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Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Dominance of XBB Replacement — China, January–June 2023

China CDC weekly 2024年第15期6卷 324-331页

作者： Yenan Feng Qiudong Su Lili Li Xiaozhou He Peihua Niu Xiaojuan Guo Xiang Zhao Jing Tang Zhiyuan Jia Ji Wang Changcheng Wu Baicheng Xia zhixiao chen Yuchao Wu Jing Yang Songqi chen Cao chen Shiwen Wang Xiaoping Dong National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:In the first half of 2023,a global shift was observed towards the predominance of XBB *** faced a significant epidemic between late 2022 and early 2023 due to Omicron subvariants BA.5.2 and *** study aims to depict the evolving variant distribution among provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China and explore the factors driving the predominance of XBB ***:Sequences from local and imported coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases recorded between January 1 and June 30,2023,were *** study analyzed the changing distribution of viral variants and assessed how the prior dominance of specific variants,XBB subvariants,and imported cases influenced the prevalence of the XBB replacement ***:A total of 56,486 sequences were obtained from local cases,and 8,669 sequences were from imported *** in April,there was a shift in the prevalence of XBB from imported to local cases,with varying dominance among *** PLADs previously high in BF.7,the rise of XBB was delayed.A positive correlation was found between XBB proportions in imported cases from January to March and local cases in *** distribution pattern of XBB subvariants differed between local and imported cases within the same *** significant differences were noted in the replacement rates of XBB ***:The timing of XBB dominance differed among various PLADs in China in the first half of 2023,correlating closely with the prevalence of XBB variants among imported cases.

关键词： dominance imported distribution

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The First Two Imported Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant—Tianjin Municipality,China,December 13,2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第4期4卷 76-77页

作者： Zhaolin Tan zhixiao chen Aiping Yu Xiaoyan Li Yenan Feng Xiang Zhao Wenbo Xu Xu Su Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention TianjinChina National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention China CDCBeijingChina

On December 9,2021,2 international passengers arrived in Tianjin Binhai International Airport from Warsaw,Poland via airplane and tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),using nucleic acid *** first case(Patient A)was a flight crew member,a 35-year-old male,who had returned to Warsaw on the same flight on December 10,*** second case(Patient B)was a 17-year-old female student,who has been transferred to Haihe Hospital for *** cases are Polish nationality that had recently lived in Warsaw,*** to the investigation,neither patient had disease symptoms nor medication *** B received the Pfizer/BNT162b2 vaccine on September 27,*** A was vaccinated on May 25,2021,but no further vaccine information was collected as Patient A had left *** other infections from this flight have been detected.

关键词： vaccine Pfizer acute

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An imported human case with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.75 in Yunnan Province,China

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第6期4卷 406-409页

作者： Meiling Zhang zhixiao chen Jienan Zhou Xiaonan Zhao Yaoyao chen Yanhong Sun Zhaosheng Liu Wenpeng Gu Chunrui Luo Xiaoqing Fu Xiang Zhao Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention Kunming 650022China National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

The Omicron variants spread rapidly worldwide after being initially detected in South Africa in November *** showed increased transmissibility and immune evasion with far more amino acid mutations in the spike(S)protein than the previously circulating variants of concern(VOCs).Notably,on 15 July 2022,we monitored the first VOC/Omicron subvariant BA.2.75 in China from an imported ***,nowadays,this subvariant still is predominant in *** has nine additional mutations in the S protein compared to BA.2,three of which(W152R,G446S,and R493Q reversion)might contribute to higher transmissibility and immune *** subvariant could cause wider spread and pose a threat to the global *** timely reporting and continuous genomic analysis are essential to fully elucidate the characteristics of the subvariant BA.2.75 in the future.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant Mutations Genomic analysis

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Emergence of a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariant BA.2.2 with a 454-Nucleotide Genomic Deletion-Sichuan Province,China,May 10,2022

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China CDC weekly 2022年第40期4卷 904-906页

作者： Yuliang Feng Xiang Zhao Tao Luo zhixiao chen Huiping Yang Na chen Xiaozhen Ma Mingyuan Li Weihua Zhang Sikai Jia Xun Yuan Ming Pan Linlin Zhou Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu CitySichuan ProvinceChina National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina West China School of Basic Medical Sciences&Forensic Medicine Sichuan UniversityChengdu CitySichuan ProvinceChina College of Computer Science Sichuan UniversityChengdu CitySichuan ProvinceChina Guang’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guang’an CitySichuan ProvinceChina

