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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 660-670页

作者： Xinlu Sun zhifu mi Lu Cheng D'Maris Coffman Yu Liu The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HBUnited Kingdom College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The European Commission has proposed a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)to reduce carbon leakage and create a level playing field for its domestic products and imported ***,the effectiveness of the proposal remains unclear,especially when it triggers threats of retaliation from trading partners of the European *** apply a Computable General Equilibrium model-Global Trade Analysis Project-to assess the economic and environmental impacts of different CBAM *** we show that the effectiveness of the CBAM to address carbon leakage risks is rather limited,and the CBAM raises concerns over global welfare costs,Correct to Gross Domestic Product(GDP)losses,and violation of equality *** retaliation leads to multiplied welfare losses,which would mostly be borne by poor *** results question the carbon leakage reduction effect of a unilateral trade policy and suggest that climate change mitigation still needs to be performed within the framework of international cooperation.

关键词： Carbon border adjustment mechanism Carbon leakage Climate change mitigation Floorcarbon price Trade retaliation

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脱贫对中国实现碳中和目标的影响

Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 648-660页

作者：孙昕璐米志付杜慧滨 D'Maris Coffman The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HBUK College of Management and Economics Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

China is facing challenges to tackle the threat of climate change while reducing social *** eradication requires improvement in the living conditions of low-income households,which leads in turn to higher carbon footprints and may undermine the efforts of climate change *** studies have assessed the climate impacts of poverty eradication,but few have quantified how the additional carbon emissions of poverty eradication are shared at the subnational level in China and the impact on China’s climate *** investigated the recent trend of carbon footprint inequality in China’s provinces and estimated the climate burden of different poverty reduction schemes,measured by increased carbon *** results indicate that poverty eradication will not impede the achievement of national climate targets,with an average annual household carbon footprint increase of 0.1%–1.2%.However,the carbon emissions growth in less developed provinces can be 4.0%,five times that in wealthy *** developed regions suffer a greater climate burden because of poverty eradication,which may offset carbon reduction ***,interregional collaboration is needed to coordinate inequality reduction with investments in low-carbon trajectories in all provinces.

关键词： Carbon emissions Poverty eradication Carbon neutrality Inequality Input-output analysis

Geoengineering and the blockchain: Coordinating Carbon Dioxide Removal and Solar Radiation Management to tackle future emissions

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2019年第1期6卷 38-51页

作者： Andrew LOCKLEY zhifu mi D'Mans COFFMAN Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management University College London 1-19 Torrington Place London WC1E 7HB UK

Geoengineering is a proposed response to anthropogenic global warming (AGW). Conventionally it consists of two strands: Solar Radiation Management (SRM), which is fast-acting, incomplete but inexpensive, and Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR), which is slower acting, more expensive, and comprehensive. Pairing SRM and CDR offers a contractually complete solution for future emissions if effectively-scaled and coordinated. SRM offsets warming, while CDR takes effect. We suggest coordination using a blockchain, i.e. smart contracts and a distributed ledger. Specifically, we integrate CDR futures with time and volume-matched SRM orders, to address emissions contractually before release. This provides an economically and environmentally proportionate solution to CO2 emissions at the wellhead, with robust contractual transparency, and minimal overhead cost. Our proposal offers a 'polluter pays' implementation of Long & Shepherds SRM 'bridge' concept. This 'polluter geoengineers' approach mandates and verifies emissionslinked payments with minimal friction, delay, or cost. Finally, we compare alternative market designs against this proposal, finding that this proposal offers several advantages. We conclude that blockchain implementation of the 'polluter geoengineers' approach is attractive and feasible for larger wellhead contracts. We also identify a handful of advantages and disadvantages that merit further study.

