huang zhongyang huo Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Jiangsu Co-lnnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Canopy temperature strongly influences crop yield formation and is closely related to plant physiological ***, the effects of nitrogen treatment on canopy temperature and rice growth have yet to be comprehensively examined. We conducted a two-year field experiment with three rice varieties(HD-5, NJ-9108, and YJ-805) and three nitrogen treatments(zero-N control(CK), 200 kg ha~(–1)(MN), and 300 kg ha~(–1)(HN)). We measured canopy temperature using a drone equipped with a high-precision camera at the six stages of the growth period. Generally,canopy temperature was significantly higher for CK than for MN and HN during the tillering, jointing, booting, and heading stages. The temperature was not significantly different among the nitrogen treatments between the milky and waxy stages. The canopy temperature of different rice varieties was found to follow the order: HD-5>NJ-9108>YJ-805, but the difference was not significant. The canopy temperature of rice was mainly related to plant traits, such as shoot fresh weight(correlation coefficient r=–0.895), plant water content(–0.912), net photosynthesis(–0.84), stomatal conductance(–0.91), transpiration rate(–0.90), and leaf stomatal area(–0.83). A structural equation model(SEM) showed that nitrogen fertilizer was an important factor affecting the rice canopy *** study revealed:(1) A suite of plant traits was associated with the nitrogen effects on canopy temperature,(2) the heading stage was the best time to observe rice canopy temperature, and(3) at that stage, canopy temperature was negatively correlated with rice yield, panicle number, and grain number per panicle. This study suggests that canopy temperature can be a convenient and accurate indicator of rice growth and yield prediction.

关键词： canopy temperature rice physiological and biochemical characteristics yield

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Grain Yield,Biomass Accumulation,and Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice under Combined Salinity-Drought Stress

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Rice science 2024年第1期31卷 118-128,I0023页

作者： WEI Huanhe GENG Xiaoyu ZHANG Xiang ZHU Wang ZHANG Xubin CHEN Yinglong huo zhongyang ZHOU Guisheng MENG Tianyao DAI Qigen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Simultaneous stresses of salinity and drought often coincide during rice-growing seasons in saline lands,primarily due to insufficient water resources and inadequate irrigation ***,combined salinity-drought stress poses a major threat to rice *** this study,two salinity levels(NS,non-salinity;HS,high salinity)along with three drought treatments(CC,control condition;DJ,drought stress imposed at jointing;DH,drought stress imposed at heading)were performed to investigate their combined influences on leaf photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation,and rice yield ***,drought,and their combination led to a shortened growth period from heading to maturity,resulting in a reduced overall growth *** yield was reduced under both salinity and drought stress,with a more substantial reduction under the combined salinity-drought *** combined stress imposed at heading caused greater yield losses in rice compared with the stress imposed at ***,the combined salinity-drought stress induced greater decreases in shoot biomass accumulation from heading to maturity,as well as in shoot biomass and nonstructural carbohydrate(NSC)content in the stem at heading and ***,it increased the harvest index and NSC remobilization *** and drought reduced the leaf area index and SPAD value of flag leaves and weakened the leaf photosynthetic characteristics as indicated by lower photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates,and stomatal *** reductions were more pronounced under the combined ***,drought,and especially their combination,decreased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase,while increasing the contents of malondialdehyde,hydrogen peroxide,and superoxide *** results indicated a more significant yield loss in rice when subjected to combined salinity-drought *** individual and combined stresses of salinity and dro

关键词： antioxidant defense system combined salinity-drought stress drought stress photosynthetic characteristics rice salinity stress

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Salinity Stress Deteriorates Grain Yield and Increases 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Content in Rice

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 371-374,I0015-I0021页

作者： WEI Huanhe MA Weiyi ZHANG Xiang ZUO Boyuan GENG Xiaoyu WANG Lulu ZHU Wang CHEN Yinglong huo zhongyang XU Ke MENG Tianyao DAI Qigen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/East China Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Salinity stress greatly impacts rice grain yield and quality, as well as the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP) content in grains. The present study was conducted with Nanjing 9108(NJ9108, conventional japonica rice) and Wenliangyou 669(WLY669, indica hybrid rice) in the fields with non-salinity(NS), low salinity(LS), and high salinity(HS) stresses in 2021 and 2022.