On May 9,2022,3 local residents in Guang’an City,Sichuan Province,tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and were diagnosed as asymptomatic infections with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in a local outbreak,and as of May 14,a total of 20 confirmed cases and 398 asymptomatic infections were *** genome sequencing was performed directly on the nasal and throat swab specimens from the initial three asymptomatic infected individuals using the Illumina MiSeq platform(Illumina,San Diego,CA,USA).The complete genome sequences of 3 SARSCoV-2 strains,named SC1215,SC1216,and SC1217,were *** sequence of SC1217 has been deposited in the GISAID database(under the accession number EPI_ISL_12725020).

关键词： residents Whole fir

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Surveillance and Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Importation—China,January–June 2022

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China CDC weekly 2022年第50期4卷 1136-1142页

作者： Yenan Feng Xiang Zhao Zeyuan Yin Changcheng Wu zhixiao chen Kai Nie Ruhan A Lili Li Peihua Niu Ji Wang Yuchao Wu Shiwen Wang Dayan Wang Wenjie Tan Huanyu Wang Xuejun Ma George FGao Cao chen Wenbo Xu National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases BeijingChina.

Introduction:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron variant is the dominant circulating strain *** assess the importation of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the mainland of China during the Omicron epidemic,the genomic surveillance data of SARS-CoV-2 from imported coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases in the mainland of China during the first half of 2022 were ***:Sequences submitted from January to July 2022,with a collection date before June 30,2022,were *** proportions of SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as the relationships between the origin and destination of each Omicron imported case were ***:4,946 sequences of imported cases were submitted from 27 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs),and the median submission interval was within 1 month after *** 3,851 Omicron sequences with good quality,1 recombinant(XU)and 4 subvariants under monitoring(BA.4,BA.5,BA.2.12.1,and BA.2.13)were recorded,and 3 of them(BA.4,BA.5,and BA.2.12.1)caused local transmissions in the mainland of China later than that recorded in the *** subvariants dominated in the first half of 2022 and shifted from BA.1 to BA.2 then to BA.4 and *** percentage of BA.2 in the imported SARS-CoV-2 surveillance data was far higher than that in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data(GISAID).The imported cases from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China,accounted for 32.30%of Omicron cases sampled,and 98.71%of them were ***:The Omicron variant showed the intra-Omicron evolution in the first half of 2022,and all of the Omicron subvariants were introduced into the mainland of China multiple times from multiple different locations.

关键词： mainland imported submitted

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Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern from Imported COVID-19 Cases-the Mainland of China,2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第31期4卷 680-684页

作者： Yenan Feng Xiang Zhao zhixiao chen Kai Nie Zeyuan Yin Ying Xia Ji Wang Peihua Niu Ruhan A Lili Li Dayan Wang Wenjie Tan Xuejun Ma Shiwen Wang Huanyu Wang George F.Gao Cao chen Wenbo Xu National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases BeijingChina

Introduction:After the epidemic in Wuhan City was brought under control in 2020,local outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in the mainland of China were mainly due to imported COVID-19 *** ongoing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has continued to generate new *** have been designated as variants of concern(VOCs)by the World Health Organization(WHO).To better assess the role of imported SARS-CoV-2 surveillance and the prevalence of VOCs in 2021,the genomic surveillance data of SARS-CoV-2 from imported COVID-19 cases of 2021 in the mainland of China were ***:The analyses included the number of sequence submissions,time of sequence deposition,and time of detection of the VOCs in order to determine the timeliness and sensitivity of the *** proportions of VOCs were analyzed and compared with data from the Global Initiative of Sharing All Influenza Data(GISAID).Results:A total of 3,355 sequences of imported cases were submitted from 29 provincial-level administrative divisions,with differences in the number of sequence submissions and median time of sequence deposition.A total of 2,388 sequences with more than 90%genomic coverage were used for lineage *** epidemic trend from Alpha to Delta to Omicron in imported cases was consistent with that in the *** addition,VOCs from imported cases were usually identified after WHO designation and before causing local ***:The global distribution of SARSCoV-2 VOCs changed rapidly in *** genomic surveillance of the imported SARS-CoV-2 in the mainland of China is of great *** acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),is constantly mutating under the different circumstances of global transmission(1).The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may have potential adverse impacts on epidemic traits and *** some extent,it is also

