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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 239-249页

作者： Shuo Zhao Peng cui Jing Shen Haibo Liu School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbinChina School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbinChina

Recently,weak supervision has received growing attention in the field of salient object detection due to the convenience of ***,there is a large performance gap between weakly supervised and fully supervised salient object detectors because the scribble annotation can only provide very limited foreground/background ***,an intuitive idea is to infer annotations that cover more complete object and background regions for *** this end,a label inference strategy is proposed based on the assumption that pixels with similar colours and close positions should have consistent ***,k-means clustering algorithm was first performed on both colours and coordinates of original annotations,and then assigned the same labels to points having similar colours with colour cluster centres and near coordinate cluster ***,the same annotations for pixels with similar colours within each kernel neighbourhood was set *** experiments on six benchmarks demonstrate that our method can significantly improve the performance and achieve the state-of-the-art results.

关键词： label inference salient object detection weak supervision

Spatiotemporal variation of rainy season span and precipitation recorded by lacustrine laminated pollen in the Tibetan Plateau during the past two millennia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 789-801页

作者： Anning cui Houyuan LU Juzhi HOU Xingqi LIU Deke XU Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Capital Normal University College of Resource Environment and Tourism Beijing 100048China

The quantitative reconstruction of the length of the rainy season and precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) is crucial for revealing the spatiotemporal evolution of the Westerlies and Asian summer monsoon, as well as its ecological and environmental effects. Accurately determining the start and end times of the rainy season on the Plateau remains *** study determined the start and end times of the rainy season in different locations on the Plateau by identifying precipitation inflection points. We calculated the duration and precipitation amount of the rainy season and established a transfer function between the modern pollen assemblages and them. Then, we reconstructed the rainy season variations in Kusai Lake(northern TP) and Jiang Co(central TP) during the past two millennia. The results showed that, the rainy season precipitation in Kusai Lake recorded five periods of high precipitation: AD 580–680, 1000–1100, 1200–1450, 1550–1780, and 1920–present, corresponding to the stages with long rainy season. The rainy season precipitation sequence in Jiang Co recorded four periods of high precipitation: AD 80–500, 800–950, 1250–1450, and 1780–present, which is consistent with the long rainy season before AD 1000 but unclear afterward. Spatially, rainy season precipitation on the Plateau exhibited four patterns: “wet in both north and south” may be related to abnormally strong summer monsoons;“dry in both north and south” likely associated with weak Westerly wind and weak summer monsoon;“wet in the south and dry in the north” linked to strong summer monsoon and weak Westerly wind;and “dry in the south and wet in the north” connected to weak summer monsoon and strong Westerly wind. This study revealed the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of the rainy season onset and end, duration, and precipitation amount on the Plateau over the past two millennia. It provides natural background support for further understanding the coupling between Westerly wind and Asia

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Past two millennia Rainy season length Rainy season precipitation Quantitative reconstruction

A GNSS Anti-Spoofing Technique Based on the Spatial Distribution Characteristic of the Residual Vectors

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第2期29卷 457-468页

作者： Qi'an Wu Xiaowei cui Mingquan Lu Pengxiang Yang Peng Wu Department of Electronic Enginnering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute Xi’an 710065China

Anti-spoofing is becoming a crucial technique for applications with high navigation accuracy and reliability ***-spoofing technique based on Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(RAIM)is a good choice for most Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)receivers because it does not require any change to the hardware of the ***,the conventional RAIM method can only detect and mitigate a single spoofing *** improved RAIM methods can deal with more spoofing signals,but the computational complexity increases dramatically when the number of satellites in view increase or need additional *** paper proposes a new RAIM method,called the SRV-RAIM method,which has a very low computation complexity regardless of the number of satellites in view and can deal with any number of spoofing *** key to the new method is the spatial distribution characteristic of the Satellites'Residual Vectors(SRV).In replay or generative spoofing scenarios,the pseudorange measurements of spoofing signals are consistent,the residual vectors of real satellites and those of spoofing satellites have good separation characteristics in spatial *** on this characteristic,the SRV-RAIM method is proposed,and the simulation results show that the method can separate the real signals and the spoofing signals with an average probability of 86.55%in the case of 12 visible satellites,regardless of the number of spoofing *** to the conventional traversal-RAIM method,the performance is only reduced by 3.59%,but the computational cost is reduced by 98.3%,so most of the GNSS receivers can run the SRV-RAIM algorithm in time.

