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A Review on the Security of the Ethereum-Based DeFi Ecosystem

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 69-101页

作者： Yue Xue Dunqiu Fan Shen Su Jialu Fu Ning hu Wenmao Liu zhihong Tian Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Guangzhou UniversityGuanzhou510000China Innovation Center NSFOCUS Inc.Beijing100089China Engineering Research Center of Integration and Application of Digital Learning Technology Ministry of EducationBeijing100816China

Decentralized finance(DeFi)is a general term for a series of financial products and services.It is based on blockchain technology and has attracted people’s attention because of its open,transparent,and intermediary free.Among them,the DeFi ecosystem based on Ethereum-based blockchains attracts the most attention.However,the current decentralized financial system built on the Ethereum architecture has been exposed to many smart contract vulnerabilities during the last few years.Herein,we believe it is time to improve the understanding of the prevailing Ethereum-based DeFi ecosystem security issues.To that end,we investigate the Ethereum-based DeFi security issues:1)inherited from the real-world financial system,which can be solved by macro-control;2)induced by the problems of blockchain architecture,which require a better blockchain platform;3)caused by DeFi invented applications,which should be focused on during the project development.Based on that,we further discuss the current solutions and potential directions ofDeFi security.According to our research,we could provide a comprehensive vision to the research community for the improvement of Ethereum-basedDeFi ecosystem security.

关键词： Blockchain smart contract decentralized finance DeFi security

Spatial continuous modeling of early Cenozoic carbon cycle and climate

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 30-32页

作者： Yonggang Liu Jian Zhang Haoyue Zuo Zhilin He Jiaqi Guo Qifan Lin Haonan Yu Jiawenjing Lan Jing Han zhihong Song Zihan Yin Liang Zhao Yongyun hu Zhengtang Guo Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The partial pressure of atmospheric CO2（pCO2） is determined by the carbon cycle that involves climate, biogeochemistry, and plate tectonics. In this cycle,atmospheric CO2is converted into organic carbon and carbonates by biological activities and silicate weathering, and buried as sediments. The sediments on the ocean floor are subducted into the Earth’s interior, and subsequently converted back into CO2and outgassed into the atmosphere.

关键词： ATMOSPHERIC CO2

Construction and characterization of a synthesized herpes simplex virus H129-Syn-G2

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第3期38卷 373-379页

作者： Han Xiao Hengrui hu Yijia Guo Jiang Li Le Wen Wen-Bo Zeng Manli Wang Min-hua Luo zhihong hu State Key Laboratory of Virology Center for Biosafety Mega-ScienceWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)causes lifelong infections worldwide,and currently there is no efficient cure or vaccine.HSV-1-derived tools,such as neuronal circuit tracers and oncolytic viruses,have been used exten-sively;however,further genetic engineering of HSV-1 is hindered by its complex genome structure.In the present study,we designed and constructed a synthetic platform for HSV-1 based on H129-G4.The complete genome was constructed from 10 fragments through 3 rounds of synthesis using transformation-associated recombination(TAR)in yeast,and was named H129-Syn-G2.The H129-Syn-G2 genome contained two copies of the gfp gene and was transfected into cells to rescue the virus.According to growth curve assay and electron microscopy results,the synthetic viruses exhibited more optimized growth properties and similar morphogenesis compared to the parental virus.This synthetic platform will facilitate further manipulation of the HSV-1 genome for the devel-opment of neuronal circuit tracers,oncolytic viruses,and vaccines.

关键词： Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) Neuronal circuit tracers H129-Syn-G2 H129-G4 Synthetic biology

Genomics and proteomics of Apis mellifera filamentous virus isolated from honeybees in China

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第4期37卷 483-490页

作者： Dahe Yang Jun Wang Xi Wang Fei Deng Qingyun Diao Manli Wang zhihong hu Chunsheng Hou Institute of Apicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100093China State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha410205China