关键词： mainland imported designated

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Surface Modification of Rice Husk Ash by Ethanol-assisted Milling to Reinforce the Properties of Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber Composites

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2021年第3期37卷 757-762页

作者： chen zhixiao QIAN Miaomiao LIU Chang XUE Beichen YULiyun ZHU Yanchao WANG Xiaofeng State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis&Preparative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P.R.China Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision Test Institute Changchun130103P.R.China

Rice husk ash(RHA),obtained by pyrolysis of rice husks,can be used as a potential reinforcing filler for rubber *** this work,ball milling in ethanol(ethanol-assisted milling)was used to hydroxylate the surface of RHA,promoting the graft modification of bis-(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide(Si69).The obtained modified RHA(RHA-EM-Si69)was filled into the natural rubber/butadiene rubber(NR/BR)composites,and the filler-rubber interactions were *** consequence,RHA-EM-Si69 filled NR/BR composites showed overall improvement in the mechanical properties compared with RHA filled NR/BR *** tear strength increased from 13.37 kN/m to 34.71 kN/m,and the tensile strength increased from 1.84 MPa to 7.75 *** black(N774)was also used for comparison under the same *** method provides a potential for promoting the value of RHA in rubber industry.

关键词： Ethanol-assisted milling Rice husk ash Rubber reinforcement

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Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2—China,September 26,2022 to January 29,2023

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China CDC weekly 2023年第7期5卷 143-151页

作者： Shiwen Wang Peihua Niu Qiudong Su Xiaozhou He Jing Tang Ji Wang Yenan Feng Cao chen Xiang Zhao zhixiao chen Wenling Wang Zeyuan Yin Yuchao Wu Changcheng Wu Lili Li Aili Cui Yan Zhang Caiyun Long Xiaoyu Yang Zhongxian Zhang Hong Bo Wenbo Xu SARS-CoV-Genome Working Group National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases BeijingChina 不详

Introduction:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has generated 2,431 variants over the course of its global transmission over the past 3 *** better evaluate the genomic variation of SARS-CoV-2 before and after the optimization of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)prevention and control strategies,we analyzed the genetic evolution branch composition and genomic variation of SARS-CoV-2 in both domestic and imported cases in China(the data from Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan,China were not included)from September 26,2022 to January 29,***:Analysis of the number of genome sequences,sampling time,dynamic changes of evolutionary branches,origin,and clinical typing of SARS-CoV-2 variants submitted by 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC)was conducted to assess the accuracy and timeliness of SARS-CoV-2 variant ***:From September 26,2022 to January 29,2023,20,013 valid genome sequences of domestic cases were reported in China,with 72 evolutionary ***,1,978 valid genome sequences of imported cases were reported,with 169 evolutionary *** prevalence of the Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in both domestic and imported cases was consistent with that of international epidemic ***:This study provides an overview of the prevalence of Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in *** optimizing COVID-19 prevention and control strategies,no novel Omicron variants of SARSCoV-2 with altered biological characteristics or public health significance have been identified since December 1,2022.

关键词： prevention imported Taiwan

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Numerical Simulation Method of Atmospheric Optical Communication based on the "Frozen Turbulence" Hypothesis

Numerical Simulation Method of Atmospheric Optical Communica...

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作者： YU Song JIANG Long chen zhixiao Institute of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

＜正＞1 Introduction Atmospheric optical communication which is also called Free Space Optical（FSO）Communication is becoming an attractive solution for wireless optical communications for its potential high-data-rate,low cost,and particularly wide bandwidth on unregulated spectra[1-3].In recent several decades,there have been amounts of theory,simulation and experiment study of atmospheric optical communication[4-6].Numerical

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Numerical Simulation Method of Atmospheric Optical Communication based on the "Frozen Turbulence" Hypothesis

Numerical Simulation Method of Atmospheric Optical Communica...

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作者： YU Song JIANG Long chen zhixiao Institute of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

1 Introduction Atmospheric optical communication which is also called Free Space Optical(FSO)Communication is becoming an attractive solution for wireless optical communications for its potential high-data-rate,low cost,and particularly wide bandwidth on unregulated spectra~([1-3]).In recent several decades,there have been amounts of theory,simulation and experiment study of atmospheric optical communication~([4-6]).Numerical simulation is one of these methods and is significant for research on *** is not only a cost-efficient and

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