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Diagnostic and modelling investigation on the ion acceleration and plasma throttling effects in a dualemitter hollow cathode micro-thruster

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第12期34卷 85-98页

作者： zhongxi ning Chenguang LIU Ximing ZHU Yanfei WANG Bingjian AN Daren YU Plasma Propulsion Laboratory Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Hollow cathode discharges are widely used as neutralizers for the electric propulsion systems and recently developed into micro-thrusters for the small *** this work,a dualemitter hollow cathode thruster is developed,which can be operated in two different modes—the neutralizer mode and the micro-thruster *** characterizing this kind of new device,the Langmuir probe,Faraday probe,and retarding potential analyzer are used to determine the electron temperature,electron density,ion flux,and ion energy distribution *** operating parameters,including the thrust,and specific impulse,are also measured.A two-dimensional self-consistent extended fluid model is employed to calculate the spatial distribution of plasma parameters and the fluid field of electrons in the region around the *** comparing the diagnostic and modelling results,it is found that the change in the electric field and ionization zone is the essential reason for the different performances of the device in the neutralizer and micro-thruster *** in the electric field leads to an ion acceleration effect in the micro-thruster mode;moving of the ionization zone raises the plasma pressure in the orifice region of the hollow cathode,and thus leads to enhanced plasma throttling and gas expanding *** analyzing the above mechanisms,the possible methods for improving this kind of hollow cathode micro-thruster are discussed.

关键词： Extended fluid model Hollow cathodes Micro-thruster Plasma contactor Plasma throttling effect

Influence of cyclic ignition and steady-state operation on a 1–2 A barium tungsten hollow cathode

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第12期26卷 121-131页

作者： Fufeng WANG Tianhang MENG zhongxi ning Ximing ZHU Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001People’s Republic of China

Booming low-power electric propulsion systems require 1–2 A hollow *** cathodes are expected to go through more frequent ignitions in the low orbit,but the impact of cyclic ignitions on such 1–2 A barium tungsten hollow cathodes with a heater was not *** this study,a 12,638-cyclic ignition test and a 6,000-hour-long life test on two identical cathodes were carried *** discharge voltage of the cathode and the erosion of the orifice after cyclic ignition were all larger than that of the cathode after stable *** indicated that the impact of cycle ignition on the discharge performance of a low current BaO-W cathode with a heater was higher than that of stable *** results of the ion energy distribution function measured during the ignition period indicated that the main reason for the orifice expansion was ion ***,it was necessary to pay attention to the number of ignitions for the lifetime of this kind of cathode.

关键词： hollow cathode cyclic ignition stable operation orifice ion bombardment

A novel optical emission spectroscopy method for diagnostics of contribution of different ionization mechanisms and flux of ions in different valences in discharge channel of a Hall thruster

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 294-307页

作者： Yanfei WANG Ximing ZHU Renqiu ZOU Shilin YAN Junwei JIA zhongxi ning Daren YU School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Key Laboratory of Aerospace Plasma Propulsion Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin 150001China Beijing Orient Institute of Measurement and Test Beijing 100094China Beijing Aerospace Long March Aircraft Research Institute Beijing 100076China

The mass application of Hall thrusters poses the need for a diagnostic method of ionization mechanism in the discharge channel to boost the iteration and optimization of thruster *** work presents an Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) method for diagnostics of the contribution of different ionization mechanisms and the flux of ions in different valences in the discharge channel of a Hall *** emission spectra in the discharge channel are analyzed by jointly utilizing a collisional-radiative model,an ionization-excitation model,and a flux-conservation *** is found that the intensities of some spectral lines can be converted into the reaction rates of collision processes,e.g.,electron-induced excitation and ionization *** latter can further be used to determine the evolutions of particle fluxes by utilizing the conservation law of *** novel method is demonstrated on a kilo-watt Hall *** evolutions of several parameters are determined using this method along the discharge channel,including the ionization rates of different mechanisms,particle fluxes,particle densities,and particle *** novel method can be further developed by being jointly utilized with spectral imaging and tomography techniques,enabling diagnostics of multi-dimensional distributions of the above-mentioned parameters in the discharge channel and near-field plume.

关键词： Hall thruster Optical emission spectroscopy Ionization mechanism Particle flux Divalent ion

Early experimental investigation of the C12A7 hollow cathode fed on iodine

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第7期24卷 35-44页

作者： Zhiwei HUA Pingyang WANG zhongxi ning Zhanwen YE Zongqi XU School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People's Republic of China Plasma Propulsion Laboratory Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People's Republic of China

To fully realize the superiority of the iodine electric propulsion system in streamlining the size and reducing the operating costs, iodine hollow cathode technology must be developed. Considering the corrosiveness of iodine and the possible impurity of the working propellant, the C12A7 hollow cathode with promising chemical ability was developed and tested. The C12A7 hollow cathode with a nominal current of 1–4 A was successfully ignited with iodine from the reservoir outside the vacuum chamber. It was operated at 1 A of anode current with a 1.2 mg s^(-1) iodine mass flow *** involuntary extinguishment, the C12A7 hollow cathode could be restarted repeatedly with a single operation time of up to 12 min and a total duration of 30 min. The unexpected fluctuation of iodine flow may be the reason for the short operation time. Experimental results and microscopical observation of the electride emitter show the compatibility of the iodine and electride emitter. For the development and demonstration of future single-iodine electric propulsion of Hall thrusters, the iodine storage and supply system with precise control and regulation may be the critical technology.

