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Vagus nerve stimulation in cerebral stroke:biological mechanisms,therapeutic modalities,clinical applications,and future directions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1707-1717页

作者： Li Du xuan He Xiaoxing Xiong xu Zhang Zhihong Jian zhenxing Yang Department of Anesthesiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Stroke is a major disorder of the central nervous system that poses a serious threat to human life and quality of life.Many stro ke victims are left with long-term neurological dysfunction,which adversely affects the well-being of the individual and the broader socioeconomic impact.Currently,poststroke brain dysfunction is a major and difficult area of treatment.Vagus nerve stimulation is a Food and Drug Administration-approved exploratory treatment option for autis m,refractory depression,epilepsy,and Alzheimer’s disease.It is expected to be a novel therapeutic technique for the treatment of stroke owing to its association with multiple mechanisms such as alte ring neurotransmitters and the plasticity of central neuro ns.In animal models of acute ischemic stroke,vagus nerve stimulation has been shown to reduce infarct size,reduce post-stroke neurological damage,and improve learning and memory capacity in rats with stroke by reducing the inflammatory response,regulating bloodbrain barrier permeability,and promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis.At present,vagus nerve stimulation includes both invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation.Clinical studies have found that invasive vagus nerve stimulation combined with rehabilitation therapy is effective in im proving upper limb motor and cognitive abilities in stroke patients.Further clinical studies have shown that non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation,including ear/ce rvical vagus nerve stimulation,can stimulate vagal projections to the central nervous system similarly to invasive vagus nerve stimulation and can have the same effect.In this paper,we first describe the multiple effects of vagus nerve stimulation in stroke,and then discuss in depth its neuroprotective mechanisms in ischemic stroke.We go on to outline the res ults of the current major clinical applications of invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation.Finally,we provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of different types of vagus nerve stimulation in the

关键词： cerebral stroke neuroplasticity non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation rehabilitation vagus nerve stimulation

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Artificial intelligence for COVID-19: battling the pandemic with computational intelligence

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Intelligent Medicine 2022年第1期2卷 13-29页

作者： zhenxing xu Chang Su Yunyu Xiao Fei Wang Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew York 10065United States Department of Health Service Administration and Policy Temple UniversityPhiladelphia 19122United States

The new coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a global pandemic leading to over 180 million confirmed cases and nearly 4 million deaths until June 2021,according to the World Health Organization.Since the initial report in December 2019,COVID-19 has demonstrated a high transmission rate(with an R_(0)>2),a diverse set of clinical characteristics(e.g.,high rate of hospital and intensive care unit admission rates,multi-organ dysfunction for critically ill patients due to hyperinflammation,thrombosis,etc.),and a tremendous burden on health care systems around the world.To understand the serious and complex diseases and develop effective control,treatment,and prevention strategies,researchers from different disciplines have been making significant efforts from different aspects including epidemiology and public health,biology and genomic medicine,as well as clinical care and patient management.In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has been introduced into the healthcare field to aid clinical decision-making for disease diagnosis and treatment such as detecting cancer based on medical images,and has achieved superior performance in multiple data-rich application scenarios.In the COVID-19 pandemic,AI techniques have also been used as a powerful tool to overcome the complex diseases.In this context,the goal of this study is to review existing studies on applications of AI techniques in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.Specifically,these efforts can be grouped into the fields of epidemiology,therapeutics,clinical research,social and behavioral studies and are summarized.Potential challenges,directions,and open questions are discussed accordingly,which may provide new insights into addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and would be helpful for researchers to explore more related topics in the post-pandemic era.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic Artificial intelligence Electronic health record Machine learning

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Water-soluble organic matter with various polarities in PM_(2.5) over Xi'an,China:Abundance,functional groups,and light absorption

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 281-289页

作者： xueting Yang Shasha Huang Dan Li Hongmei xu Yaling Zeng Liu Yang Diwei Wang Ningning Zhang Junji Cao zhenxing Shen Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an710049China

Humic-like substances(HULIS)are a major component of brown carbon and consequently play a major role in climate change.In this study,70 PM_(2.5) samples were collected from Xi'an in winter 2019 and summer 2020.Neutral HULIS(HULIS-n),acidic HULIS(HULIS-a),and high-polarity water-soluble organic compounds(HP-WSOC)were analyzed to determine their carbon concentrations and measure their ultraviolet-visible absorption and infrared spectra.Of the three components,HULIS-n had the highest carbon content in both winter(3.29±1.45μg m^(-3))and in summer(1.38±1.10μg m^(-3)).The semi-quantitative results for the functional groups revealed that HP-WSOC was rich in carboxylic acids and had high aromaticity in winter,whereas HULIS-n was rich in carboxylic acids in summer.Moreover,HULJS-a was richer in nitrate esters and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons in summer than in winter.The results for specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA)and E_(250)/E_(365) revealed that HULIS had higher molecular weight and aromaticity in winter than in summer.HULIS-n dominated in the total light absorption of HULIS+HP-WSOC in both winter(73.08%)and summer(48.57%).Overall,the results on the carbon content,optical properties,and functional groups of WSOCs with differing polarity can improve un-derstanding of environmental and climatic effects.

