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Experimental investigation on the cuttings formation process and its relationship with cutting force in single PDC cutter tests

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1779-1787页

作者： Xian-wei Dai zhong-wei huang Tao huang Peng-Ju Chen Huai-zhong Shi Shuang Yan State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanPR China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum-BejingBeijing102249PR China PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company Northeast Sichuan Gas District PR China

The single polycrystalline diamond compact(PDC)cutter test is widely used to investigate the mecha-nism of *** generated cuttings and cutting force are important indexes reflecting the rock failure ***,they were treated as two separate parameters in previous *** this study,through a series of rock block cutting tests,the relationship between them was investigated to obtain an in-depth understanding of the formation of *** addition,to validate the standpoints obtained in the aforementioned experiments,rock sheet cutting tests were conducted and the rock failure process was monitored by a high-speed camera frame by *** cutting force was recorded with the same sampling rate as the *** this design,every sampled point of cutting force can match a picture captured by the camera,which reflects the interaction between the rock and the *** results indicate that the increase in cutting depth results in a transition of rock failure *** shallow cutting depth,ductile failure dominates and all the cuttings are produced by the compression of the *** corresponding cutting force fluctuates ***,beyond the critical depth,brittle failure occurs and chunk-like cuttings appear,which leads to a sharp decrease in cutting *** that,the generation of new surface results in a significant decrease in actual cutting depth,a parameter proposed to reflect the interaction between the rock and the ***,ductile failure dominates again and a slight fluctuation of cutting force can be *** the cutter moves to the rock,the actual cutting depth gradually increases,which results in the subsequent generation of chunk-like *** is accompanied by an obvious cutting force *** is,ductile failure and brittle failure,one following another,present at large cutting *** transition of rock failure mode can be correlated with the variation of cutting *** on the results of

关键词： Rock breaking Cutting force PDC cutter Cuttings

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Effects of supercritical CO_(2) on viscoelastic properties of shales

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Petroleum Science 2022年第5期19卷 2199-2209页

作者： Da-wei Zhou Guang-Qing Zhang zhong-wei huang Shi-Yuan Li Zong-Yang Fan College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum in BeijingBeijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum in BeijingBeijing102249China

Laboratory uniaxial compression creep tests,with differential stress of 30 MPa hold for 3 h,were performed on Chang-7,Longmaxi(LMX)and Barnett shales to study the influence of SC-CO_(2)on short-term viscoelastic *** this end,the wet shale samples were treated with SC-CO_(2)with a pressure of30 MPa and a temperature of 110℃for 14 *** analyzed the creep data using the fractional Maxwell *** investigate microscopic structural alterations,the surface morphology of the same location,before and after SC-CO_(2)-water exposure,was examined by SEM *** with dry shales,dynamic and static elastic moduli decreased by up to 25.02%and 55.83%,respectively,but the creep deformation increased by 200%for LMX and Chang-7 shales,and 500%for the Barnett shale treated by SC-CO_(2).Compared to dry sample,there is an increase in calculated fractional orders of 0.02,0.07,0.22 for SC-CO_(2)treated samples,indicating that SC-CO_(2)treatment is likely to enhance shale *** investigation confirmed physicochemical mechanisms responsible for the observed elastic damage and creep enhancement,including mineral dissolution and swelling caused by SC-CO_(2).This work would further improve our current understanding of the time-dependent deformation of shale under chemicalmechanical coupling effects during CO_(2)capture utilization and storage.

关键词： Shale creep Viscoelastic deformation SC-CO_(2)exposure Physicochemical mechanisms

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Performances of a Stinger PDC cutter breaking granite: Cutting force and mechanical specific energy in single cutter tests

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 1087-1103页

作者： Chao Xiong zhong-wei huang Huai-zhong Shi Rui-Yue Yang Gang Wu Han Chen Wen-Hao He China University of Petroleum(Beijing) Beijing102249China Dagang Oilfield Company Tianjin Gas Storage BranchTianjin300280China

