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Twisting mode of supercoil leucine-rich domain mediates peptide sensing in FLS2–flg22–BAK1 complex

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第10期29卷 56-65页

作者： zhi-chao liu Qin liu Chan-You Chen Chen Zeng Peng Ran Yun-Jie Zhao Lei Pan School of Biological Information Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Department of Physics The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC20052USA School of Life Sciences Jianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China

Plants and animals recognize microbial invaders by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). This recognition plays a crucial role in plant immunity. The newly discovered protein in plants that responds to bacterial flagellin, i.e., flagellin-sensitive 2 (FLS2), is ubiquitously expressed and present in many plants. The association of FLS2 and BAK1, facilitated by a highly conserved epitope flg22 of flagellin, triggers such downstream immune responses as activated MAPK pathway and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) for bacterial defense and plant immunity. Here we study the intrinsic dynamics and conformational change of FLS2 upon the formation of the FLS2–flg22–BAK1 complex. The top intrinsic normal modes and principal structural fluctuation components are very similar, showing two bending modes and one twisting mode. The twisting mode alone, however, accounts for most of the conformational change of FLS2 induced by binding with flg22 and BAK1. This study indicates that flg22 binding suppresses FLS2 conformational fluctuation, especially on the twisting motion, thus facilitating FLS2–BAK1 interaction. A detailed analysis of this sensing mechanism may aid better design on both PRR and peptide mimetics for plant immunity.

关键词： plant immunity flagellin-sensitive 2 peptide sensing mechanism

Quantifying the Tension between Cosmological Models and JWST Red Candidate Massive Galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 1-6页

作者： Jun-chao Wang zhi-Qi Huang Lu Huang Jianqi liu School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Zhuhai519082China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

We develop a Python tool to estimate the tail distribution of the number of dark matter halos beyond a mass threshold and in a given volume in a *** code is based on the extended Press-Schechter model and is computationally efficient,typically taking a few seconds on a personal laptop for a given set of cosmological *** high efficiency of the code allows a quick estimation of the tension between cosmological models and the red candidate massive galaxies released by the James Webb Space Telescope,as well as scanning the theory space with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo *** an example application,we use the tool to study the cosmological implication of the candidate galaxies presented in Labbéet *** standard Λcold dark matter(ΛCDM)model is well consistent with the data if the star formation efficiency can reach~0.3 at high *** a low star formation efficiency ε~0.1,theΛCDM model is disfavored at~2σ-3σconfidence level.

关键词： (cosmology:)cosmological parameters Galaxy:abundances Galaxy:formation

Extraordinary response of metastatic pancreatic cancer to apatinib after failed chemotherapy: A case report and literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第41期23卷 7478-7488页

作者： Cheng-Ming Li zhi-chao liu You-Ting Bao Xin-Dong Sun Lin-Lin Wang School of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Department of Radiation Oncology Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Department of Oncology Weifang Medical University School of Medicine Shandong University

Chemotherapy has limited efficacy in the treatment of advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer(PC), and has serious side effects. The development of novel effective agents, especially targeted therapy, is essential for patients with PC. We present a 58-year-old Chinese woman initially diagnosed with locally advanced PC. As the disease progressed to Stage Ⅳ, the patient was unable to tolerate chemotherapy after the fourth-line treatment. She was then treated with apatinib, a novel and highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and achieved a progression-free-survival of 7 mo. All drug-related side effects were well controlled with medication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of PC which responded to apatinib. Considering this remarkable response, apatinib may be a promising agent in the treatment of PC. We also reviewed the literature on chemotherapy and targeted therapy, especially the anti-angiogenesis therapy for patients with PC, and investigated the effect of apatinib in other solid tumors as well.

关键词： Anti-angiogenesis Apatinib Pancreatic cancer Targeted therapy Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2

Three-Dimensional Compensation for Minimizing Heating of the Ion in Surface-Electrode Trap

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Chinese Physics Letters 2020年第5期37卷 38-41页

作者： Ji Li Liang Chen Yi-He Chen zhi-chao liu Hang Zhang Mang Feng State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathemnaticsInnovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

The trapped ions confined in a surface-electrode trap(SET)could be free from rf heating if they stay at the rf potential null of the potential *** report our effort to compensate three-dimensionally for the micromotion of a single ^40Ca^+ion near the rf potential null,which largely suppresses the ion’s heating and thus helps to achieve the cooling of the ion down to 3.4 mK,which is very close to the Doppler *** is the prerequosite of the sideband cooling in our SET.

