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Chemical characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from multiple cooking cuisines and purification efficiency assessments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第8期130卷 163-173页

作者： Hanyu Zhang XuejunWang Xianbao Shen Xin Li BoboWu Guohao Li Huahua Bai Xinyue Cao Xuewei Hao Qi Zhou zhiliang yao School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and ApplicationNational Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research CenterBeijing 100037China

Cooking process can produce abundant volatile organic compounds(VOCs),which are harmful to environment and human health.Therefore,we conducted a comprehensive analysis in which VOCs emissions from multiple cuisines have been sampled based on the simulation and acquisition platform,involving concentration characteristics,ozone formation potential(OFP)and purification efficiency assessments.VOCs emissions varied from 1828.5 to 14,355.1μg/m^(3),with the maximumand minimumvalues fromBarbecue and Family cuisine,respectively.Alkanes and alcohol had higher contributions to VOCs from Sichuan and Hunan cuisine(64.1%),Family cuisine(66.3%),Shandong cuisine(69.1%)and Cantonese cuisine(69.8%),with the dominant VOCs species of ethanol,isobutane and n-butane.In comparison,alcohols(79.5%)were abundant for Huaiyang cuisine,while alkanes(19.7%),alkenes(35.9%)and haloalkanes(22.9%)accounted for higher proportions from Barbecue.Specially,carbon tetrachloride,n-hexylene and 1-butene were the most abundant VOCs species for Barbecue,ranging from 8.8%to 14.6%.The highest OFP occurred in Barbecue.The sensitive species of OFP for Huaiyang cuisine were alcohols,while other cuisines were alkenes.Purification efficiency assessments shed light on the removal differences of individual and synergistic control technologies.VOCs emissions exhibited a strong dependence on the photocatalytic oxidation,with the removal efficiencies of 29.0%–54.4%.However,the high voltage electrostatic,wet purification and mechanical separation techniques played a mediocre or even counterproductive role in the VOCs reduction,meanwhile collaborative control technologies could not significantly improve the removal efficiency.Our results identifiedmore effective control technologies,which were conductive to alleviating air pollution from cooking emissions.

关键词： Cooking emissions Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) VOCs categories Ozone formation potential(OFP) Purification efficiency

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Real-world emission characteristics of carbonyl compounds from agricultural machines based on a portable emission measurement system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 846-859页

作者： Wenhan Yu Xianbao Shen BoboWu Lei Kong Kaijie Xuan Cheng Zhao Xinyue Cao Xuewei Hao Xin Li Hanyu Zhang zhiliang yao School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Emissions of carbonyl compounds from agricultural machines cannot be ignored.Carbonyl compounds can cause the formation of ozone(O3)and secondary organic aerosols,which can cause photochemical smog to form.In this study,20 agricultural machines were tested using portable emission measurement system(PEMS)under real-world tillage processes.The exhaust gases were sampled using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridges,and 15 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Carbonyl compound emission factors for agricultural machines were 51.14–3315.62 mg/(kg-fuel),and were 2.58±2.05,0.86±1.07 and 0.29±0.20 g/(kg-fuel)for China 0,China II and China III emission standards,respectively.Carbonyl compound emission factor for sowing seeds of China 0 agricultural machines was 3.32±1.73 g/(kg-fuel).Formaldehyde,acetaldehyde and acrolein were the dominant carbonyl compounds emitted.Differences in emission standards and tillage processes impact ozone formation potential(OFP).The mean OFP was 20.15±16.15 g O3/(kg-fuel)for the China 0 emission standard.The OFP values decreased by 66.9% from China 0 to China II,and 67.4%from China II to China III.The mean OFP for sowing seeds of China 0 agricultural machines was 25.92±13.84 g O3/(kg-fuel).Between 1.75 and 24.22 times more ozone was found to be formed during sowing seeds than during other processes for China 0 and China II agricultural machines.Total carbonyl compound emissions from agricultural machines in China was 19.23 Gg in 2019.The results improve our understanding of carbonyl compound emissions from agricultural machines in China.

