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A Differential Privacy Federated Learning Scheme Based on Adaptive Gaussian Noise

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1679-1694页

作者： Sanxiu Jiao Lecai Cai Xinjie Wang kui Cheng Xiang Gao College of Automation and Information Engineering Sichuan University of Science and EngineeringYibin644000China Sanjiang Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Yibin UniversityYibin644000China College of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan University of Science and EngineeringYibin644000China

As a distributed machine learning method,federated learning(FL)has the advantage of naturally protecting data privacy.It keeps data locally and trains local models through local data to protect the privacy of local data.The federated learning method effectively solves the problem of artificial Smart data islands and privacy protection issues.However,existing research shows that attackersmay still steal user information by analyzing the parameters in the federated learning training process and the aggregation parameters on the server side.To solve this problem,differential privacy(DP)techniques are widely used for privacy protection in federated learning.However,adding Gaussian noise perturbations to the data degrades the model learning performance.To address these issues,this paper proposes a differential privacy federated learning scheme based on adaptive Gaussian noise(DPFL-AGN).To protect the data privacy and security of the federated learning training process,adaptive Gaussian noise is specifically added in the training process to hide the real parameters uploaded by the client.In addition,this paper proposes an adaptive noise reduction method.With the convergence of the model,the Gaussian noise in the later stage of the federated learning training process is reduced adaptively.This paper conducts a series of simulation experiments on realMNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets,and the results show that the DPFL-AGN algorithmperforms better compared to the other algorithms.

关键词： Differential privacy federated learning deep learning data privacy

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Effects of the fertilizer and water management on amino acids and volatile components in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 69-79页

作者： kui Zhang Wenhuai Kang Weihua Han Haijun Ma Daozhi Gong Ling Qin College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Biological Science and Engineering North Minzu UniversityYinchuan 750021China

The amino acids and the volatile substances in grapes and wines play important roles in their quality,and the concentrations of these substances can be changed by how a vineyard is managed,e.g.,irrigation and fertigation regimes.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilizer and water management on the distribution of amino acids,the volatile component profiles,and the sensory characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines.The results showed that the amino acid concentration in grape berries was the highest under the 100%local fertilizer rate(HF)and 100%water irrigation quota(HW)treatment,and the volatile component concentration in wine was the highest under HF and 80%water irrigation quota(MW)treatment.The effect of irrigation on the amino acid content in grapes was greater than that of fertigation.The synergistic effect of fertilizer and water on arginine,serine,and glutamine in grape berries was significant.The interactive effect of fertigation and irrigation on the volatile substance in grapes was greater than that of fertigation and irrigation alone.The influence of irrigation on volatile substances in wines was greater than that of fertigation.In addition,there was also a correlation between the concentrations of multiple amino acids in grapes and volatile components in wines.Principal component analysis showed that the wine from the HFMW treatment had the best quality among all treatments.

关键词： fertilizer and water management grape ine amino acids volatile components

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社会创新视角下设计发展趋向研究

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包装工程 2023年第20期44卷 77-87页

作者：徐之殿奎鲍懿喜江南大学设计学院江苏无锡214122

目的为有效促进国内社会创新研究与国际先进水准接轨,构建中国特色社会创新研究,了解和掌握国内外社会创新视角下设计的发展趋向,对相关概念、热点、策略,以及未来研究动向进行了梳理和分析。方法运用可视化文献数据分析软件VOSviewer和... 详细信息

目的为有效促进国内社会创新研究与国际先进水准接轨,构建中国特色社会创新研究,了解和掌握国内外社会创新视角下设计的发展趋向,对相关概念、热点、策略,以及未来研究动向进行了梳理和分析。方法运用可视化文献数据分析软件VOSviewer和Citespace对Web of Science核心合集数据库和知网(CNKI)数据库中国内外“社会创新”和“设计”相关文献进行分析,从设计理念、研究方法、研究对象、结果评价四个角度探讨国内外社会创新视角下设计研究发生的变化。结果提出社会创新视角下设计发展的三大趋向:社会责任与价值取向、设计战略与创新模式、设计理念与研究方法,并构建了协同机制。结论总结了国内外社会创新视角下设计研究关注焦点的异同、发展趋势和未来研究动向。协同机制的提出,从整体和系统角度阐明三大趋向的逻辑与关联,为应对未来挑战提供了方法论指导。社会创新与设计领域交叉是未来设计研究的重要发展趋向,多学科交融也将是社会发展之必然趋势。

关键词：社会创新设计可视化分析发展趋向协同机制

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Electrolyte Design for Low‑Temperature Li‑Metal Batteries:Challenges and Prospects