关键词： salinity Yield erior

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淮北地区水稻高产机械栽植方式对比

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农业机械学报 2014年第12期45卷 117-125页

作者：许轲常勇张强霍中洋张洪程戴其根扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心扬州225009 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室扬州225009

以杂交粳稻＂甬优2640＂、＂甬优1640＂和常规粳稻＂连粳7号＂、＂徐稻3号＂为试验材料,于2011年和2012年研究了钵苗机插、毯苗机插和直播3种机械栽植方式的秧苗素质、生育进程、光合物质生产、温光利用、产量组成及品质。结果表明,移... 详细信息

以杂交粳稻＂甬优2640＂、＂甬优1640＂和常规粳稻＂连粳7号＂、＂徐稻3号＂为试验材料,于2011年和2012年研究了钵苗机插、毯苗机插和直播3种机械栽植方式的秧苗素质、生育进程、光合物质生产、温光利用、产量组成及品质。结果表明,移栽时钵苗机插方式秧苗素质各项指标显著高于毯苗机插方式。与钵苗机插稻相比,毯苗机插稻、直播稻各生育时期均推迟,全生育期分别缩短8-10 d和20-22 d,全生育期和不同生育阶段的积温、光照时数以及生育中后期群体生长率和净同化率显著降低。钵苗机插方式水稻产量最高,毯苗机插方式次之,直播方式最低,各栽植方式间差异显著;相同栽植方式下杂交粳稻产量显著高于常规粳稻。钵苗机插稻单位面积穗数较少,但每穗粒数和千粒质量显著提高,最终籽粒产量显著增加;杂交粳稻钵苗机插方式产量分别比毯苗机插、直播方式显著提高10.2%和23.4%,常规粳稻分别显著提高5.6%和19.3%;直播水稻的每穗粒数和千粒质量均处于较低水平。钵苗机插方式水稻籽粒品质较好。在淮北地区钵苗机插稻生育期提前,成熟早,提高了温光资源利用率,比毯苗机插和直播方式具有显著的增产优势,可作为优先选择的水稻机械化栽插方式。

关键词：麦茬水稻机械栽植产量形成温光利用

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Accumulation and utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of irrigated rice cultivars with high productivities and high N use efficiencies

Accumulation and utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and pota...

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中国作物学会2013年学术年会

作者：李敏 Hongcheng Zhang Xiong Yang Mengjie Ge Qun Ma Haiyan Wei Qigen Dai zhongyang huo Ke Xu Innovation Center of Rice Technology in Yangtze Rice Valley Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou University Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Province

In Jiangsu province,Southeast China,high irrigated rice yields are supported by high nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs and low fertilizer N use ***,little attention was paid to the cooperative promotion of rice yield and N use efficiency,and accumulation and utilization of N,phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) of the irrigated rice genotype with high yield and high N use efficiency is still *** experiments were conducted in 2010 and *** cultivars with low productivity and low N use efficiency (LPLNE),two cultivars with high productivity and medium N use efficiency(HPMNE) and two cultivars with high productivity and high N use efficiency(HPHNE) separately were grown under their respective optimum N application to achieve maximum attainable *** and utilization of N,P and K as well as their interacting relationships were *** results showed that:(i) Compared with LPLNE,HPMNE and HPHME showed significantly higher N,P,K accumulations in both years.N grain production efficiency(NGPE) and K grain production efficiency(KGPE) were both higher,though P grain production efficiency(PGPE) showed no consistent tendency.(ii)When values were averaged across cultivars and years,in comparison with HPMNE,HPHNE achieved lower total N accumulation by 1.71%,while their N accumulation during the period from heading to maturity was higher by 6.45%.Total P accumulation and total K accumulation increased by 2.46%and 2.82%,respectively,this was mainly attributed to greater accumulation after panicle initiation, especially in the period from heading to *** between N accumulation and P,K accumulation were constantly positive at different growth stages and in different *** results above indicate that decrease of N accumulation before panicle initiation and increase of N,P,K accumulation during the period from heading to maturity may be helpful to combine the high yield and high N use efficiency in rice.