关键词： Geoengineering Solar Radiation Management Carbon Dioxide Removal futures markets smart contracts blockchain

Environmental taxation and regional inequality in China

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Science Bulletin 2019年第22期64卷 1691-1699页

作者： Jingxu Wang Jintai Lin Kuishuang Feng Peng Liu mingxi Du Ruijing Ni Lulu Chen Hao Kong Hongjian Weng Mengyao Liu Giovanni Baiocchi Yu Zhao zhifu mi Jing Cao Klaus Hubacek Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of Physics.Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA School of the Environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210046China The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HBUK School of Economics and Management Hang Lung Center for Real EstateTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences(IVEM) Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen(ESRIG)University of GroningenGroningen 9747 AGthe Netherlands International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1A-2361 LaxenburgAustria Department of Environmental Studies Masaryk UniversityJoStova 1060200 BrnoCzech Republic

In order to combat environmental pollution, China enacted the Environmental Protection Tax Law in early 2018. Yet the impacts of the environmental tax on individual regions with different socioeconomic statuses, which are crucial for social justice and public acceptance, remain unclear. Based on a MultiRegional Input-Output(MRIO) table and a nationally regulated tax payment calculation method, this study analyzes the distributional impacts of an environmental tax based upon province’s consumption from both inter-provincial and rural-urban aspects. The national tax revenue based on the current levy mechanism is estimated to be only one seventh of the economic loss from premature mortality caused by ambient particulate matter(PM2.5). The taxation may slightly alleviate urban-rural inequality but may not be helpful with reducing inter-provincial inequality. We further analyze two alternative levy mechanisms. If each province imposes taxes to products it consumes(rather than produces, as in the current mechanism), with the tax rate linearly dependent on its per capita consumption expenditure, this would moderately increase the national tax revenue and significantly reduce inter-provincial *** better compensate for the economic costs of air pollution and reduce regional inequality, it would be beneficial to increase the tax rate nationwide and implement a levy mechanism based on provincially differentiated levels of consumption and economic status.

关键词： Environmental taxation Inequality China Input-output analysis Levy mechanisms Air pollution

The global mismatch between equitable carbon dioxide removal liability and capacity

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 111-123页

作者： Pu Yang zhifu mi Yi-ming Wei Steef V.Hanssen Lan-Cui Liu D'Maris Coffman Xinlu Sun Hua Liao Yun-Fei Yao Jia-Ning Kang Peng-Tao Wang Steven J.Davis The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College London Energy and Power Group University of Oxford Exeter Sustainable Finance Centre University of Exeter Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Beijing Institute of Technology School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science Radboud University Business School Beijing Normal University Strategy Plan Department Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Department of Earth System Science University of California

Limiting climate change to 1.5℃ and achieving net-zero emissions would entail substantial carbon dioxide removal(CDR) from the atmosphere by the mid-century,but how much CDR is needed at country level over time is *** purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of when and how much CDR is required at country level in order to achieve 1.5℃ and how much CDR countries can carry out *** allocate global CDR pathways among 170 countries according to 6 equity principles and assess these allocations with respect to countries’ biophysical and geophysical capacity to deploy *** global CDR to countries based on these principles suggests that CDR will,on average,represent～4% of nations’ total emissions in 2030,rising to ～17% in ***,equitable allocations of CDR,in many cases,exceed implied land and carbon storage *** estimate～15 % of countries(25)would have insufficient land to contribute an equitable share of global CDR,and ～40% of countries(71)would have insufficient geological storage *** more diverse CDR technologies are developed,the mismatch between CDR liabilities and land-based CDR capacities will lead to global demand for six GtCO2carbon credits from 2020 to *** demonstrates an imperative demand for international carbon trading of CDR.

关键词： carbon dioxide removal land-based solutions international equity

Effect of ammonium sulfate and urea on PCDD/F formation from active carbon and possible mechanism of inhibition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2277-2282页

作者： mi Yan zhifu Qi Jie Yang Xiaodong Li Jianli Ren Zhang Xu Institute of Energy and Power Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology State Key laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University

The effect of ammonium sulfate （（NH4）2SO4） and urea （CO（NH2）2） on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran （PCDD/F） formation from active carbon was investigated in this study. Both additives could significantly inhibit PCDD/F formation, and PCDD/F （TEQ） generation was reduced to 98.5% （98%） or 64.5% （77.2%） after 5% （NH4）2S04 or CO（NH2）2 was added into model ash, respectively. The inhibition efficiency of PCDDs was higher than the value of PCDFs, however, the reduction of PCDD/F yield was mainly from PCDFs decreasing. In addition, the solid-phase products were reduced more than the gas-phase compounds by inhibitors. By the measurement of chlorine emission in the phase of ion （Cl[Cl^-]） and molecule gas （Cl[Cl2]）, it was observed that both Cl[Cl^-] and Cl[Cl2] were reduced after inhibitors were added into ash. Cl[Cl2] was reduced to 51.0% by urea addition, which was supposed as one possible mechanism of PCDD/F inhibition.