关键词： Agricultural machines Carbonyl compounds Emission characteristics Tillage process PEMS

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Development of database of real-world diesel vehicle emission factors for China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 209-220页

作者： Xianbao Shen zhiliang yao Qiang Zhang David Vance Wagner Hong Huo Yingzhi Zhang Bo Zheng Kebin He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University School of Food and Chemical Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Tsinghua University

A database of real-world diesel vehicle emission factors, based on type and technology, has been developed following tests on more than 300 diesel vehicles in China using a portable emission measurement system. The database provides better understanding of diesel vehicle emissions under actual driving conditions. We found that although new regulations have reduced real-world emission levels of diesel trucks and buses significantly for most pollutants in China, NOx emissions have been inadequately controlled by the current standards, especially for diesel buses, because of bad driving conditions in the real world. We also compared the emission factors in the database with those calculated by emission factor models and used in inventory studies. The emission factors derived from COPERT（Computer Programmer to calculate Emissions from Road Transport） and MOBILE may both underestimate real emission factors, whereas the updated COPERT and PART5（Highway Vehicle Particulate Emission Modeling Software） models may overestimate emission factors in China. Real-world measurement results and emission factors used in recent emission inventory studies are inconsistent,which has led to inaccurate estimates of emissions from diesel trucks and buses over recent years. This suggests that emission factors derived from European or US-based models will not truly represent real-world emissions in China. Therefore, it is useful and necessary to conduct systematic real-world measurements of vehicle emissions in China in order to obtain the optimum inputs for emission inventory models.

关键词： Diesel vehicle Emission factor Portable emission measurement system Database China

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Variation characteristics of fine particulate matter and its components in diesel vehicle emission plumes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第9期33卷 138-149页

作者： Xianbao Shen Jiateng Hao Lei Kong Yue Shi Xinyue Cao Jiacheng Shi zhiliang yao Xin Li Bobo Wu Yiming Xu Kebin He State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

A rapid reaction occurs near the exhaust nozzle when vehicle emissions contact the air.Twenty diesel vehicles were studied using a new multipoint sampling system that is suitable for studying the exhaust plume near the exhaust nozzle.The variation characteristics of fine particle matter(PM_(2.5)) and its components in diesel vehicle exhaust plumes were analyzed.The PM_(2.5) emissions gradually increased with increasing distance from the nozzle in the plume.Elemental carbon emissions remained basically unchanged, organic carbon and total carbon(TC) increased with increasing distance.The concentrations of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+) (SNA) directly emitted by the vehicles were very low but increased rapidly in the exhaust plume.The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) reduced 42.7% TC, 40% NO_(3)^(-) emissions, but increased 104% SO_(4)^(2-) and 36% NH_(4)^(+) emissions, respectively.In summary,the SCR reduced 29% primary PM_(2.5) emissions for the tested diesel vehicles.The NH_(4)NO_(3) particle formation maybe more important in the plume, and there maybe other forms of formation of NH_(4)^(+) (eg.NH4Cl).The generation of secondary organic carbon(SOC) plays a leading role in the generation of secondary PM_(2.5).The SCR enhanced the formation of SOC and SNA in the plume, but comprehensive analysis shows that the SCR more enhanced the SNA formation in the plume, which is mainly new particles formation process.The inconsistency between secondary organic aerosol(SOA) and primary organic aerosol definitions is one of the important reasons for the difference between SOA simulation and observation.

关键词： Variation characteristics Diesel vehicle Emission plume PM2.5 Components

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Organic ligand nanoarchitectonics for BiVO_(4) photoanodes surface passivation and cocatalyst grafting

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3667-3674页

作者： Jingyi Lin Xin Li zhiliang Wang Runlu Liu Hui Pan Yixin Zhao Lingti Kong yao Li Shenmin Zhu Lianzhou Wang State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnologythe University of QueenslandQLD 4072Australia School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China

