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Research and application of water jet technology in well completion and stimulation in China

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 239-244页

作者： Li Gensheng Huang zhongwei tian Shouceng Shen Zhonghou State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In recent years, rapid progress in the use of high pressure water jets （HPWJ） has been made in oil and gas well drilling, completion, and stimulation; and good results have been achieved in field applications. Advances in technologies and developments of well completion and stimulation with hydrajet are reviewed in this paper. Experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of abrasive water jetting and to optimize jet parameters, which can provide methods for the well completion and hydrajet fracturing. Deep-penetrating hydrajet perforating can create a 2-3 m clean hole with a diameter of 20-35 mm. Multilayer hydrajet fracturing is a process whereby multiple layers are stimulated in a single run without using mechanical packers, thereby reducing operation procedure and risk. Multilateral radial wells can be drilled using hydraulic jetting up to 100 m in length. The technique to remove sand particles and plugs with rotating self-resonating cavitating water jets in horizontal wellbores has been developed and oilfield-tested, which shows promising, cost effective prospects.

关键词： Water jet abrasive jet well completion perforation stimulation horizontal drilling with hydrajet

Mechanism and numerical simulation of pressure stagnation during water jetting perforation

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Petroleum Science 2008年第1期5卷 52-55页

作者： Huang zhongwei Li Gensheng tian Shouceng Shen Zhonghou Luo Hongbin Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

When perforating with an abrasive water jet, it is possible that the pressure in the hole （perforation） will be higher than that in the annulus because of water jet blasting against the hole wall, which also is the theoretical basis for the technology of hydro-jet fracturing. This paper analyzes the mechanism of generating pressure stagnation in water jet hole, and puts forward a new concept of hydroseal. Then, the distribution of pressure in the hole was simulated with the finite element method. The simulation results showed that the pressure in the hole was higher than that in the annulus. Also, the lower the annular pressure （confining pressure） and the higher the blasting pressure, the greater the pressure difference. An experiment indicated that the cement sample was lifted up under the pressure stagnation in the hole, which proved the finite element simulation results obviously.

关键词： Water jet perforation pressure stagnation hydro-seal mechanism

Aerodynamic map for soft and hard hypersonic level flight in near space

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2009年第4期25卷 571-575页

作者： Ruifeng Hu Ziniu Wu Zhe Wu Xiaoxin Wang zhongwei tian School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China School of Aerospace Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China

In this note, we design a velocity-altitude map for hypersonic level flight in near space of altitude 20-100 km. This map displays aerodynamic-related parameters associated with near space level flight, schematically or quantitatively. Various physical conditions for the near-space level flight are then characterized, including laminar or turbulent flow, rarefaction or continuous flow, aerodynamic heating, as well as conditions for sustaining level flight with and without orbital effect. This map allows one to identify conditions to have soft flight or hard flight, and this identification would be helpful for making correct planning on detailed studies of aerodynamics or making initial design of near space vehicles.

关键词： Near space Aerodynamics Hypersonic Level flight Soft flow

Theoretical and experimental study of the pulling force of jet bits in radial drilling technology

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Petroleum Science 2009年第4期6卷 395-399页

作者： Ruichang Guo Gensheng Li zhongwei Huang Shouceng tian Xiaoning Zhang Wei Wu China Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China

Radial drilling technology, of which the jet bit is the key device, is a research focus in the field of oil drilling and production. This paper establishes mechanical equations for jet bits and analyzes the hydroseal of backward jets in bottom holes. Meanwhile this paper establishes a mechanical equation for a high pressure hose and analyzes the axial force distribution. Laboratory experiments indicate that the flow rate, the angle between the backward nozzle axis and the jet bit axis, and the hole diameter are the major influencing factors; the generation of the pulling force is mainly due to the inlet pressure of the jet bit; the backward jets can significantly increase not only the pulling force but also the stability of jet bits. The pulling force would reach 8,376 N under experimental conditions, which can steadily pull the high-pressure hose forward.