关键词： Inhibition PCDD/Fs Ammonium sulfate Urea Chlorine emission

Numerical and experimental research on different inlet configurations of high speed centrifugal compressor

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第1期55卷 174-181页

作者： LI Du YANG Ce ZHOU mi ZHU zhifu WANG Hang School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Basic Subject Department Bohai Shipbuilding Vocational College Huludao 125000 China Kangyue Technology Co. Ltd. Shouguang 262711 China

Three different inlet configurations,including a original straight pipe and two bend pipes with different axial length,for a high speed low mass flow centrifugal compressor were modeled with whole blade passages and simulated unsteadily by 3D viscous Navier-Stokes *** performance disparities of compressor stage were tested and verified by experiments in which dynamic pressure data acquisition of internal flow field was *** the result shows,the choke point decreases to lower mass flow rate due to the distortion caused by bend-pipe inlet and is aggravated as the rotation speed *** distortion effect spreads circumferentially in impeller and makes the flow structure *** longer axial distance bent inlet leads to larger radial distortion and heavy blockage at mid-span under large mass flow mainly causes compressor choke margin *** pipe distortion brings an impact up to diffuser on unsteady pressure pulsation caused by blades sweep and the impact appears more powerful when it is closer to volute tongue.

关键词： centrifugal compressor inlet distortion numerical simulation dynamic data acquisition

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盘点气候风险机遇,展望健康繁荣未来

科学通报 2024年第27期69卷 4005-4011页

作者：张诗卉张弛蔡闻佳白玉琪 Max Callaghan 常楠陈彬陈慧琪程亮亮戴瀚程代鑫范维澄房小怡高仝耿阳关大博胡艺馨华峻翊黄存瑞黄弘黄建斌黄小猛纪思翰蒋俏蕾姜晓朋 Gregor Kiesewetter 李湉湉梁璐林波荣林华亮刘欢刘起勇刘小波刘钊刘竹刘昱甫陆波鲁晨曦罗震宇马伟米志付任超 Marina Romanello 沈鉴翔苏婧孙语泽孙昕璐汤绪 Maria Walawender 王灿王情汪蕊 Laura Warnecke 魏汪宇文三妹谢杨熊辉徐冰颜钰杨秀姚芳虹俞乐袁嘉灿曾仪娉张镜张璐张锐张尚辰张少辉赵梦真郑大山周浩周景博周子乔罗勇宫鹏清华大学地球系统科学系北京100084 北京理工大学管理学院北京100081 Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate ChangeBerlin 10829Germany 南京医科大学公共卫生学院南京211166 北京师范大学环境学院北京100875 中山大学公共卫生学院广州510080 北京大学环境科学与工程学院北京100871 清华大学公共安全研究所北京100084 清华大学工程物理系北京100084 中国气象科学研究院气象影响与风险研究中心北京100086 山东师范大学商学院济南250013 清华大学建筑学院北京100084 南方科技大学统计与数据科学系深圳518055 中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院青岛266003 清华大学万科公共卫生学院北京100084 清华大学新闻与传播学院北京100084 世界卫生组织驻华代表处北京100600 Pollution Management Research Group EnergyClimateand Environment ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA)Laxenburg 1-A-2361Austria 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所环境健康风险评估室北京102206 Department of Landscape Architecture&Environmental Planning University of CaliforniaBerkeley CA 94607USA 清华大学环境学院北京100084 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所传染病预防控制国家重点实验室北京102206 北京经济管理职业学院临空经济管理学院北京100102 中国气象局国家气候中心北京100081 Geography College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter EX12LUUK 山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系济南250002 The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College LondonLondon WC1H 0ALUK 香港大学建筑学院中国香港999077 Institute for Global Health University College LondonLondon WC1H 0ALUK 清华大学人文学院北京100084 复旦大学大气与海洋系/大气科学研究院上海200438 复旦大学极端天气/气候事件与人体健康风险互联和治理国际卓越中心上海200438 北京航空航天大学经济与管理学院北京100083 香港科技大学计算机科学与工程系广州511453 清华大学气候变化与可持续发展研究院北京100084 北京大学体育教研部北京100871 清华大学苏世民学院北京100084 清华大学城市治理与可持续发展研究院北京100084 百度研究院北京100091 香港大学地球科学系和地理系中国香港999077

