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Spatial distribution and inventory of natural gas hydrate in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第2期41卷 729-739页

作者： zhongxian zhao Ning QIU Zhen SUN Wen YAN Genyuan LONG Pengchun LI Haiteng ZHUO Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 511458China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment Haikou 570206China Marine Geological Institute of Hainan Province Haikou 570206China School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

Natural gas hydrate is a potential clean energy source and is related to submarine geohazard,climate change,and global carbon *** investigations have revealed the occurrence of hydrate in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China ***,the spatial distribution,controlling factors,and favorable areas are not well *** we use the available high-resolution seismic lines,well logging,and heat flow data to explore the issues by calculating the thickness of gas hydrate stability zone(GHSZ)and estimating the *** show that the GHSZ thickness ranges between mostly~200 and 400 m at water depths>500 *** gas hydrate inventory is~6.5×109-t carbon over an area of~6×104 *** areas including the lower uplift to the south of the Lingshui sub-basin,the Songnan and Baodao sub-basins,and the Changchang sub-basin have a thick GHSZ of~250-310 m,250-330 m,and 350-400 m,respectively,where water depths are~1000-1600 m,1000-2000 m,and2400-3000 m,*** these deep waters,bottom water temperatures vary slightly from~4 to 2℃.However,heat flow increases significantly with water depth and reaches the highest value of~80-100 mW/m2 in the deepest water area of Changchang *** heat flow tends to reduce GHSZ thickness,but the thickest GHSZ still occurs in the Changchang sub-basin,highlighting the role of water depth in controlling *** lower uplift to the south of the Lingshui sub-basin has high deposition rate(~270-830 m/Ma in 1.8-0 Ma);the thick Cenozoic sediment,rich biogenic and thermogenic gas supplies,and excellent transport systems(faults,diapirs,and gas chimneys)enables it a promising area of hydrate accumulation,from which hydrate-related bottom simulating reflectors,gas chimneys,and active cold seeps were widely revealed.

关键词： gas hydrate stability zone gas hydrate inventory Qiongdongnan Basin South China Sea

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Formation of the Zengmu and Beikang Basins,and West Baram Line in the southwestern South China Sea margin

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第2期41卷 592-611页

作者： Bing HAN zhongxian zhao Xiaofang WANG Zhen SUN Fucheng LI Benduo ZHU Yongjian YAO Liqiang LIU Tianyue PENG Genyuan LONG Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 511458China Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Ministry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 511458China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 511458China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment Haikou 570206China

The Zengmu and Beikang basins,separated by the West Baram Line(WBL)in the southwestern South China Sea margin,display distinct geological and geophysical ***,the nature of the basins and the WBL are *** we explore this issue by conducting the stratigraphic and structural interpretation,faults and subsidence analysis,and lithospheric finite extension modelling using seismic *** show that the WBL is a trans-extensional fault zone comprising normal faults and flower structures mainly active in the Late Eocene to Early *** Zengmu Basin,to the southwest of the WBL,shows an overall synformal geometry,thick folded strata in the Late Eocene to Late Miocene(40.4-5.2 Ma),and pretty small normal faults at the basin edge,which imply that the Zengmu Basin is a foreland basin under the Luconia and Borneo collision in the Sarawak since the ***,the basin exhibits two stages of subsidence(fast in 40.4-30 Ma and slow in 30-0 Ma);but the amount of observed subsidence and heat flow are both greater than that predicted by crustal *** Beikang Basin,to the NE of the WBL,consists of the syn-rift faulted sub-basins(45-16.4 Ma)and the post-rift less deformed sequences(16.4-0 Ma).The heat flow(~60 mW/m2)is also consistent with that predicted based on crustal thinning,inferring that it is a rifted ***,the basin shows three stages of subsidence(fast in 45-30 Ma,uplift in 30-16.4 Ma,and fast in 16.4-0 Ma).In the uplift stage,the strata were partly folded in the Late Oligocene and partly eroded in the Early Miocene,which is probably caused by the flexural bulging in response to the paleo-South China Sea subduction and the subsequent Dangerous Grounds and Borneo collision in the Sabah to the east of the WBL.