关键词： Radial drilling water jet jet bit depression effect pulling force

Anti-IL-33 alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice

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Anti-IL-33 alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like derma...

Serum cytokines levels in Patients with Psoriasis

第十四届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： Shuting Zheng zhongwei tian Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin ***(IL)-33,a new member of the IL-1 cytokine family,is constitutively expressed in the epithelial cells of *** previous study showed that IL-33 contributed to disease severity in psoriasis-like models of *** present study,we investigated the influence of IL-33 antibody on IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in ***/C female mice(18 g-22 g) were randomly divided into five groups:Control,IMQ,IgG,IL-33 antibody and *** found that IL-33 antibody significantly reduced the erythema,scale and thickness in IMQ-induced psoriasiform *** spleen index was decreased greatly after the injection of IL-33 antibody compare to IMQ ***,the IL-33 antibody could suppress the expression of p-STAT3 protein and IL-33 *** Ki-67 and pro-inflammation cytokines decrease after treatment with IL-33 ***,CD3CD4T cells and CD3CD8T cells in the skin lesions were markedly *** conclusion,our data suggested that IL-33 antibody alleviated the seriousness of skin lesions in IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis in mice by inhibiting the activation of the STAT3 signal pathway and lymphocyte infiltration and the secret of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

关键词： IL-33 STAT3 proliferation psoriasis

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Serum cytokines levels in Patients with Psoriasis

第十四届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： Qingqing Wang zhongwei tian Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and increased *** studies have detected the concentration of cytokines in the serum of patients with psoriasis,but there were not many types,and the relationship between the serum level of cytokines and the severity of psoriasis is still ***:The aim of the study was to compare the levels of cytokines in the serum between patients with psoriasis and healthy controls,elucidate which factors influence the psoriasis ***:39 psoriasis patients and 30 healthy volunteers were *** venous blood of the enrollees was collected,and the serum levels of cytokines were determined by flow *** severity of the disease was measured by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI) ***:Compared with controls,levels of IL-1 β,IFN-γ,IL-6,IL-23,IL-1 7 A *** serum levels of TNF-α(p=0.001),MCP-1(p<0.001), IL-10(p=0.001), IL-18(p<0.001), IL-33(p=0.000) significantly *** correlation analysis results showed that the serum concentrations of IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-1 β,IL-6,IL-18 and IL-33 were positively correlated with PASI score,and the contents of IL-17 and IL-23 were significantly positively correlated with PASI *** IL-1 0,IL-1 2 and MCP-1 were not found to have a significant correlation with the PASI *** serum levels IL-1 β,IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-17 A,IL-18,IL-23 and IL-33 in active psoriasis were significantly higher than healthy volunteers and retrograde *** we found that gender,age,and allergy history had effect on the serum cytokines of *** with female,the serum concentration of IL-1 =8 in male patients significantly increased(P=0.015).The expression level of IL-18 in age(18≤Age≤40) was higher than that of minors(18

关键词： cytokine serum psoriasis

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飞艇空气动力学及其相关问题

航空学报 2010年第3期31卷 431-443页

作者：任一鹏田中伟吴子牛清华大学航天航空学院北京100084

对低空和高空飞艇在发射、回收、驻留、巡航或系留状态下所涉及的空气动力学问题及其重要性进行分析,介绍飞艇空气动力学研究的进展和主要结论,指出需要进一步解决的问题。低空飞艇的空气动力学问题主要包括厚艇身带来的流动分离与减阻... 详细信息

对低空和高空飞艇在发射、回收、驻留、巡航或系留状态下所涉及的空气动力学问题及其重要性进行分析,介绍飞艇空气动力学研究的进展和主要结论,指出需要进一步解决的问题。低空飞艇的空气动力学问题主要包括厚艇身带来的流动分离与减阻、非薄平组件的非线性干扰、柔弹性表面或系留带来的流固耦合、因低速飞行带来的环境敏感性等。大量学者进行了相应的研究。高空即平流层飞艇还涉及多种新的空气动力学问题,包括热、浮力与气动的强耦合、昼夜外形变化、发射与回收过程中的突风带影响、风切变干扰等。关于这些问题的研究处于起步阶段。另外,还针对地面及大气边界层的影响、多边形外形以及副气囊喷流与主流干扰等很少有人研究的问题对飞艇周边流场进行了初步数值模拟。