Bismuth vanadate(BiVO_(4))is a promising photoanode material for efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting,whereas its performance is inhibited by detrimental surface states.To solve the problem,herein,a low-cost organic molecule 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid(BTC)is selected for surface passivation of BiVO_(4) photoanodes(BVOs),which also provides bonding sites for Co^(2+)to anchor,resulting in a Co-BTC-BVO photoanode.Owing to its strong coordination with metal ions,BTC not only passivates surface states of BVO,but also provides bonding between BVO and catalytic active sites(Co^(2+))to form a molecular cocatalyst.Computational study and interfacial charge kinetic investigation reveal that chemical bonding formed at the interface greatly suppresses charge recombination and accelerates charge transfer.The obtained Co-BTC-BVO photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 4.82 mA/cm^(2) at 1.23 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)and a low onset potential of 0.22 VRHE under AM 1.5 G illumination,which ranks among the best photoanodes coupled with Co-based cocatalysts.This work presents a novel selection of passivation layers and emphasizes the significance of interfacial chemical bonding for the construction of efficient photoanodes.

关键词： bismuth vanadate photoanode water splitting surface passivation bridging ligands

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华北克拉通南缘古元古代晚期汝阳群微体化石及其古环境意义:来自微细构造和生物标志化合物的证据

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地球科学 2021年第11期46卷 4072-4083页

作者：李猛王钊飞姚志亮中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心中国地质调查局造山带地质研究中心陕西西安710054 自然资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室陕西西安710054 汉中西北有色七一一总队有限公司陕西汉中723000 西安西北有色物化探总队有限公司陕西西安710068

华北克拉通南缘古元古代晚期汝阳群白草坪组页岩中产出大量的具刺和细网状纹饰的球形疑源类,其中以Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum与Dictyosphaera macroreticulata化石标本最具代表性.利用扫描电子显微镜结合光学生物显微镜对其... 详细信息

华北克拉通南缘古元古代晚期汝阳群白草坪组页岩中产出大量的具刺和细网状纹饰的球形疑源类,其中以Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum与Dictyosphaera macroreticulata化石标本最具代表性.利用扫描电子显微镜结合光学生物显微镜对其膜壳微细构造进行观察,结果显示:膜壳表面的刺饰形态具有多样性分叉;其膜壳壁可能是由多边形网脊及膜层构成,而不是由多角形板片及膜层构成.同时通过对比研究,认为两种最具代表性的特征分子可能是同一生物不同阶段的产物.此外,通过对赋存微体化石页岩进行生物标志化合物分析,检测到的姥鲛烷/植烷比(Pr/Ph)大于1、伽马蜡烷丰度中等及生物标志化合物(C_(30)藿烷、C_(27)甾烷和三环萜烷),结合前人关于汝阳群沉积环境的研究,不仅指示了汝阳群微体化石群沉积古环境应为正常的海洋环境——滨海-浅海相,也指示了元古代真核生物已经存在,为重建微体化石群和探讨早期生命演化提供了重要的理论依据.

关键词：汝阳群白草坪组微体化石生物标志化合物古元古代古生物学

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钻石型滤布滤池在污水处理厂深度处理中的应用

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给水排水 2012年第5期38卷 40-43页

作者：姚枝良上海市政工程设计研究总院(集团)有限公司上海200092

钻石型滤布滤池主要应用于污水处理厂的深度处理工程,是去除二级出水中SS的一种新型设备。以青岛娄山河污水处理厂升级改造工程为例,阐述了钻石型滤布滤池的工作原理和设计方法,重点分析其运行方式及设计参数选择,并列出实际运行效果,... 详细信息

钻石型滤布滤池主要应用于污水处理厂的深度处理工程,是去除二级出水中SS的一种新型设备。以青岛娄山河污水处理厂升级改造工程为例,阐述了钻石型滤布滤池的工作原理和设计方法,重点分析其运行方式及设计参数选择,并列出实际运行效果,可为同类工程的设计提供参考。

关键词：污水处理厂滤布滤池深度处理升级改造

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酸性含水气藏自适应控水完井模拟与优化

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断块油气田 2023年第6期30卷 1040-1046页

作者：赵旭周朝姚志良李晓益张睿王旭中石化石油工程技术研究院有限公司北京102206 页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室北京102206 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院北京102206 中国石油华北油田分公司质量安全环保监督中心河北任丘062450