关键词： quo heating compensate

Detection of DC electric forces with zeptonewton sensitivity by single-ion phonon laser

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第11期65卷 107-114页

作者： Ya-Qi Wei Ying-Zheng Wang zhi-chao liu Tai-Hao Cui Liang Chen Ji Li Shuang-Qin Dai Fei Zhou Mang Feng State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510641China Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement Guangzhou Institute of Industry TechnologyGuangzhou511458China School of Physics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China

Detecting extremely small forces helps exploring new physics *** we demonstrate that the phonon laser made of a single trapped ^(40)Ca^(+) ion behaves as an exquisite sensor for small force *** report our successful detection of small electric forces regarding the DC trapping potential with sensitivity of(2.41±0.49)zN/√Hz,with the ion only under Doppler cooling,based on the injection-locking of the oscillation phase of the phonon laser in addition to the classical squeezing applied to suppress the measurement *** anticipate that such a single-ion sensor would reach a much better force detection sensitivity in the future once the trapping system is further improved and the fluorescence collection efficiency is further enhanced.

关键词： single-ion sensor phonon laser super-sensitive detection injection locking classical squeezing

Prediction of Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome with Velocity Blood Pressure Index

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Chinese Medical Journal 2015年第12期128卷 1611-1617页

作者： zhi-chao Lai Bao liu Yu Chen Leng Ni Chang-Wei liu Department of Vascular Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science Beijing 100730 China

Background：Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is an important complication of carotid endarterectomy （CEA）.An 〉 100% increase in middle cerebral artery velocity （MCAV） after CEA is used to predict the cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome （CHS） development,but the accuracy is *** increase in blood pressure （BP） after surgery is a risk factor of CHS,but no study uses it to predict *** study was to create a more precise parameter for prediction of CHS by combined the increase of MCAV and BP after ***：Systolic MCAV measured by transcranial Doppler and systematic BP were recorded preoperatively;30 min *** new parameter velocity BP index （VBI） was calculated from the postoperative increase ratios of MCAV and BE The prediction powers of VBI and the increase ratio of MCAV （velocity ratio [VR]） were compared for predicting CHS ***：Totally,6/185 cases suffered *** best-fit cut-off point of 2.0 for VBI was identified,which had 83.3% sensitivity,98.3% specificity,62.5% positive predictive value and 99.4% negative predictive value for CHS *** result is significantly better than VR （33.3%,97.2%,28.6% and 97.8%）.The area under the curve （AUC） of receiver operating characteristic：AUCvBI =0.981,95% confidence interval [CI] 0.949-0.995;AUCvR =0.935,95% CI 0.890-0.966,P =***：The new parameter VBI can more accurately predict patients at risk of CHS after *** observation needs to be validated by larger studies.

关键词： Blood Pressure Carotid Endarterectomy Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome Prediction Transcranial Doppler

Chemoselective and Living/Controlled Polymerization of Alkenyl Methacrylates by the Phosphonium Ylide/Organoaluminum Lewis Pairs

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第2期42卷 159-167,I0005页

作者： zhi-Kang Chen Wu-chao Zhao Yi-Ling Zhao Cong-Lei liu liu-Yin Jiang Yue-Tao Zhang Hong-Ping Zhu State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012China

Chemoselective,living/controlled polymerizations of allyl methacrylate(AMA) and vinyl methacrylate(VMA) with/without methyl methacrylate(MMA) by using the phosphonium ylide/organoaluminum based Lewis pairs(LPs) have been *** P-ylide-2/AIMe(BHT)_(2)(Pylide-2=Ph_(3)P=CHMe and BHT=2,6-iBu_(2)-4-MeC_(6)H_(2)O) was demonstrated to be superior by which homopolymers PAMAs(M_(n)=27.6-111.5kg/mol and ■=1.14-1.25) and PVMAs(M_(n)=28.4-78.4 kg/mol and ■=1.12-1.18) and block copolymers PMMA-b-PAMA,PAMA-b-PVMA,PAMA-bPMMA,PMMA-b-PAMA-b-PMMA,PAMA-b-PMMA-b-PAMA,and PAMA-b-PVMA-b-PAMA were *** the polymerizations,all of the monomers were reacted by the conjugated ester vinyl groups leaving intactly the nonconjugated acryloxy *** pendant acryloxy groups attached to the main chain enable further to post-functionalization by the AIBN-induced radical "thiol-ene" reaction using PhCH_(2)*** thiolether side group-containing polymers PAMA-SCH_(2)Ph and PAMA-SCH_(2)Ph-b-PMMA-b-PAMA-SCH_(2)Ph were thus prepared.