The Stinger PDC cutter has high rock-breaking efficiency and excellent impact and wear resistance, which can significantly increase the rate of penetration (ROP) and extend PDC bit life for drilling hard and abrasive formation. The knowledge of force response and mechanical specific energy (MSE) for the Stinger PDC cutter is of great importance for improving the cutter's performance and optimizing the hybrid PDC bit design. In this paper, 87 single cutter tests were conducted on the granite. A new method for precisely obtaining the rock broken volume was proposed. The influences of cutting depth, cutting angle, and cutting speed on cutting force and MSE were analyzed. Besides, a phenomenological cutting force model of the Stinger PDC cutter was established by regression of experimental data. Moreover, the surface topography and fracture morphology of the cutting groove and large size cuttings were measured by a 3D profilometer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, the rock-breaking mechanism of the Stinger PDC cutter was illustrated. The results indicated that the cutting depth has the greatest influence on the cutting force and MSE, while the cutting speed has no obvious effects, especially at low cutting speeds. As the increase of cutting depth, the cutting force increases linearly, and MSE reduces with a quadratic polynomial relationship. When the cutting angle raises from 10° to 30°, the cutting force increases linearly, and the MSE firstly decreases and then increases. The optimal cutting angle for breaking rock is approximately 20°. The Stinger PDC cutter breaks granite mainly by high concentrated point loading and tensile failure, which can observably improve the rock breaking efficiency. The key findings of this work will help to reveal the rock-breaking mechanisms and optimize the cutter arrangement for the Stinger PDC cutter.

关键词： Stinger PDC cutter Cutting force Mechanical specific energy Single cutter tests

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Internal flow mechanism of cone-straight nozzle

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Petroleum Science 2021年第5期18卷 1507-1519页

作者： Tian-Wen Jiang zhong-wei huang Jing-Bin Li Yi-Su Zhou State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China

Cone-straight nozzle has been widely used in well bore cleaning,assisting drilling in petroleum industries due to its good clustering *** structure including cone angle and throat length has also been studied by scholars and been ***,the internal flow properties have not been investigated clearly especially the boundary layer *** this paper LES model is used to capture the small-scale flow state near the nozzle *** RNG k-epsilon model is used to validate the accuracy of the LES simulation,the simulation data shows a good *** different inlet velocities are considered in *** velocity distribution,shear stress,boundary layer thickness,skin friction coefficient and Reynolds stress are analyzed,the boundary layer separation and transition are *** state of flow inside nozzle is laminar with inlet velocity of 1 m/s and gradually transferred into turbulent with the increasing inlet *** most severe turbulence is at the entrance of the throat section,the vortex structure appears at the entrance of converging section and dose not survive,the vortex structure appears in sequence along the throat section wall when the inlet velocity is set to 5 m/s and 10 m/s the flow properties along the conical nozzle are revealed clearly,the main flow resistance is mainly produced in throat *** these works aim to provide theoretical support for the further processing optimization of the nozzle structure and reduce the flow resistance of nozzle.

关键词： Cone-straight nozzle Boundary layer Flow resistance

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Visualization of hydraulic fracture interacting with pre-existing fracture

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Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3723-3735页

作者： Zi-Xiao Xie Xiao-Guang Wu Teng-Da Long zhong-wei huang Gen-Sheng Li Wen-Chao Zou Zhao-wei Sun State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China

Hydraulic fracturing is considered the main stimulation method to develop shale gas reservoirs. Due to its strong heterogeneity, the shale gas formation is typically embedded with geological discontinuities such as bedding planes and natural fractures. Many researchers realized that the interaction between natural fractures and hydraulic fractures plays a crucial role in generating a complex fracture network. In this paper, true tri-axial hydraulic fracturing tests were performed on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), on which pre-existing fracture was pre-manufactured to simulate natural fracture. A cohesive model has been developed to verify the results of the experimental tests. The key findings demonstrate that the experimental results agreed well with the numerical simulation outcomes where three main interaction modes were observed: crossing;being arrested by opening the pre-existing fracture;being arrested without dilating the pre-existing fracture. Crossing behavior is more likely to occur with the approaching angle, horizontal stress difference, and injection rate increase. Furthermore, the higher flow rate might assist in reactivating the natural fractures where both sides of the pre-existing fractures were reactivated as the injection rate increased from 5 to 20 mL/min. Additionally, hydraulic fractures show a tendency to extend vertically rather than along the direction of maximum horizontal stress when they are first terminated at the interface. This research may contribute to the field application of hydraulic fracturing in shale gas formation.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Natural fracture Fracture propagation Interaction mode PMMA