针对酸性含水气藏的自适应控水完井技术研究仍为空白,缺乏适用于酸性含水气藏的自适应控水完井模拟与优化设计方法。为此,综合考虑地层气体非达西渗流和应力敏感效应,建立了酸性含水气藏的沉积硫饱和度模型,引入时变表皮系数反映沉积硫... 详细信息

针对酸性含水气藏的自适应控水完井技术研究仍为空白,缺乏适用于酸性含水气藏的自适应控水完井模拟与优化设计方法。为此,综合考虑地层气体非达西渗流和应力敏感效应,建立了酸性含水气藏的沉积硫饱和度模型,引入时变表皮系数反映沉积硫饱和度对地层渗透率的影响;设计了满足酸性含水气藏控水和防硫堵双重要求的新型流道型流入控制件;建立了考虑硫沉积的酸性含水气藏自适应控水完井的地层-井筒动态模拟方法,通过设计正交实验和极差分析优化自适应控水完井关键参数。研究表明:与酸性含水气藏射孔完井相比,优化后的自适应控水完井造成的附加阻力损失很小,最大附加压降小于0.67 MPa,能够在控水的同时维持酸性气井正常生产;自适应控水完井技术可以降低日产水量和累计产水量,在10 a预测末期累计产水量降幅达22.7%。优化后的自适应控水完井技术可以实现酸性含水气藏的有效控水稳气。

关键词：酸性气藏含水气藏水平井自适应流入控制控水完井数值模拟优化

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柴油车排放颗粒物研究进展

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科技导报 2011年第8期29卷 75-79页

作者：姚志良刘荣北京工商大学食品学院北京100048

柴油车排放颗粒物污染对环境和人体健康有重要危害,一直是研究的热点。本文对发动机运行工况、环境温度和燃油品质等因素对柴油车颗粒物排放的影响,柴油车颗粒物排放的测试采样方法,质量、形貌以及粒径分布等物理特征,以及元素、EC/OC... 详细信息

柴油车排放颗粒物污染对环境和人体健康有重要危害,一直是研究的热点。本文对发动机运行工况、环境温度和燃油品质等因素对柴油车颗粒物排放的影响,柴油车颗粒物排放的测试采样方法,质量、形貌以及粒径分布等物理特征,以及元素、EC/OC、无机离子和有机组分等化学特征的研究进展进行了综述,对中国已有研究存在的问题进行了归纳,并对未来相关研究进行了展望。目前,中国柴油车颗粒物源成分谱、采样分析方法,以及颗粒物组分的排放特征都需要进一步深入研究。

关键词：柴油车颗粒物排放特征

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“封建遗存”的近代境遇:1928—1930年曲阜孔庙祀田的国有化争端

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近代史研究 2021年第2期 100-116,161页

作者：吴佩林姚志良曲阜师范大学历史文化学院暨孔府档案研究中心

曲阜孔庙祀田是历代帝王封赐给衍圣公府,用以承担阙里祭祀费用的土地。1928年2月,大学院废除春秋祀孔祭典后,围绕曲阜孔庙祀田归属等问题,南京国民政府、衍圣公府及社会各方展开激烈争夺,并逐渐演变为一场文化论争。在现代国家建设过程... 详细信息

曲阜孔庙祀田是历代帝王封赐给衍圣公府,用以承担阙里祭祀费用的土地。1928年2月,大学院废除春秋祀孔祭典后,围绕曲阜孔庙祀田归属等问题,南京国民政府、衍圣公府及社会各方展开激烈争夺,并逐渐演变为一场文化论争。在现代国家建设过程中,蔡元培等人将孔庙祀田收归国家、升科纳税的提议具有一定的合理性,但衍圣公府竭力反对祀田国有,除了试图保留自身经济来源外,尚有延续儒家祭祀、恪守祖宗家法的考虑。孔祥熙等政府要员及社会上关于祀田文化意义的讨论亦反映出祀田国有问题,不只是经济争端,还关涉其所维系的儒家文化价值体系。最终,在多种因素的综合作用下,旨在收归祀田为国有的《改革曲阜林庙办法》以"暂缓执行"不了了之。孔庙祀田的境遇,为重新审视南京国民政府初期的政治文化生态提供了一个新视角。

关键词：衍圣公府孔庙祀田孔府档案

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