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On the accumulative contribution of CO_2 emission from China to global climate change

Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第11期59卷 2202-2212页

作者： BAO Ying QIAO FangLi song zhenya First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Key Lab of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic Administration

A study of the contribution to global climate change from China's CO_2 emission is conducted using the FIO-ESM v1.0 climate model. A series of sensitivity experiments are performed to identify two kinds of contributions to global climate change of China's CO_2 emission due to fossil fuel combustion: one is the pure contribution which is the historical climate response from the sensitivity experiment forced only by China's CO_2 emission, the other is the accumulative contribution which is proposed in this research and defined as the difference of historical climate responses between the experiments forced by all countries' CO_2 emission and other countries' CO_2 emission excluding China. The pure contribution approach considers the total CO_2 discharged by China, while the accumulative contribution approach considers not only the discharge amount of China but also the discharge order of China and other countries. The latter is a more realistic approach to quantify the contribution of CO_2 emission to the historical change of atmospheric CO_2 concentration, surface air temperature(SAT), sea surface temperature(SST) and sea ice coverage in the Arctic. Model results show that from the accumulative perspective, the ratio of the contribution of CO_2 emission from China for the increase of atmospheric CO_2 concentration, SAT and SST, and the decrease of the sea ice coverage in the Arctic to that from all other countries excluding China varies from 8% to 92%, 5% to 95%, 9% to91% and 18% to 82%, respectively. Here we take the contribution of China's CO_2 emission as an example, the contribution of CO_2 emission from any other country or area can be evaluated by the same approach.

关键词： Accumulative contribution Pure contribution Climate model CO_2 emission

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Observation of atmospheric methane in the Arctic Ocean up to 87° north

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第1期60卷 173-179页

作者： ZHANG Min QIAO FangLi song zhenya The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 China Key Lab of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

Although the Arctic methane reservoir is large,the emission of methane from the Arctic Ocean into the atmosphere remains poorly *** ship-borne measurements of atmospheric methane near the surface ocean were carried out during two cruises to investigate methane emission from the Arctic Ocean up to the latitude of 87°***-day air mass back trajectories along the cruise tracks indicated that the surface Arctic Ocean could be a potentially important source of methane to the *** bursts in methane concentration occurred mainly along the ocean frontal area,suggesting that frontal upwelling in the upper layer of the Arctic Ocean might contribute to methane emissions into the atmosphere.

关键词： Methane The Arctic Ocean Frontal upwelling

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Eastern equatorial Pacific SST seasonal cycle in global climate models: from CMIP5 to CMIP6

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第7期39卷 50-60页

作者： zhenya song Hailong Liu Xingrong Chen First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200240China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China

The sea surface temperature(SST)seasonal cycle in the eastern equatorial Pacific(EEP)plays an important role in the El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)***,the reasonable simulation of SST seasonal cycle in the EEP is still a challenge for climate *** this paper,we evaluated the performance of 17 CMIP6 climate models in simulating the seasonal cycle in the EEP and compared them with 43 CMIP5 climate *** general,only CESM2 and SAM0-UNICON are able to successfully capture the annual mean SST characteristics,and the results showed that CMIP6 models have no fundamental improvement in the model annual mean *** the seasonal cycle,14 out of 17 climate models are able to represent the major characteristics of the observed SST annual *** spring,12 models capture the 1–2 months leading the eastern equatorial Pacific region 1(EP1;5°S–5°N,110°–85°W)against the eastern equatorial Pacific region 2(EP2;5°S–5°N,140°–110°W).In autumn,only two models,GISS-E2-G and SAM0-UNICON,correctly show that the EP1 and EP2 SSTs vary in *** the CMIP6 MME SST simulation in EP1,both the cold bias along the equator in the warm phase and the warm bias in the cold phase lead to a weaker annual SST cycle in the CGCMs,which is similar to the CMIP5 ***,both the seasonal cold bias and warm bias are considerably decreased for CMIP6,which leads the annual SST cycle to more closely reflect the *** the CMIP6 MME SST simulation in EP2,the amplitude is similar to the observed value due to the quasi-constant cold bias throughout the year,although the cold bias is clearly improved after August compared with CMIP5 ***,although SAM0-UNICON successfully captured the seasonal cycle characteristics in the EEP and the improvement from CMIP5 to CMIP6 in simulating EEP SST is clear,the fundamental climate models simulated biases still exist.