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CFD analysis and field observation of tool erosion caused by abrasive waterjet fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2020年第3期17卷 701-711页

作者： Mao Sheng zhong-wei huang Shou-Ceng Tian Yi Zhang Shi-Wang Gao Yun-Peng Jia State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing 102249China College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing 102249China Petroleum Engineering Research Institute of PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company Tianjin 300270China

Abrasive waterjet(AWJ)fracturing has become an accepted horizontal multistage stimulation technique due to its flexibility and high efficiency of extensive fracture *** downhole tool failure of AWJ fracturing becomes an issue in the massive hydraulic fracturing because of high velocity and proppant *** paper proposed a 3D computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-based erosion model by considering high-velocity waterjet impact,proppant shear erosion,and specific inner structure of hydra-jet tool *** discrete phase approach was used to track the proppant transport and its concentration *** observation provides strong evidence of erosion patterns and mechanisms obtained from CFD *** results show that the erosion rate has a space dependence in the inner wall of the tool *** severe erosion areas are primarily located at the entries of the *** erosion patterns are found including a‘Rabbit’s ear’erosion at the upper-layer nozzles and a half bottom loop erosion at the lower-layer *** mechanisms attribute to high flow velocity at the entry of nozzles and the inertia force of *** analysis demonstrates that the pumping rate is a primary factor contributing to erosion intensity.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Erosion Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) Waterjet

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Productivity enhancement in multilayered coalbed methane reservoirs by radial borehole fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2022年第6期19卷 2844-2866页

作者： Rui-Yue Yang Gen-Sheng Li Xiao-Zhou Qin zhong-wei huang Jing-Bin Li Mao Sheng Bin Wang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

Coalbed methane(CBM)is an important unconventional natural *** of multilayered CBM reservoir is still facing the challenge of low production *** borehole fracturing,which integrates radial jet drilling and hydraulic fracturing,is expected to create complex fracture networks in multilayers and enhance CBM *** main purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms and efficacy of radial borehole fracturing in increasing CBM production in multiple ***,a two-phase flow and multi-scale 3 D fracture network including radial laterals,hydraulic fractures and face/butt cleats model is established,and embedded discrete fracture model(EDFM)is applied to handle the complex fracture ***,effects of natural-fracture nonuniform distribution are investigated to show the advantages of targeted stimulation for radial borehole ***,two field CBM wells located in eastern Yunnan-western Guizhou,China were presented to illuminate the stimulation efficiency by radial borehole *** results indicated that compared with vertical well fracturing,radial borehole fracturing can achieve higher gas/water daily production rate and cumulative gas/water production,approximately 2 times *** communications to cleats and sweet spots and flexibility in designing radial borehole parameters in different layers so as to increase fracture-network complexity and connectivity are the major reasons for production enhancement of radial borehole ***,the integration of geology-engineering is vital for the decision of radial borehole fracturing designing *** key findings of this paper could provide useful insights towards understanding the capability of radial borehole fracturing in developing CBM and coal-measure gas in multiple-thin layers.

关键词： Coalbed methane Multilayered coal beds Radial borehole fracturing Complex fracture networks Cleats distribution

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Experimental investigation of tubing collar's influence on hydrodynamic behavior of annular duct flow

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Petroleum Science 2022年第5期19卷 2326-2342页

作者： Yi-Su Zhou zhong-wei huang Zhuang-Zhuang Zhang Tian-Wen Jiang Rui-Yue Yang Ming-He Zhang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum ChangpingBeijing 102249China China University of Petroleum(Beijing) ChangpingBeijing 102249China

Tubing collars’influence on hydrodynamic behavior of annular duct flow has been investigated using Particle Image Velocity(PIV)*** has become an efficient method for complex transient flows visualization.A water flow loop with two replaceable variable cross-sections(VCS),75-90 mm and 90-110 mm,in a 129 mm inner diameter(ID)pipe was *** whole field of the variable cross-section annulus(VCSA)was visualized,including forward-facing step(FFS),narrow annulus(NA),and backwardfacing step(BFS)*** VCSA ratio and Reynolds(Re)number influence on streamline distribution,velocity distribution,and turbulence intensity were *** showed that the recirculation is easier to form in BFS than FFS flow under the same *** VCSA ratio affects the formation of recirculation zones and the location of the reattachment *** number mainly affects BFS flow by influencing the main velocity component-axial *** turbulence intensity is relatively high in BFS than FFS flow and is larger at y/h>1.0 than y/h<***,the streamwise cohere nt structures reveal that the first two modes are predominant and represent the main characteristics of the flow by proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)method.