Apis mellifera filamentous virus(Am FV)is a large DNA virus that is endemic in honeybee colonies.The genome sequence of the Am FV Swiss isolate(Am FV CH–C05)has been reported,but so far very few molecular studies have been conducted on this virus.In this study,we isolated and purified Am FV(Am FV CN)from Chinese honeybee(Apis mellifera)colonies and elucidated its genomics and proteomics.Electron microscopy showed ovoid purified virions with dimensions of 300–500×210–285 nm,wrapping a 3165×40 nm filamentous nucleocapsid in three figure-eight loops.Unlike Am FV CH–C05,which was reported to have a circular genome,our data suggest that Am FV CN has a linear genome of approximately 493 kb.A total of 197 ORFs were identified,among which36 putative genes including 18 baculoviral homologs were annotated.The overall nucleotide similarity between the CN and CH–C05 isolates was 96.9%.Several ORFs were newly annotated in Am FV CN,including homologs of per os infectivity factor 4(PIF4)and a putative integrase.Phylogenomic analysis placed Am FVs on a separate branch within the newly proposed virus class Naldaviricetes.Proteomic analysis revealed 47 Am FV virionassociated proteins,of which 14 had over 50%sequence coverage,suggesting that they are likely to be main structural proteins.In addition,all six of the annotated PIFs(PIF-0–5)were identified by proteomics,suggesting that they may function as entry factors in Am FV infection.This study provides fundamental information regarding the molecular biology of Am FV.

关键词： Apis mellifera filamentous Virus(AmFV) per os infectivity factor 4(PIF4) Genome sequence Proteomics Structural proteins Naldaviricetes

Diverse viromes in polar regions: A retrospective study of metagenomic data from Antarctic animal feces and Arctic frozen soil in 2012–2014

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第6期37卷 883-893页

作者： Jun Wang Jian Xiao Zheng Zhu Siyuan Wang Lei Zhang Zhaojun Fan Yali Deng zhihong hu Fang Peng Shu Shen Fei Deng State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Science and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046China China Center for Type Culture Collection(CCTCC) College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Natisonal Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories Boston UniversityBostonMA 02118United States Department of Biochemistry Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA 02118United States

Antarctica and the Arctic are the coldest places, containing a high diversity of microorganisms, including viruses,which are important components of polar ecosystems. However, owing to the difficulties in obtaining access to animal and environmental samples, the current knowledge of viromes in polar regions is still limited. To better understand polar viromes, this study performed a retrospective analysis using metagenomic sequencing data of animal feces from Antarctica and frozen soil from the Arctic collected during 2012–2014. The results reveal diverse communities of DNA and RNA viruses from at least 23 families from Antarctic animal feces and 16families from Arctic soils. Although the viral communities from Antarctica and the Arctic show a large diversity,they have genetic similarities with known viruses from different ecosystems and organisms with similar viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of Microviridae, Parvoviridae, and Larvidaviridae was further performed, and complete genomic sequences of two novel circular replication-associated protein(rep)-encoding single-stranded(CRESS) DNA viruses closely related to Circoviridae were identified. These results reveal the high diversity,complexity, and novelty of viral communities from polar regions, and suggested the genetic similarity and functional correlations of viromes between the Antarctica and Arctic. Variations in viral families in Arctic soils,Arctic freshwater, and Antarctic soils are discussed. These findings improve our understanding of polar viromes and suggest the importance of performing follow-up in-depth investigations of animal and environmental samples from Antarctica and the Arctic, which would reveal the substantial role of these viruses in the global viral community.

关键词： Arctic soil Antarctica animal feces Metagenomics Virus diversity

基于Wi-Fi子载波互信息的人体呼吸感知系统

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通信学报 2024年第2期45卷 240-253页

作者：刘影胡梦圆钱志鸿辽宁工程技术大学电子与信息工程学院辽宁葫芦岛125105 吉林大学通信工程学院吉林长春130012

不可预测环境变化使Wi-Fi信号存在较大的波动,很难对子载波中的静态分量和行为感知的动态分量进行量化,导致无法准确刻画出动态呼吸特征的波动形式。基于此,提出了一种基于子载波互信息的呼吸感知(SMIBP)系统。首先,提出了动态分量信息(... 详细信息

不可预测环境变化使Wi-Fi信号存在较大的波动,很难对子载波中的静态分量和行为感知的动态分量进行量化,导致无法准确刻画出动态呼吸特征的波动形式。基于此,提出了一种基于子载波互信息的呼吸感知(SMIBP)系统。首先,提出了动态分量信息(DCI)的刻画形式,利用互信息理论提取子载波中代表呼吸的动态分量信息。然后,利用层次分析法组合各子载波以最大化呼吸信号的动态特征,得到重构的DCI感知基信号,最后联合小波变换和峰值检测法得到呼吸速率,揭示了代表人体呼吸动态分量的理论途径。仿真结果表明,所提系统能较好地刻画每个子载波中动态呼吸分量,且在不同场景下可显著提高Wi-Fi对于小尺度动作的感知精度与范围。