关键词： Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) anti-spoofing Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(RAIM) Satellites'Residual Vectors(SRV)

Multiwavelength Observations of the Infrared Dust Bubble N75 and its Surroundings

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 262-270页

作者： Quan-Ling cui Chuan-Peng Zhang Jun-Jie Wang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Science Qiqihar UniversityQiqihar 161006China Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550000China

Infrared dust bubbles play an important role in the study of star formation and the evolution of the interstellar *** this work,we study the infrared dust bubble N75 and the infrared dark cloud G38.93 mainly using the tracers C^(18)O,HCO^(+),HNC and N_(2)H^(+)observed by the 30 m IRAM *** also study the targets using data from large-scale surveys:GLIMPSE,MIPSGAL,GRS,NRAO VLA Sky Survey and Bolocam Galactic Plane *** found that the C^(18)O emission is morphologically similar to the Spitzer IRAC 8.0μm ***1.1 mm cold dust emission of G38.93 shows an elongated structure from southwest to *** ionized gas from G38.93 is surrounded by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission,which may be excited by radiation from *** found that the identified young stellar objects tend to cluster around G38.93 and are mostly in class II with several class I cases distributed around N75,but no class II *** also found evidence of expanding feedback,which could have triggered star formation.

关键词： ISM:bubbles infrared:ISM galaxies:star formation

Electron beam lithography on nonplanar and irregular surfaces

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 1-23页

作者： Chenxu Zhu Huseyin Ekinci Aixi Pan Bo cui Xiaoli Zhu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology(WIN) University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada

E-beam lithography is a powerful tool for generating nanostructures and fabricating nanodevices with fine features approaching a few nanometers in ***,alternative approaches to conventional spin coating and development processes are required to optimize the lithography procedure on irregular *** this review,we summarize the state of the art in nanofabrication on irregular substrates using e-beam *** overcome these challenges,unconventional methods have been *** instance,polymeric and nonpolymeric materials can be sprayed or evaporated to form uniform layers of electron-sensitive materials on irregular ***,chemical bonds can be applied to help form polymer brushes or self-assembled monolayers on these *** addition,thermal oxides can serve as resists,as the etching rate in solution changes after e-beam ***,e-beam lithography tools can be combined with cryostages,evaporation systems,and metal deposition chambers for sample development and lift-off while maintaining low *** nanopyramids can be fabricated on an AFM tip by utilizing ice as a positive ***,Ti/Au caps can be patterned around a carbon ***,3D nanostructures can be formed on irregular surfaces by exposing layers of anisole on organic ice surfaces with a focused *** advances in e-beam lithography on irregular substrates,including uniform film coating,instrumentation improvement,and new pattern transferring method development,substantially extend its capabilities in the fabrication and application of nanoscale structures.

关键词： lithography beam coating

Possible Habitats for NH_(3),NH_(2)D,H^(13)CN,HC^(15)N,SO,and C^(18)O in the Initial Conditions of High-mass Star Formation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 237-252页

The initial condition of high-mass star formation is a complex area of study because of the high densities(n_(H_(2))>106cm^(-3))and low temperatures(T_(dust)<18 K)*** such conditions,many molecules become depleted from the gas phase by freezing out onto dust ***,the N-bearing and deuterated species could remain gaseous under these extreme conditions,suggesting that they may serve as ideal *** this paper,using the Plateau de Bure Interferometer and Very Large Array observations at 1.3 mm,3.5 mm,and 1.3 cm,we investigate the possible habitats for NH_(3),NH_(2)D,H^(13)CN,HC^(15)N,SO,and C^(18)O in eight massive precluster and protocluster clumps G18.17,G18.21,G23.97N,G23.98,G23.44,G23.97S,G25.38,and *** found that the NH3cores are in good agreement with the 3.5 mm peak emission,but the NH_(3)is much more extended than the 3.5 mm emission *** SO distributions agree well with the 3.5 mm peaks for the evolved star formation stage,but we did not detect any SO emission in the four earliest star formation sources.C^(18)O is a poor tracer in conditions of the cold(■18 K)and dense(■10^(4)cm^(-3))cores,e.g.,the prestellar *** also found that the NH_(2)D cores are mainly located in the temperature range of 13.0-20.0 K,and the NH_(2)D lines may be strongly depleted above 20 K.

关键词： galaxies:star formation techniques:interferometric methods:observational

A new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization in the Hengduan Mountains Region

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 751-768页

作者： Xueqin ZHANG Xiaoming XU Xiang LI Peng cui Du ZHENG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Commission of PakistanIslamabad 45320Pakistan