关键词： Variable cross-section annulus flow Sudden contraction and expansion Hydrodynamic behavior PIV POD

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Enhance liquid nitrogen fracturing performance on hot dry rock by cyclic injection

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 951-972页

作者： Chun-Yang Hong Rui-Yue Yang zhong-wei huang Xiao-Ying Zhuang Hai-Tao Wen Xiao-Li Hu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Chair of Computational Science and Simulation Technology Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsLeibniz Universität HannoverHannover30167Germany

Producing complex fracture networks in a safe way plays a critical role in the hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal energy exploitation. However, conventional hydraulic fracturing (HF) generally produces high breakdown pressure and results only in single main fracture morphology. Furthermore, HF has also other problems such as the increased risk of seismic events and consuption of large amount of water. In this work, a new stimulation method based on cyclic soft stimulation (CSS) and liquid nitrogen (LN2) fracturing, known as cyclic LN2 fracturing is explored, which we believe has the potential to solve the above issues related to HF. The fracturing performances including breakdown pressure and fracture morphology on granites under true-triaxial stresses are investigated and compared with cyclic water fracturing. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) tests and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning tests were used for quantitative characterization of fracture parameters and to evaluate the cyclic LN2 fracturing performances. The results demonstrate that the cyclic LN2 fracturing results in reduced breakdown pressure, with between 21% and 67% lower pressure compared with using cyclic water fracturing. Cyclic LN2 fracturing tends to produce more complex and branched fractures, whereas cyclic water fracturing usually produces a single main fracture under a low number of cycles and pressure levels. Thermally-induced fractures mostly occur around the interfaces of different particles. This study shows the potential benefits of cyclic LN2 fracturing on HDR. It is expected to provide theoretical guidance for the cyclic LN2 fracturing application in HDR reservoirs.

关键词： Hot dry rock Liquid nitrogen fracturing Cyclic injection Thermal stress Fatigue damage

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Simulation study of supercritical carbon dioxide jet fracturing for carbonate geothermal reservoir based on fluid-thermo-mechanical coupling model

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1750-1767页

作者： Jian-Xiang Chen Rui-Yue Yang zhong-wei huang Xiao-Guang Wu Shi-Kun Zhang Hai-Zhu Wang Feng Ma State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Beijing102206China The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang050061HebeiChina Technology Innovation Center of Geothermal&Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development Ministry of Natural ResourcesShijiazhuang050061HebeiChina

Geothermal energy is a kind of renewable,sustainable and clean energy *** energy is abundant in carbonate ***,low matrix permeability limits its *** super-critical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_(2))jet fracturing is expected to efficiently stimulate the carbonate geothermal reservoirs and achieve the storage of CO_(2) *** this paper,we established a transient seepage and fluid-thermo-mechanical coupled model to analyze the impact performance of sc-CO_(2) jet *** mesh-based parallel code coupling interface was employed to couple the fluid and solid domains by exchanging the data through the mesh *** physical properties change of sC-CO_(2) with temperature were considered in the numerical *** showed that SC-CO_(2) jet frac-turing is superior to water-jet fracturing with respect to jetting velocity,particle trajectory and ***,stress distribution on the carbonate rock showed that the tensile and shear failure would more easily occur by SC-CO_(2) jet than that by water ***,pressure and temperature control the jet field and seepage field of sC-CO_(2) *** the jet temperature can effectively enhance the impingement effect and seepage process by decreasing the viscosity and density of SC-CO_(2).The key findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis and design reference for applying SC-CO_(2) jet fracturing in carbonate geothermal reservoirs.

关键词： Carbonate Carbon capture utilization and storage(CCUS) Jet fracturing Coupled model Geothermal reservoir

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