关键词： Rice Yield N use efficiency N,P and K Accumulation

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小麦生物量及产量与无人机图像特征参数的相关性

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农业工程学报 2019年第23期35卷 104-110页

作者：杨俊丁峰陈晨刘涛孙成明丁大伟霍中洋江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室扬州大学农学院扬州225009 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心扬州大学扬州225009 张家港市农业试验站张家港215616

为了明确无人机图像信息与小麦生物量、产量之间的相关性,该文利用无人机航拍获取田间小麦主要生育时期的RGB图像,通过影像处理获取小麦颜色指数和纹理特征参数值,并通过田间取样获取同时期小麦生物量和最终产量,分析不同颜色指数和纹... 详细信息

为了明确无人机图像信息与小麦生物量、产量之间的相关性,该文利用无人机航拍获取田间小麦主要生育时期的RGB图像,通过影像处理获取小麦颜色指数和纹理特征参数值,并通过田间取样获取同时期小麦生物量和最终产量,分析不同颜色指数和纹理特征参数与小麦生物量和产量的关系。结果表明:利用无人机图像可提取归一化差分指数(NDI)、超绿植被指数(ExG)、可见光大气阻抗植被指数(VARI)、超红植被指数(ExR)、绿叶植被指数(GLI)、绿红差值指数(ExGR)、改良绿红植被指数(MGRVI)、红绿蓝植被指数(RGBVI)共8个颜色指数和能量(ASM)、对比度(CON)、相关度(COR)、熵(ENT)共4个纹理特征参数。各颜色指数在小麦拔节期、孕穗期与生物量和产量都有较好的相关性。拔节期所有颜色指数与生物量的相关性均达到极显著水平,其中ExGR与生物量的相关性最高,相关系数r达到0.911,孕穗期除RGBVI未达到显著相关外,其余均达到显著或极显著相关,其中MGRVI相关性最高,相关系数r为0.817。各颜色指数与产量的相关性趋势同生物量一致。越冬前期和开花期各颜色指数与生物量及产量的相关性较拔节期和孕穗期略有下降。而各纹理特征参数中,只有越冬前期的ASM和ENT、拔节期的CON和COR以及孕穗期的CON与生物量的相关性达到显著或极显著水平,其中COR相关性最高(负相关),相关系数r为-0.574。拔节期的CON和COR、孕穗期的CON、COR和ENT与产量的相关性达到显著或极显著水平,其中拔节期COR相关性最高(负相关),相关系数r为-0.530。将颜色指数与纹理特征参数相结合后,其与小麦生物量及产量的相关性均有提高,其中生物量相关性在4个时期分别提高0.27%、0.11%、8.81%和2.65%,产量相关性在4个时期分别提高7.05%、0.12%、0.58%和0.12%。因此,将无人机图像颜色指数与纹理特征参数结合可以提高小麦生物量和产量的估测精度。

关键词：无人机数码影像颜色指数纹理特征小麦生物量产量

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三氯吡氧乙酸、氯氟吡氧乙酸、2甲4氯和草甘膦对葎草的防除活性比较

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植物保护 2020年第4期46卷 253-257页

作者：徐宇宽陈国奇张琳霍中洋江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室扬州大学农学院水稻产业工程技术研究院扬州225009 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心扬州大学扬州225009 上海青浦区农业技术推广服务中心上海201700

本文通过温室整株生物测定法比较研究了三氯吡氧乙酸、氯氟吡氧乙酸、2甲4氯钠和草甘膦异丙胺盐4种常用于水稻、小麦种植区防控大龄阔叶杂草的茎叶处理除草剂对6~8叶期葎草Humulus scandens的防除活性。结果表明,在210 g/hm^2剂量下,三... 详细信息

本文通过温室整株生物测定法比较研究了三氯吡氧乙酸、氯氟吡氧乙酸、2甲4氯钠和草甘膦异丙胺盐4种常用于水稻、小麦种植区防控大龄阔叶杂草的茎叶处理除草剂对6~8叶期葎草Humulus scandens的防除活性。结果表明,在210 g/hm^2剂量下,三氯吡氧乙酸和氯氟吡氧乙酸可完全杀灭供试葎草植株,在420 g/hm^2剂量下,2甲4氯钠对葎草的鲜重抑制率达到95.25%,而草甘膦异丙胺盐840 g/hm^2剂量处理对葎草的鲜重抑制率仍不足80%。进一步通过Logistic曲线模型分析除草剂对葎草鲜重抑制率达到50%和90%的剂量(GR 50和GR 90剂量)发现,三氯吡氧乙酸、氯氟吡氧乙酸、2甲4氯钠和草甘膦异丙胺盐相应的GR 50分别为58.74、76.96、182.52和272.82 g/hm^2;GR 90分别为143.97、202.83、678.27和2980.11 g/hm^2。结论:对于水稻、小麦种植区葎草危害,优先推荐使用三氯吡氧乙酸防除,其次是氯氟吡氧乙酸;使用2甲4氯防控效果不够理想,使用草甘膦无法有效控制。