关键词： tectonic subsidence foreland basin West Baram Line Zengmu Basin Beikang Basin South China Sea

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The deep thermal structure of the lithosphere in the northwestern South China Sea and its control on the shallow tectonics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第6期64卷 962-976页

作者： Xiaofang WANG Haibo HUANG Hehua XU Ziqiang REN Jiazheng ZHANG zhongxian zhao Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyInnovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou511458China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou511458China

The northwestern sub-basin of South China Sea(SCS)is a unique tectonic unit formed in the early spreading of the *** northwestern Sub-basin has a series of complex geological structures such as seamounts and fault zones surrounded by the Xisha Trough,the Zhongsha Massif,and the Pearl River *** extensional structures and magmatic activity in the northwestern sub-basin are closely related to the lithospheric structure and its ***,details of the deep lithosphere structure are still poorly ***,we obtained detailed data of water and Moho depth using sonar buoys,Extended Spread Profiles(ESP),Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS),both Multi-beam and land-sea joint seismic surveys in the northwestern sub-basin and its surrounding *** we adopted a thermal isostasy method to calculate the depth of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary(LAB)in the northwestern sub-basin of the SCS and its surrounding *** show that the range of LAB depth is~25–110 *** shallowest burial depth is 25–60 km occurring in the ocean *** depth increases to 60–110 km toward the continental *** lithospheric structure on the north and south sides of the Xisha Trough is symmetrical and shows the deep structure and thermal features of aborted *** LAB depth in the Zhongsha Trough and the Zhongsha Massif increased from 60 to 70 km southwestwards,consistent with the trend of surface *** LAB depth to the west side of the Pearl River Valley is 60–80 km,and the thinning of the lithosphere is related to the distribution of faults,depressions and the magmatic *** LAB depth in the northwestern sub-basin and the eastern subbasin is less than 60 km with the thinnest part being less than 46 *** ocean drilling,seismic investigation,and seafloor topography,we show that the ocean basin of the northwestern sub-basin of the SCS locates within the 46 km isobath of the *** formation of the rifted valleys and discrete blocks s

关键词： Northwestern sub-basin of SCS Thermal isostasy Ocean-continent transition zone Thickness of lithosphere

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Numerical modeling of the anomalous post-rift subsidence in the Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第8期54卷 1156-1167页

作者： LIAO Jie ZHOU Di zhao zhongxian ZHANG YunFan XU ZiYing CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Baiyun Sag is the deepest sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin in northern continental margin of South China Sea,with the maximum sediment thickness over 12.5 km above the basement including >6.5 km sediments above the 30 Ma breakup *** to the theoretical models for the rifted basins,the post-rift subsidence is driven solely by the thermal contraction and can be calculated as the function of the lithospheric stretching factor.A method combining the forward modeling and reverse backstripping was designed to estimate lithospheric stretching *** the 2D forward modeling based on the flexural cantilever model,we simulated the multi-rifting process of the Baiyun Sag with constrain of the backstripped *** doing this the lithospheric stretching factor was obtained,and then the theoretical post-rift subsidence was *** calculated theoretical subsidence was much smaller than the observed subsidence given by *** the 1530 line in the Baiyun Sag,the anomalous post-rift subsidence is over 2 km in the sag center,and varies slightly to the north and south edges of the *** suggests that the anomalous post-rift subsidence continues beyond the sag both in the continental shelf to the north and in the continental slope to the *** sensitivity tests in the forward modeling process indicate that only the use of low-angle faults (≤13°) can we simulate the shape of the backstripped profile.

关键词：白云凹陷珠江口盆地数值模拟裂谷下陷异常岩石圈伸展计算理论

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Cenozoic tectonic subsidence in the Southern Continental Margin, South China Sea

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第2期11卷 427-441页

作者： Penggao FANG Weiwei DING Yinxia FANG zhongxian zhao Zhibing FENG The Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China College of Marine Geoscience Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China

We analyzed two recently acquired multi- channel seismic profiles across the Dangerous Grounds and the Reed Bank area in the South China Sea. Reconstruction of the tectonic subsidence shows that the southern continental margin can be divided into three stages with variable subsidence rate. A delay of tectonic subsidence existed in both areas after a break-up, which was likely related to the major mantle convection during seafloor spreading, that was triggered by the secondary mantle convection below the continental margin, in addition to the variation in lithospheric thickness. Mean-while, the stage with delayed subsidence rate differed along strikes. In the Reed Bank area, this stage is between 32-23.8 Ma, while in the Dangerous Grounds, it was much later （between 19-15.5 Ma）. We believe the propagated rifting in the South China Sea dominated the changes of this delayed subsidence rate stage.