关键词： hollow cathode C12A7 electride iodine propellant electric propulsion

Effect of vacuum backpressure on discharge characteristics of hollow cathode

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第12期21卷 26-32页

作者： zhongxi ning Yanfeng CHU Xiaoyu LIU Fan LI Ximing ZHU Daren YU Plasma Propulsion Laboratory Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People's Republic of China

A hollow cathode is the electronic source and neutralizer of the Hall thruster and an ion *** the orbit of an all-electric propulsion satellite changes from 100 km to 36 000 km, the backpressure changes by two to three orders of magnitude. In this paper, the influence of the backpressure on the discharge characteristics of the hollow cathode has been studied experimentally in the so-called diode configuration. With the increase in the backpressure, the anode voltage decreases gradually, and the amplitude of the current oscillation decreases significantly. Additionally, the plasma is relatively stable, the most probable ion energy and the width of the ion energy distribution reduces, and the electron distribution function inclines toward the Maxwell distribution under high backpressure. The analysis results show that the backpressure affects the gas ionization and the ionic acoustic turbulence, which also affects the discharge characteristics of the hollow cathode.

关键词： hollow cathode electron source backpressure plasma

Influence of heating on the discharge characteristics of a hollow cathode

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第1期22卷 15-23页

作者： Yanlin HU zhongxi ning Xiaoyu LIU Yanfeng CHU Wei MAO Yan SHEN Ximing ZHU Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing 100080People's Republic of China Plasma Propulsion Lab Institute of Advanced PowerHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People's Republic of China

Hollow cathodes are widely used as electron sources and neutralizers in ion and Hall electric *** applications such as commercial aerospace and gravitational wave detection require hollow cathodes with a very wide discharge current *** this paper,a heater is used to compensate for the temperature drop of the emitter at low *** self-sustained current can be extended from 0.6 to 0.1 A with a small discharge oscillation and ion energy when the flow rate is *** is also beneficial for long-life ***,when the discharge current is high(>1 A),heating can cause discharge oscillation,discharge voltage and ion energy to increase,f urther,combined with a rapid decline of pressure inside the cathode and an increase in the temperature in the cathode orifice plate,electron emission in die orifice and outside the orifice increases and the plasma density in the orifice *** leads to a change in the cathode discharge mode.

关键词： electric propulsion hollow cathode discharge oscillation heater extended operation range

霍尔推力器加速通道-空心阴极耦合区物理研究进展

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哈尔滨工业大学学报 2016年第1期48卷 13-20页

作者：孟天航宁中喜于达仁哈尔滨工业大学能源科学与工程学院

重点介绍霍尔推力器耦合区物理过程的研究现状.霍尔推力器的耦合区连接阴极与通道内等离子体,控制通道入口电子参数,也通过耦合环境影响阴极自身的电子发射特性.由于耦合区处于推力器外部的负梯度弱磁场区,导致耦合区发生的物理过程十... 详细信息

重点介绍霍尔推力器耦合区物理过程的研究现状.霍尔推力器的耦合区连接阴极与通道内等离子体,控制通道入口电子参数,也通过耦合环境影响阴极自身的电子发射特性.由于耦合区处于推力器外部的负梯度弱磁场区,导致耦合区发生的物理过程十分复杂.分别从种子电子向通道内传导、羽流中和过程、等离子体桥电子的E×B漂移和耦合环境中的阴极放电等方面讨论了耦合区的参数分布和影响因素,总结了耦合区的特点,指出了目前研究的难点与不足,并对后续研究给出了建议.

关键词：霍尔推力器空心阴极耦合 E×B放电电子传导

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亚稳态原子对霍尔推力器电离影响的光谱诊断

高电压技术 2013年第7期39卷 1674-1679页

作者：颜世林宁中喜于达仁哈尔滨工业大学能源学院哈尔滨150001

霍尔推力器(HET)是一种先进的电推进装置,在航天领域有着广泛应用。为了衡量亚稳态原子对于推力器电离过程的影响,提高相应电离计算模拟模型的准确性,应用发射光谱线强度比计算方法来确定HET通道中包含亚稳态原子贡献的氪原子有效电离... 详细信息

霍尔推力器(HET)是一种先进的电推进装置,在航天领域有着广泛应用。为了衡量亚稳态原子对于推力器电离过程的影响,提高相应电离计算模拟模型的准确性,应用发射光谱线强度比计算方法来确定HET通道中包含亚稳态原子贡献的氪原子有效电离速率。实验发现,考虑亚稳态院子的贡献后,氪原子有效电离速率相对于未考虑亚稳态贡献的基态原子电离速率高,在15～20eV的电子温度范围内增加最多,大约11%。计算结果说明亚稳态原子的存在使得HET通道内氪原子具有较高的有效电离速率,所以在HET电离模型中必须引入亚稳态的贡献项。

关键词：霍尔推力器电推进亚稳态光谱诊断模型有效电离速率

一种提高空心阴极推力器推力的发射体外置方法

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中国空间科学技术 2017年第5期37卷 40-46页

作者：刘晨光宁中喜孟天航韩星于达仁哈尔滨工业大学能源学院哈尔滨150001

为提高空心阴极推力器的比冲,研究了空心阴极发射体外置的方法,对比研究了发射体外置和内置两种结构的空心阴极推力器的推力和比冲,发现发射体外置的结构相比较于内置结构能够增加推力器的推力和比冲。进一步研究发现,发射体外置的空心... 详细信息

为提高空心阴极推力器的比冲,研究了空心阴极发射体外置的方法,对比研究了发射体外置和内置两种结构的空心阴极推力器的推力和比冲,发现发射体外置的结构相比较于内置结构能够增加推力器的推力和比冲。进一步研究发现,发射体外置的空心阴极推力器引出的离子电流、离子能量要明显高于发射体内置的空心阴极推力器,可以推断发射体外置的阴极推力器存在离子加速喷出增大推力和比冲的机制。

关键词：空心阴极微推力器阴极模式推力器模式发射体外置