气候变化带来的健康风险与日俱增,煤炭消费及相关碳排放量的反弹,再度敲响了中国气候变化警钟.2022年,中国面临了严峻的气候挑战.极端天气事件发生的频率和强度不断上升,许多地区气温纪录屡创新高,全国平均气温攀升至历史第二高位,同时... 详细信息

气候变化带来的健康风险与日俱增,煤炭消费及相关碳排放量的反弹,再度敲响了中国气候变化警钟.2022年,中国面临了严峻的气候挑战.极端天气事件发生的频率和强度不断上升,许多地区气温纪录屡创新高,全国平均气温攀升至历史第二高位,同时降水量自2012年以来创新低,南方地区遭遇夏秋连旱,而湖南和东北地区则出现了极端降雨和洪涝灾害.采取及时、充分的措施不仅能减轻气候变化对健康的影响,还将保护基础设施不被极端天气破坏.

关键词：煤炭消费极端天气事件基础设施气候变化极端降雨碳排放量气候风险盘点

不同场地条件下地连墙对地铁车站结构地震动力响应的影响

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地震工程学报 2023年第2期45卷 270-278,295页

作者：赵密贾智富昝子卉黄景琦杜修力北京工业大学城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点实验室北京100124 广州地铁设计研究院有限公司广东广州510010 北京科技大学城市地下空间工程北京市重点实验室北京100083

地铁车站多采用基于地下连续墙(简称:地连墙)的明挖施工方法,施工后地连墙作为永久结构与车站共同受力。在车站结构抗震分析中,考虑到地连墙可能对结构抗震的有利作用,出于安全储备考虑通常忽略地连墙的存在,但地连墙对车站结构地震响... 详细信息

地铁车站多采用基于地下连续墙(简称:地连墙)的明挖施工方法,施工后地连墙作为永久结构与车站共同受力。在车站结构抗震分析中,考虑到地连墙可能对结构抗震的有利作用,出于安全储备考虑通常忽略地连墙的存在,但地连墙对车站结构地震响应的影响规律和机理仍有待深入研究。以某典型两层三跨地铁车站结构为对象,基于近场波动有限元方法并结合黏弹性人工边界条件,开展有无地连墙情况车站结构地震响应特性对比研究,揭示不同场地条件下地连墙对车站结构地震响应的影响规律,阐明地连墙的影响机理。研究结果表明:地连墙具有减小车站结构总体层间位移效应,有利于侧墙和底层中柱抗震,但同时放大了顶底板与侧墙连接处的弯矩和正应力;地连墙对结构顶层中柱端部及中跨中板板端的内力和正应力的影响与场地条件相关,坚硬和中硬场地条件下具有减小效应,软弱场地下略有增大作用。上述结构响应规律的原因可归结为地连墙增加了结构侧墙刚度,降低了结构整体侧向变形,但限制了侧墙的弯曲变形,导致结构顶底板与侧墙交接处的弯曲变形和内力增大。

关键词：车站结构地连墙不同场地条件土-结构动力相互作用地震响应

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三维超声在评价低剂量替罗非班联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术治疗心肌梗死患者心肌微循环灌注及预后中的应用

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中华实验外科杂志 2024年第8期41卷 1831-1831页

作者：王锡丽唐占军徐志富河北省张家口市第一医院医学影像科张家口075000

本研究旨在探讨三维超声(3DUS)在评价低剂量替罗非班联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)心肌梗死(mi)患者心肌微循环灌注及预后中的应用价值。一、资料与方法1.一般资料:选取2021年至2023年在本院接受低剂量替罗非班联合PCI术治疗的50例mi... 详细信息

本研究旨在探讨三维超声(3DUS)在评价低剂量替罗非班联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)心肌梗死(mi)患者心肌微循环灌注及预后中的应用价值。一、资料与方法1.一般资料:选取2021年至2023年在本院接受低剂量替罗非班联合PCI术治疗的50例mi患者作为观察组,另选取同期接受常规PCI术治疗的50例mi患者作为对照组。

关键词：替罗非班经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术心肌微循环灌注心肌梗死患者三维超声 PCI术资料与方法低剂量