关键词：高低空飞艇空气动力学流固耦合发射回收

Winter and spring nighttime warming acclimation improves the grain yield of winter wheat via enhancing the flag leaf photosynthetic performance in the Yangtze River Basin of China

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Winter and spring nighttime warming acclimation improves the...

Accumulation of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in Superior and Inferior Grains of Winter Wheat

2014年中国作物学会学术年会

作者： Yonghui FAN YanyanYAN Chenxi HU zhongwei tian Jian CAI Dong JANG Tingbo DAI Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production ManagementMinistry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University

Impacts of asymmetric warming on wheat remain *** investigated the response of wheat to the moderate warming,we conducted a two-year field experiment under simulated warming conditions using a passive warming facility in China since 2012 to *** the experiment of climate change,consisted of winter nighttime warming(WW,1.55℃),spring nighttime warming(SW,1.85℃),ambient control(CK),we used two winter wheat cultivars which were spring cultivar Yangmai 13(YM 13) and semi-winter cultivar Yannong 19(YM 19).The results reported here prove that both WW and SW increased the grain yield,WW improved the grain yield remarkably,the growth range of grain yield of YM13 was higher than YN19;WW significantly increased the grain number and 1000-grains weight of the two wheat varieties,thus the grain yield was significantly *** previous nighttime warming acclimation increased the dry matter accumulation at different growth stages,the increase before anthesis stages was *** flag leaf area and chlorophyll content conspicuous increased at the 0-21 d after anthesis in the nighttime warming adaptation,which was benefit to capture more light for flag ***,WW and SW significantly increased net photosynthetic rate(PN),the maximum photochemical efficiency under dark-adapted(Fv/Fm) and the actual photosynthetic efficiency(ΦPSII) after booting *** increased degree of WW was higher than SW,illustrated that the moderate nighttime warming not only improved the photosynthetic rate,but also enhanced the capacity of *** addition,the degradation rate of the soluble protein and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco) were lower that of the control at 0-21 d after anthesis,the senescence rate was slowly,while the senescence rate accelerated at the21-35 d after ***,WW and SW attenuated the generating rate of superoxide anion,while decreased the membrane lipid peroxidation(MDA) content and reduced the phospholip

关键词： Wheat Nighttime warming Acclimation Photosynthetic characteristics Senescence Grain yield

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2015年第7期5卷 451-458页

作者： Hoang Kim Toan Yun BO Qin Zhou Jian Cai Xiao Wang zhongwei tian Tingbo Dai Weixing Cao Dong Jiang National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology inSouthern China Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Hue University 03 Le Loi Thua Thien Hue Province 47000 Vietnam

The difference in accumulation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） in superior and inferior grains results in the non-uniformity of grain quality in winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. The HMW-GS accumulation and glutenin macropolymer （GMP） content were studied in superior and inferior grains during the grain filling period, using the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. Compared to inferior grains, HMW-GS was formed earlier and total accumulation amount was higher in superior grains. The total HMW-GS content was higher in superior grain than that in inferior grain except at maturity. For individual HMW-GS types, the accumulation and content of subunit 7 were the highest, followed by subunit 12, while that of subunit 8 were the lowest, followed by subunit 2 in superior grain. In contrary, the accumulation and content of subunit 7 at maturity were significantly higher than subunit 8, but they were similar between subunit 2 and subunit 12 in inferior grain. Moreover, the accumulation of subunit 7 and 12 in superior grain were significantly higher than that in inferior grain. However, compared to the inferior grain, the GMP accumulation was higher, while content was lower in superior grain at maturity.

关键词： Superior and inferior grains HMW-GS GMP winter wheat.