关键词： CMIP5 CMIP6 eastern equatorial Pacific SST seasonal cycle

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The correctness to the spuriously simulated semi-annual cycle of the sea surface temperature in the equatorial eastern Pacific

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第3期54卷 438-444页

作者： song zhenya QIAO FangLi WANG ChunZai The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Miami USA

One of the challenges faced by the climate model of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) is the spuriously simulated semi-annual cycle of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial eastern Pacific. This model bias has limited the performance of the climate simulation and prediction. Based on the surface wave-circulation coupled theory, an atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model was developed, which incorporates the MASNUM (key laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling) wave number spectral model into CCSM3. The new coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model successfully removes the spurious semi-annual cycle simulated by the original CCSM3 and reasonably produces an SST annual cycle with warm and cold phases in April and August, respectively. The correlation between the simulated and observed SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific is improved from 0.66 to 0.93. The ocean surface layer heat budget analysis indicates that the wave-induced vertical mixing is responsible for improving the simulation of the SST seasonal cycle in the equatorial eastern Pacific.

关键词： SST seasonal cycle the eastern Pacific the wave-induced mixing CGCMs

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The effect of the wave-induced mixing on the upper ocean temperature in a climate model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第3期27卷 104-111页

作者： HUANG Chuanjiang QIAO Fangli song zhenya Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling of State Oceanic Administration First Institute of Oceanography State Ocean Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The significant underestimation of sea surface temperature （SST） and the temperature in the upper ocean is one of common problems in present climate models. The influence of the wave-induced mixing on SST and the temperature in the upper ocean was examined based on a global climate model. The results from the model coupled with wave-induced mixing showed a significant improvement in the simulation of SST and the temperature in the upper ocean compared with those of the original model without wave effects. Although there has still a cold bias, the new simulation is much closer to the climatology, especially in the northern ocean and tropical ocean. This study indicates that some important physical processes in the accurate simulation of the ocean may be ignored in present climate models, and the wave-induced mixing is one of those factors. Thus, the wave-induced mixing （ or the effect of surface waves） should be incorporated properly into climate models in order to simulate or forecast the ocean, then climate system, more accurately.

关键词： surface wave vertical mixing SST upper ocean temperature climate model

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Historical simulation and twenty-first century prediction of oceanic CO_2 sink and pH change

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2012年第5期31卷 87-97页

作者： BAO Ying QIAO Fangli song zhenya College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China

A global ocean carbon cycle model based on the ocean general circulation model POP and the improved biogeochemical model OCMIP-2 is employed to simulate carbon cycle processes under the historically observed atmospheric CO 2 concentration and different future scenarios （called Rep- resentative Concentration Pathways, or RCPs）. The RCPs in this paper follow the design of Inter- governmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） for the Fifth Assessment Report （AR5）. The model results show that the ocean absorbs CO 2 from atmosphere and the absorbability will continue in the 21st century under the four RCPs. The net air-sea CO 2 flux increased during the historical time and reached 1.87 Pg/a （calculated by carbon） in 2005; however, it would reach peak and then decrease in the 21st century. The ocean absorbs CO 2 mainly in the mid latitude, and releases CO 2 in the equator area. However, in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACC） area the ocean would change from source to sink under the rising CO 2 concentration, including RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5. In 2100, the anthropogenic carbon would be transported to the 40 S in the Atlantic Ocean by the North Atlantic Deep Water （NADW）, and also be transported to the north by the Antarctic Bottom Water （AABW） along the Antarctic continent in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The ocean pH value is also simulated by the model. The pH decreased by 0.1 after the industrial revolution, and would continue to decrease in the 21st century. For the highest concentration sce- nario of RCP8.5, the global averaged pH would decrease by 0.43 to reach 7.73 due to the absorption of CO 2 from atmosphere.