关键词：动态分量信息信道状态信息无接触呼吸监测层次分析法

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抑郁症EEG诊断的类脑学习模型

计算机工程与应用 2024年第3期60卷 157-164页

作者：曾昊辰胡滨关治洪华中科技大学人工智能与自动化学院武汉430074 华南理工大学未来技术学院广州510641 人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室(广州) 广州510335

抑郁症是一种全球性精神疾病,传统诊断方法主要依靠量表与医生的主观评估,无法有效识别症状,甚至存在误诊的风险。基于生理信号的深度学习辅助诊断有望改善传统缺乏生理学依据的方法。然而,传统深度学习方法依赖巨大算力,且大多是端到... 详细信息

抑郁症是一种全球性精神疾病,传统诊断方法主要依靠量表与医生的主观评估,无法有效识别症状,甚至存在误诊的风险。基于生理信号的深度学习辅助诊断有望改善传统缺乏生理学依据的方法。然而,传统深度学习方法依赖巨大算力,且大多是端到端的网络学习。这些学习方法也缺乏生理可解释性,限制了辅助诊断临床应用。提出一种用于抑郁症脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)诊断的类脑学习模型,在功能层面,构建脉冲神经网络对抑郁症与健康个体进行分类,精度超过97.5%,相比深度卷积方法,脉冲方法降低了能耗;在结构层面,利用复杂网络建立脑连接的空间拓扑并分析其图特征,找出了抑郁症个体潜在的脑功能连接异常机制。

关键词：类脑学习脉冲神经网络复杂网络特征抑郁症脑电图

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Tick-Borne Viruses

Virologica Sinica 2018年第1期33卷 21-43页

作者： Junming Shi zhihong hu Fei Deng Shu Shen State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Ticks are important vectors for the transmission of pathogens including viruses.The viruses carried by ticks also known as tick-borne viruses(TBVs),contain a large group of viruses with diverse genetic properties and are concluded in two orders,nine families,and at least 12 genera.Some members of the TBVs are notorious agents causing severe diseases with high mortality rates in humans and livestock,while some others may pose risks to public health that are still unclear to us.Herein,we review the current knowledge of TBVs with emphases on the history of virus isolation and identification,tick vectors,and potential pathogenicity to humans and animals,including assigned species as well as the recently discovered and unassigned species.All these will promote our understanding of the diversity of TBVs,and will facilitate the further investigation of TBVs in association with both ticks and vertebrate hosts.

关键词：病毒公共健康病原体代理人死亡率家畜

Hybridoma-derived neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Beta and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in vivo

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第2期38卷 257-267页

作者： Qianran Wang Lu Peng Yanqiu Nie Yanni Shu huajun Zhang Zidan Song Yufeng Li Hengrui hu Liushuai Li Xi Wang Jia Liu Jiang Li Zhengli Shi Fei Deng Yu Guo Yiwu Zhou Bing Yan zhihong hu Manli Wang State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China Department of Forensic Medicine Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430010China hubei Jiangxia Laboratory Wuhan430200China

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies(mAb)are a major therapeutic strategy for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.The continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants worldwide has increased the urgency for the development of new mAbs.In this study,we immunized mice with the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of the SARS-CoV-2 prototypic strain(WIV04)and screened 35 RBDspecific mAbs using hybridoma technology.Results of the plaque reduction neutralization test showed that 25 of the mAbs neutralized authentic WIV04 strain infection.The 25 mAbs were divided into three categories based on the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results.A representative mAb was selected from each category(RD4,RD10,and RD14)to determine the binding kinetics and median inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of WIV04 and two variants of concern(VOC):B.1.351(Beta)and B.1.617.2(Delta).RD4 neutralized the B.1.617.2 variant with an IC50 of 2.67 ng/mL;however,it completely lost neutralizing activity against the B.1.351 variant.RD10 neutralized both variants with an IC50 exceeding 100 ng/mL;whereas RD14 neutralized two variants with a higher IC50(>1 mg/mL).Animal experiments were performed to evaluate the protective effects of RD4 and RD10 against various VOC infections.RD4 could protect Adv-hACE2 transduced mice from B.1.617.2 infection at an antibody concentration of 25 mg/kg,while RD10 could protect mice from B.1.351 infection at an antibody concentration of 75 mg/kg.These results highlight the potential for future modifications of the mAbs for practical use.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 B.1.617.2 Monoclonal antibody