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 365-382页

作者： Siyu Sun Kehan Wang Zhanglian Hong Mingjia zhi Kai Zhang Jijian Xu Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Electrolyte design holds the greatest opportunity for the development of batteries that are capable of sub-zero temperature operation.To get the most energy storage out of the battery at low temperatures,improvements in electrolyte chemistry need to be coupled with optimized electrode materials and tailored electrolyte/electrode interphases.Herein,this review critically outlines electrolytes’limiting factors,including reduced ionic conductivity,large de-solvation energy,sluggish charge transfer,and slow Li-ion transportation across the electrolyte/electrode interphases,which affect the low-temperature performance of Li-metal batteries.Detailed theoretical derivations that explain the explicit influence of temperature on battery performance are presented to deepen understanding.Emerging improvement strategies from the aspects of electrolyte design and electrolyte/electrode interphase engineering are summarized and rigorously compared.Perspectives on future research are proposed to guide the ongoing exploration for better low-temperature Li-metal batteries.

关键词： Solid electrolyte interphase Li metal Low temperature Electrolyte design Batteries

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miR-378a-3p responds to physical activity by modulating insulin-mediated glucose uptake and tricarboxylic acid cycle in skeletal muscle

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 98-101页

作者： Zishuai Wang Yilong Yao Xinhua Hou Danyang Fan Yanwen Liu Adeyinka Abiola Adetula Yalan Yang kui Li Zhonglin Tang Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenGuangdong518000China Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculiture at Foshan Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesFoshanGuangdong528226China GuangXi Engineering Centre for Resource Development of Bama Xiang Pig BamaGuangxi 547500China Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China

Aerobic exercise training alters gene expression in skeletal muscle,and miRNAs significantly contribute to motion response.However,the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate the response to exercise training are not well understood.Here,we found that the abundance of miR-378a-3p in skeletal muscle significantly decreased after exercise training.miR-378a-3p knockout mice showed increased insulin sensitivity,insulin-mediated glucose uptake.

关键词： skeletal miR uptake

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Clinical efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification in diabetic cataract patients

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第10期12卷 1733-1741页

作者： Yi-Fei Tang zhi-Hui Duan Department of Glaucoma and Cataracts Han Yang Eyegood Ophthalmic HospitalWuhan 430056Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Diabetic patients with cataracts encounter specific difficulties during cataract surgery due to alterations in microcirculation,blood supply,metabolism,and the microenvironment.Traditional phacoemulsification may not fully tackle these issues,especially in instances with substantial preoperative astigmatism.The utilization of femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification,in conjunction with Toric intraocular lens(IOL)implantation,offers a potentially more efficient strategy.This research seeks to evaluate the efficacy and possible complications of this approach in diabetic cataract patients.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy and complications of femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification combined with Toric IOL implantation in diabetic cataract patients,comparing it with traditional phacoemulsification methods.METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 120 patients with diabetes cataract from May 2019 to May 2021.The patients were divided into two groups:the control group underwent traditional phacoemulsification and Toric IOL implantation,while the treatment group received Len Sx femtosecond laser-assisted treatment.Outcome measures included naked eye vision,astigmatism,high-level ocular phase difference detection,clinical efficacy,and complication.RESULTS There were no significant preoperative differences in astigmatism or naked eyesight between the two groups.However,postoperative improvements were observed in both groups,with the treatment group showing greater enhancements in naked eye vision and astigmatism six months after the procedure.High-level corneal phase difference tests also indicated significant differences in favor of the treatment group.CONCLUSION This study suggests that femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification combined with Toric IOL implantation appears to be more effective in enhancing postoperative vision in diabetic cataract patients compared to traditional methods offering valuable insights for clinical practice.

关键词： Diabetic cataract Femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification Toric intraocular lens implantation Naked vision

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Analysis of strength characteristics of loess before and after freezing using a hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第2期16卷 63-72页

作者： Peng Shen Qingzhi Wang JianHong Fang ChenWei Wang kui Zhang School of Civil Engineering and Water Resources Qinghai University Qinghai Scientific Research Observation Base Key Laboratory of Highway Construction and Maintenance Technology in Permafrost RegionsMinistry of Transport

This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of the principal stress angle rotation and intermediate principal stress on loess's strength and deformation characteristics. A hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus was utilized to conduct tests on remolded samples under both normal and frozen conditions to investigate the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of loess under complex stress conditions. The results indicate significant differences in the internal changes of soil particles, unfrozen water, and relative positions in soil samples under normal and frozen conditions, leading to noticeable variations in strength and strain development.In frozen state, loess experiences primarily compressive failure with a slow growth of cracks, while at normal temperature, it predominantly exhibits shear failure. With the increase in the principal stress angle, the deformation patterns of the soil samples under different conditions become essentially consistent, gradually transitioning from compression to extension, accompanied by a reduction in axial strength. The gradual increase in the principal stress axis angle(α) reduces the strength of the generalized shear stress and shear strain curves.Under an increasing α, frozen soil exhibits strain-hardening characteristics, with the maximum shear strength occurring at α = 45°. The intermediate principal stress coefficient(b) also significantly impacts the strength of frozen soil, with an increasing b resulting in a gradual decrease in generalized shear stress strength. This study provides a reference for comprehensively exploring the mechanical properties of soil under traffic load and a reliable theoretical basis for the design and maintenance of roadbeds.