关键词： Phosphonium ylide Alkenyl methacrylate Chemoselectivity Living/controlled polymerization Post-functionalization

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots as photocatalysts for organic synthesis:Effect of nitrogen content on catalytic activity

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4825-4833页

作者： Kai-Kai Niu chao-Qun Ma Rui-zhi Dong Hui liu Sheng-Sheng Yu Ling-Bao Xing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000China

Regulating the doping of carbon dots(CDs)and the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)is essential to selectively control their application in photocatalytic organic *** study successfully synthesized five newly developed nitrogen-doped carbon dots(CDs 1-5)with varying nitrogen content,which have the ability to generate ROS when exposed to light radiation,specifically superoxide anion radicals(O_(2)•-)and singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)).The utilization of the aforementioned nitrogen-doped CDs as photocatalysts enables the realization of their potential in facilitating efficient photocatalytic organic ***,it was observed that the photocatalytic efficiency exhibited a gradual decrease when the nitrogen content in the CDs *** order to provide more evidence for this claim,we employed a set of five CDs in the context of photocatalytic dehalogenation ofα-bromoacetophenone,photocatalytic oxidative coupling reaction of amines to imines,photooxidation reaction of sulfides to sulfoxides,and cross-dehydrogenation coupling(CDC)reaction,in which it was further observed that there was a steady decrease in the yields of photocatalytic organic reactions as the nitrogen content in CDs ***,CDs 1 exhibited the best photocatalytic efficiency,thereby reinforcing the hypothesis that a higher nitrogen content corresponds to a decreased catalytic *** study not only investigates the impact of the nitrogen content on the catalytic performance of CDs,but also offers valuable insights for the future utilization of CDs for photocatalytic organic reactions in water.

关键词： carbon dots nitrogen-doped reactive oxygen species photocatalysis

Tracked robot with underactuated tension-driven RRP transformable mechanism:ideas and design

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期19卷 85-104页

作者： Ran XU chao liu School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing Measuring and Control Technology(Ministry of Education)Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

Robots with transformable tracked mechanisms are widely used in complex terrains because of their high adaptability,and many studies on novel locomotion mechanisms have been conducted to make them able to climb higher *** underactuated transformable mechanisms for tracked robots could decrease the number of actuators used while maintaining the flexibility and obstacle-crossing capability of these robots,and increasing their cost ***,the underactuated tracked robots have appreciable research *** this paper,a novel tracked robot with a newly proposed underactuated revolute‒revolute‒prismatic(RRP)transformable mechanism,which is inspired by the sit-up actions of humans,was *** newly proposed tracked robot has only two actuators installed on the track pulleys for moving and does not need extra actuators for ***,it could concentrate the track belt’s tension toward one side,and the unbalanced tension would drive the linkage mechanisms to change its *** this method,the proposed underactuated design could change its external shape to create support points with the terrain and move its center of mass actively at the same time while climbing obstacles or crossing other kinds of terrains,thus greatly improving the climbing capability of the *** geometry and kinematic relationships of the robot and the crossing strategies for three kinds of typical obstacles are *** the basis of such crossing motions,the parameters of links in the robot are designed to make sure the robot has sufficient stability while climbing ***-crossing dynamic simulations were run and analyzed to prove the feasibility of the robot.A prototype was built and *** show that the proposed robot could climb platforms with heights up to 33.3%of the robot’s length or cross gaps with widths up to 43.5%of the robot’s length.

关键词： mechanical design tracked robot underactuated mechanisms RRP mechanism obstacle crossing strategy