关键词： dangerous ground Reed Bank area tectonic subsidence secondary mantle convection propagated rifting

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On the Optical Properties in Nesting Fermi Liquid

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Chinese Physics Letters 1991年第11期8卷 600-602页

作者： Li Meihua TIAN Shiyang zhao zhongxian Institute of Physics Academia SinicaBeijing 100080

One of the most common and prominent optical feat ures of high temperture supeconductors ig the quadratic frequency dependence of the loss function,i e.,lm(-1/ε)=βω^(2),for hw≤*** show that the nesting Fermi liquid(NFL)theory can quantitatively account for the low frequency(<0.5eV)behavior,but it cant not explain the higher frequency *** suggests that the form of relaxation rate derived from the NFL is inadequate to describe the high frequency behavior in high temperature superconductors.

关键词： Fermi behavior temper

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Doping Effect on Superconducting Transition of Ba-K-Bi-O System

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Chinese Physics Letters 1994年第6期11卷 373-375页

作者： zhao Liangzhong ZHANG Jinbiao WANG Weihua YIN Bo LI Jingwei zhao zhongxian Institute of Chemistry Academia SinicaBeijing 100080 Institute of Physics Academia SinicaBeijing 100080

Chemical doping or substitutions were carried out in both the Ba site and Bi site in Ba-K-Bi-O *** large single crystals of Ba-K-M-Bi-O(M=Ca,Eu,In and T1)were prepared by using the electrocrystallization *** resulting crystalline materials were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and magnetic *** results show that partial substitutions of Ca or Eu in the Ba site suppress T_(c) more drastically than that of TI in the Bi *** the present chemical substitutions result in a decrease in T_(c).

关键词： method Transition crystallization

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Anisotropy of Bi_(2)Sr_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(y) Superconducting Single Crystals Under High Pressure

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Chinese Physics Letters 1991年第1期8卷 29-32页

作者： LIU Zhenxing ZHENG Dongning YAN Yifeng WANG Jihong WANG Lijun zhao zhongxian Institute of Physics Academia SinicaBeijing 100080

It is shown that there exists the anisortropic nature of pressure dependence for the superconducting transition temperature and resistivity in Bi_(2)Sr_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(y) single *** maximum superconducting critical temperature and the minimum resistance along a-b plane under about 8kbar have been observed,no obvtous structure phase transition was observed at room temperature under pressure,and there is not the same behaviour along the c axis up to 13kba.r.A slight difference between the rates dT_(c)/dP along a-6 plane and c axis was also *** anisotropy may have close relation to the coupling between layers.

关键词： resistance plane Crystal

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Synthesis of High Temperature Superconductors HgBa_(2)CuO_(4+y) and HgBa_(2)Ca_(2)Cu_(3)O_(8+y)

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Chinese Physics Letters 1994年第5期11卷 304-306页

作者： YAO Yushu SU Yanjing JIA Shunlian CAO Guohui WU Fei zhao zhongxian National Laboratory for Superconductivity Institute of PhysicsAcademia SinicaBeijing 100080 Department of Materials Physics University of Sciences and Technology of BeijingBeijing 100083

High critical temperature superconductors of mercury-based system were synthesized under high pressure and high *** resistance and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements for sample prepared at 25 kbar and 850℃for 1.5 h show that the sample without any added treatment was a mixture of Hg-1201 and *** Tc values of Hg-1223 phase and Hg-1201 phase are 132 and 98 K,respectively.

关键词： temperature mercury susceptibility

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Low-temperature magnetic anomalies of oxygen-doped T′-type 214 compounds

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第15期43卷 1272-1276页

作者： Yufeng Xiong Duo Jin Yushu Yao shuquan Guo Fei Wu zhongxian zhao Chinese Acad Sci Cryogen Lab Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Phys State Key Lab Superconduct Beijing 100080 Peoples R China

A new low_temperature anomalous magnetism at about 29 K for the oxygen doped (Eu 1- x Y x ) 2CuO 4 and Sm 2CuO 4, prepared under high pressure, has been investigated. This anomaly originated from different mechanisms to weak ferromagnetism (WF) behavior of T′ phase, and should be assigned to the ferromagnetic clusters formed by doped holes.

关键词： superconductor high pressure weak ferromagnetism.

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