关键词： Loess Hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus Major principal stress angle Intermediate principal stress coefficient

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Effect of the Filling Liquid Ratio on the Thermal Performance of a Novel Thermal Diode with Wick

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 396-407页

作者： LI zhiyong MING Tingzhen ZHANG Heyu ZHAO Sitong WANG Qinggang CAI Cunjin YIN kui FANG Yueping WU Yongjia School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park Wuhan University of TechnologySanya572004China Deparment of Four Station Logistics AcademyXuzhou221000China School of Energy Construction and EnvironmentCoventry UniversityPriory StreetCoventryCV15FBUK

The application of thermal diodes,which allow heat to flow more readily in one direction than the other,is an important way to reduce energy consumption in buildings and enhance the battery heat dissipation of electric vehicles.Depending on various factors including the specific design,materials used,and operating conditions,the convective thermal diode can exhibit the best thermal rectification effect in intended applications compared to the other thermal diodes.In this study,a novel convective thermal diode with a wick was proposed based on the phase change heat transfer mechanism.This design takes advantage of both capillary forces provided by the wick and gravity to achieve enhanced unidirectional heat transfer performance for the designed convective thermal diode.The effect of the filling liquid ratio on the thermal performance of the thermal diode was experimentally investigated,which was in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.The research findings showed that with an optimal liquid filling ratio of 140%,the thermal diode with a wick can achieve a better thermal rectification ratio when subjected to a lower heating power,and the maximum thermal rectification ratio of 21.76 was experimentally achieved when the heating power of the thermal diode was 40 W.

关键词： filling liquid ratio thermal diode wick structure gravity

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Crystal Structure of Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)nickel(II) Tetrachlorozincate

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2000年第2期19卷 95-98页

作者： LIN Shan Huo a WANG zhi kui b ZHANG Ba He b HU Huai Ming a HUANG Jin Shun a* a(State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002)b(Depart 中科院福建物质结构所结构化学国家重点实验室福建福州 3 50 0 0 2 山西师范大学山西西安 71 0 0 6 2

A bimetallic complex Ni〔C 10 H 8N 2〕 3〔ZnCl 4〕 has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined at room temperature. The complex crystallizes in the trigonal system, space group R3c, with a = 13.343(2), b = 13.343(2), c = 58 932(12) , V= 9087(3)  3, Z = 12 , NiZnC 30 N 6Cl 14 H 24 , M r=734.30, D c =1 611 g/cm 3, μ =1.799 mm -1 , F (000)=4464. Least squares refinement of the structure leads to the agreement factors R 1=0.0278 and wR 2 =0.0741 for the observable reflections. The complex consists of discrete tris(2,2’ bipyridine) nickel(II) cation, 〔Ni (bipy) 3〕 2+ , and tetrachlorozincate anion, 〔ZnCl 4〕 2- . Each nickel(II) atom is six coordinated in an octahedron with six nitrogen atoms of three 2,2’ bipyridine ligands. The mean Ni(II)-N bond length is 2.089(2) . The zinc(II) atom is coordinated with four chloride atoms in tetrahedral geometry. The mean Zn(II)-Cl bond length is 2 264(1) .

关键词： crystal structure bimetallic compound tris(2 2’ bipyridine)nickel tetrachlorozincate

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Rapid chemical recycling of waste polyester plastics catalyzed by recyclable catalyst

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期5卷 257-265页

作者： Yu-Ji Luo Jia-Yin Sun zhi Li School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China

Waste plastics are serious environmental threats due to their low degradability and low recycling rate.Rapid and efficient waste plastics recycling technologies are urgently demanded for a sustainable future.Herein,we report a rapid,closed-loop,and streamlined process to convert polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)back to its purified monomers.Using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or metal triflates as the recyclable catalyst,polyesters such as PET can be completely depolymerized by simple carboxylic acids within 1 h.By coupling this acidolysis with a subsequent hydrogenolysis process,the consumed carboxylic acid was recovered and the closed-loop of PET depolymerization could be established.All catalysts and depolymerization agents are fully recycled while only PET and hydrogen are consumed.

关键词： Chemical recycling Waste polyester plastics Acidolysis Recyclable catalyst

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