关键词： ocean carbon cycle model air-sea CO 2 flux anthropogenic carbon pH value

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Contribution of surface wave-induced vertical mixing to heat content in global upper ocean

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第2期38卷 307-313页

作者： CHEN Siyu QIAO Fangli HUANG Chuanjiang song zhenya Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100China First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

Compared with observations,the simulated upper ocean heat content(OHC)determined from climate models shows an underestimation *** simulation bias of the average annual water temperature in the upper 300 m is 0.2℃lower than the observational *** results from our two numerical experiments,using a CMIP5 model,show that the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing can reduce this *** enhanced vertical mixing increases the OHC in the global upper ocean(65°S–65°N).Using non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing reduced the disparity by 30%to 0.14℃.The heat content increase is not directly induced by air-sea heat fluxes during the simulation period,but is the legacy of temperature increases in the first 150 *** this period,additional vertical mixing was initially included in the climate *** non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing improves the OHC by increasing the air-sea heat fluxes in the first 150 *** increase in air-sea heat fluxes warms the upper ocean by 0.05–0.06℃.The results show that the incorporation of vertical mixing induced by nonbreaking surface waves in our experiments can improve the simulation of OHC in the global upper ocean.

关键词： surface wave-induced vertical mixing upper ocean heat content air-sea heat fluxes climate model

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Link between the Barents Oscillation and Recent Boreal Winter Cooling over the Asian Midlatitudes

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 127-132页

作者： Qi SHU Fangli QIAO zhenya song Yajuan song First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic Administration

The link between boreal winter cooling over the midlatitudes of Asia and the Barents Oscillation(BO) since the late 1980s is discussed in this study, based on five datasets. Results indicate that there is a large-scale boreal winter cooling during 1990–2015 over the Asian midlatitudes, and that it is a part of the decadal oscillations of long-term surface air temperature(SAT)anomalies. The SAT anomalies over the Asian midlatitudes are significantly correlated with the BO in boreal winter. When the BO is in its positive phase, anomalously high sea level pressure over the Barents region, with a clockwise wind anomaly,causes cold air from the high latitudes to move over the midlatitudes of Asia, resulting in anomalous cold conditions in that region. Therefore, the recent increasing trend of the BO has contributed to recent winter cooling over the Asian midlatitudes.

关键词： climate change Barents Oscillation winter cooling

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Effect of increasing Arctic river runoff on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation:a model study

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第8期36卷 59-65页

作者： SHU Qi QIAO Fangli song zhenya XIAO Bin The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China

An increasing amount of freshwater has been observed to enter the Arctic Ocean from the six largest Eurasian rivers over the past several decades. The increasing trend is projected to continue in the twenty-first century according to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） coupled models. The present study found that water flux from rivers to the Arctic Ocean at the end of the century will be 1.4 times that in 1950 according to CMIP5 projection results under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. The effect of increasing Arctic river runoff on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation （AMOC） was investigated using an ocean-ice coupled model. Results obtained from two numerical experiments show that 100, 150 and 200 years after the start of an increase in the Arctic river runoff at a rate of 0.22%/a, the AMOC will weaken by 0.6 （3%）, 1.2 （7%） and 1.8 （11%） Sv. AMOC weakening is mainly caused by freshwater transported from increasing Arctic river runoff inhibiting the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water （NADW）. As the AMOC weakens, the deep seawater age will become older throughout the Atlantic Basin owing to the increasing of Arctic runoff.

关键词： climate change Arctic river runoff Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

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A comparison of two global ocean-ice coupled models with different horizontal resolutions

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第8期32卷 1-11页

作者： SHU Qi QIAO Fangli song zhenya YIN Xunqiang College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic Administration

A global eddy-permitting ocean-ice coupled model with a horizontal resolution of 0.25° by 0.25° is estab- lished on the basis of Modular Ocean Model version 4 （MOM4） and Sea Ice Simulator （SIS）. Simulation results are compared with those of an intermediate resolution ocean-ice coupled model with a horizontal resolution of about 1° by 1°. The results show that the simulated ocean temperature, ocean current and sea ice concentration from the eddy-permitting model are better than those from the intermediate resolu- tion model. However, both the two models have the common problem of ocean general circulation models （OGCMs） that the majority of the simulated summer sea surface temperature （SST） is too warm while the majority of the simulated subsurface summer temperature is too cold. Further numerical experiments show that this problem can be alleviated by incorporating the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing into the vertical mixing scheme for both eddy-permitting and intermediate resolution models.

关键词： eddy-permitting model intermediate resolution model non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing

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