The Hengduan Mountains Region(HMR) is essential for the future ecological protection, clean energy production,Sichuan-Xizang and Yunnan-Xizang railways, and other major infrastructure projects in China. The distributions of climate and vegetation exhibit significant regional differentiation and vertical zonality due to the rugged longitudinal ranges and gorges and the complex disaster-prone environments in HMR. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the climate-vegetation regionalization in HMR to effectively satisfy the national requirements such as agricultural production and ecological protection, mountain disaster risk prevention, and major project construction. We here develop a new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization with the latest demarcation outcome of HMR, the ground observation from 122 meteorological stations in HMR and its surrounding areas during 1990–2019, and the high-precision remote sensing data of land cover types. The new scheme first constructs the regionalization index system, fully considering the extraordinarily complicated geomorphic pattern of mountains and valleys, the scarcity of meteorological observations, and the remarkable differentiation of climate and vegetation in HMR. The system consists of three primary regionalization indices(i.e., days with daily average temperature steady above 10°C, aridity index, and main vegetation types, dividing the temperature zones, moisture regions, and vegetation subregions, respectively) and three auxiliary indices of the accumulated temperature above 10°C, and the temperatures in January and July. Then, the HMR is divided into five temperature zones, 20 moisture regions, and 55 vegetation subregions. Compared with previous regionalization schemes, the new scheme optimizes the climate spatial interpolation model of thin plate smoothing spline suitable for the unique terrain in HMR. Moreover, the disputed division index threshold between different climatic zones(regions) is scientifically clarifi

关键词： Climate-vegetation regionalization Thin plate smoothing spline(TPSS) GeoDetector Stepwise downscaling pane division method Hengduan Mountains Region

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Geometric Programming for Nonlinear Satellite Buffer Networks With Time Delays under L_(1)-Gain Performance

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第2期11卷 554-556页

作者： Yukang cui Yihui Huang Michael V.Basin Zongze Wu College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518060China Robotics Institute Ningbo University of TechnologyNingbo 315211China Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon Nuevo Leon 66455Mexico

Dear Editor,This letter concerns the parameter tuning problem for nonlinear satellite buffer networks with communication delays, aiming to optimize their stability properties under L_(1)-gain. We first model the satellite buffer networks by a nonlinear time-delay positive system and propose a novel characterization under which the nonlinear system is asymptotically stable with a prescribed L_(1)-induced performance.

关键词： nonlinear system prescribed

Passive daytime radiative cooling coatings with renewable self-cleaning functions

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 257-262页

作者： Qian Wu Yubo cui Guifeng Xia Jinlong Yang Shuming Du Xinhong Xiong Li Yang Dong Xu Xu Deng Jiaxi cui Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou 313001China Beijing Key Laboratory of Power Generation System Functional Material CHN Energy New Energy Technology Research Institute Ltd.Beijing 102209China Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China

Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)technology is emerging as one of the most promising solutions to the global problem of spacing cooling,but its practical application is limited due to reduced cooling effectiveness caused by daily wear and tear,as well as dirt *** tackle this problem,we report a novel strategy by introducing a renewable armor structure for prolonging the anti-fouling and cooling effectiveness properties of the PDRC *** armor structure is designed by decorating fluorinated hollow glass microspheres(HGM)inside rigid resin composite *** HGM serve triple purposes,including providing isolated cavities for enhanced solar reflectance,reinforcing the matrices to form robust armored structures,and increasing thermal *** the coatings are worn,the HGM on the surface expose their concave cavities with numerous hydrophobic fragments,generating a highly rough surface that guarantee the superhydrophobic *** coatings show a high sunlight reflectance(0.93)and thermal emittance(0.94)in the long-wave infrared window,leading to a cooling of 5℃ below ambient temperature under high solar flux(∼900 W/m^(2)).When anti-fouling functions are reduced,they can be regenerated more than 100 cycles without compromising the PDRC function by simple wearing ***,these coatings can be easily prepared using a one-pot spray method with low-cost materials,exhibit strong adhesion to a variety of substrates,and demonstrate exceptional environmental ***,we anticipate their immediate application opportunities for spacing cooling.

关键词： Superhydrophobic Passive radiative cooling Wearing Regeneration Glass resin armor

Synthesis,Structure and Chemical Bonding of Polyantimony Clusters Containing Coinage Metals[M_(2)Sb_(14)]^(4-)(M=Cu,Ag)

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第6期42卷 617-622页

作者： Wei-Xing Chen Yu-He Xu cui-cui Wang Lei Qiao Zi-Yan Guo Wen-Juan Tian Zhong-Ming Sun State Key Laboratory of Element-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and ApplicationsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350 China Institute of Molecular Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxi030006 China

Binary polyantimony clusters,namely[Cu_(2)Sb_(14)]^(4–) and [Ag_(2)Sb_(14)]^(4–),containing coinage metals,were successfully synthesized and characterized,in which two homoatomic Sb73–subunits are bridged by two coinage metals in η^(4):η^(1) and η^(1):η^(1) coordination modes,***[M_(2)Sb_(14)]^(4-),two bridging Cu ions and two Sb atoms form a planar rhombic unit,which was revealed to have antiaromatic properties by theoretical *** electron structure and bonding analysis confirmed the presence of delocalized bonds in the rhombic unit and the metallophilic interaction between two formal M^(+) ions.

关键词： Polyantimony cluster Copper Silver Antiaromaticity Metallophilic interaction Quantum chemical calculations