关键词：葎草剂量反应曲线整株生物测定内吸传导型除草剂稻麦种植区

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稻麦两熟条件下不同土壤耕作方式与秸秆还田效用分析

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农业工程学报 2006年第7期22卷 48-51页

作者：刘世平聂新涛张洪程戴其根霍中洋许轲扬州大学江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室江苏225009

该文通过大田小区和网室水泥池微区的3年定位试验，比较研究了稻麦两熟条件下免耕秸秆覆盖、免耕高茬、翻耕秸秆还田（秸秆稻季翻埋麦季覆盖）、翻耕（对照，CK）4个处理对土壤理化性质和稻麦产量的影响，从土壤管理技术方面探讨了不同... 详细信息

该文通过大田小区和网室水泥池微区的3年定位试验，比较研究了稻麦两熟条件下免耕秸秆覆盖、免耕高茬、翻耕秸秆还田（秸秆稻季翻埋麦季覆盖）、翻耕（对照，CK）4个处理对土壤理化性质和稻麦产量的影响，从土壤管理技术方面探讨了不同耕作方法与秸秆直接还田在稻麦两熟地区的应用效果。结果表明：免耕使土壤容重和穿透阻力增加，而秸秆还田可改善土壤结构，提高土壤养分含量，翻耕还田3年后土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量比对照分别增加4．7％～13．0％、0％～10．6％、0．2％～10．6％、8．4％～15．5％。麦季秸秆还田的产量有增有减，实际产量免耕覆盖还田略低，对照的产量较高，秸秆还田平均减产1％左右；而水稻翻耕秸秆还田的产量最高，比对照平均增产3％左右。因此，在稻麦两熟条件下，从省工节本和提高地力角度可采用稻麦免耕秸秆覆盖与留高茬还田，从提高产量和地力角度宜采用稻季翻耕秸秆还田。

关键词：稻麦两熟土壤耕作秸秆还田土壤养分

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稻麦两熟制不同耕作方式与秸秆还田土壤肥力的综合评价

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农业工程学报 2008年第5期24卷 51-56页

作者：刘世平陈后庆聂新涛戴其根霍中洋许轲张洪程扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室扬州225009

该文通过大田小区和网室水泥池微区3年的定位试验,比较研究了稻麦两熟条件下免耕套播秸秆覆盖NTS、免耕套播高茬NT、翻耕秸秆还田CTS、翻耕秸秆不还田CK共4个处理对土壤肥力的影响,并运用数值化方法综合评价土壤肥力。结果表明:免耕和... 详细信息

该文通过大田小区和网室水泥池微区3年的定位试验,比较研究了稻麦两熟条件下免耕套播秸秆覆盖NTS、免耕套播高茬NT、翻耕秸秆还田CTS、翻耕秸秆不还田CK共4个处理对土壤肥力的影响,并运用数值化方法综合评价土壤肥力。结果表明:免耕和秸秆还田可提高土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾等土壤养分含量,且主要是0～7 cm增加造成的。土壤肥力数值化综合评价表明,土壤肥力免耕秸秆覆盖好于免耕高茬,翻耕秸秆还田好于翻耕不还田,不同处理养分肥力指标以免耕秸秆覆盖处理最高,翻耕不还田最低;但综合肥力指标却以翻耕秸秆还田最高,免耕高茬最低,主要受土壤容重影响。从不同层次看,综合肥力指标和养分肥力指标均以上层0～7 cm较高,下层14～21 cm较低,尤其免耕秸秆覆盖和免耕高茬处理。

关键词：稻麦两熟土壤耕作秸秆还田土壤肥力综合评价

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