关键词： Humic-like substances(HULIS) Aromaticity Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy Light absorbance

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Efficient Contact between H_(2)O and N-Coordinate Ru Nanoparticles in Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macro/Mesoporous Carbon Boosting Alkaline HER

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 164-170页

作者： Jiaqing Luo Chunyu Liu Ruolin Zhang Yuanqing Sun Hua xu Qingying Hu Manxue Zhang Jun Li zhenxing Li Weiyu Song Yuechang Wei Jian Liu State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil and Bejing Key Lab of Oil&Gas Optical Detection Technology China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Laboratory of Heavy Oil at Karamay Ching University of Petroleum-Beijing at KaramayKaramayXinjiang 83400China Basic Research Center for Energy Interdisciplinary College of ScienceChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Petrochemical Research Institute PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing 102206China BeijingNationalLaboratoryfor Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

In this study,a novel approach is proposed to achieve the uniformly dispersed Ru nanoparticles with N coordination loaded on three-dimensionally ordered macro/mesoporous carbon(3DOMMC)through simultaneous pyrolysis of Ru^(3+)and cyanamide on 33DOMMC.In an alkaline medium,the synthesized catalysts exhibit exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance.Specificall,Ru-N/3DOMMC demonstrates a significantly low overpotential of 13.8 mV to achieve acrent density of 10 mA.cmzandit exhibits a mass activity 17.5 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C.The outstanding performance could be attributed to the ultrahigh Ru dispersion and more efficient contact between active sites and reactant,which derived from the large specific surface area and interconnective three-dimensionally macro/mesopores of 3DOMMC.

关键词： 3DOMMC Hydrogen evolution reaction Electrocatalysis Solid-liquid contact Energy conversion

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Programmable photonic RF filters based on an integrated Fabry-Pérot laser with a saturable absorber

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 214-220页

作者：徐真真刘奕彤刘嘉慧王玲孙文韬孙振兴陈向飞 Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education&National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures&College of Engineering and Applied Sciences&Institute of Optical Communication Engineering&Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the programmable photonic radio frequency(RF)filters based on an integrated Fabry-Pérot laser with a saturable absorber(FP-SA).Owing to the high output power and the relative flatness spectrum of the FP-SA laser,only a waveshaper and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA)were needed,which can greatly reduce the complexity of the system.The sinc filter employed 87 taps,representing a record-high tap number and resulting in a 3-d B bandwidth of 0.27 GHz and a quality factor of 148.Furthermore,Gaussian apodization enabled the out-of-band rejection of the filter to reach 34 d B and the center frequency to be finely tuned over a wide range,spanning from 4 to 14 GHz.These results indicate that the proposed scheme could provide a promising guideline for the photonic RF filters that demand both high reconfigurability and greatly reduced size and complexity.

关键词： microwave filters microwave photonics passively mode-locked laser

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抗Ⅹa因子活性评估血液透析低分子肝素抗凝的效果

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中华预防医学杂志 2024年第2期58卷 254-260页

作者：王振兴毛永辉王源付沛颉党心徐冷楠北京医院肾内科、国家老年医学中心、中国医学科学院老年医学研究院北京100005

本研究使用抗Ⅹa因子活性探讨低分子肝素(LMWH)在血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)时的合理剂量及防止体外滤器凝血(ECC)的策略。回顾性病例对照研究纳入2020年12月至2021年1月期间在北京医院血液净化中心使用LMWH抗凝的维持性血液透析(MHD)... 详细信息

本研究使用抗Ⅹa因子活性探讨低分子肝素(LMWH)在血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)时的合理剂量及防止体外滤器凝血(ECC)的策略。回顾性病例对照研究纳入2020年12月至2021年1月期间在北京医院血液净化中心使用LMWH抗凝的维持性血液透析(MHD)的患者,收集患者体重、身高、基础肾脏病、透析龄等基础数据以及透析前、透析中及透析后的抗Ⅹa因子活性等实验室检查结果。共入组46例患者,其中凝血组5例(10.9%)、非凝血组41例(89.1%),HD开始后0.5 h抗Ⅹa因子活性达峰值,将4 h抗Ⅹa因子水平纳入受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),分析结果显示ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.802(95%置信区间:0.651~0.954,P=0.029),截点值为0.31 IU/ml(敏感性1,特异性0.683)。建议以体表面积作为基准估算血液透析LMWH抗凝剂量,HD 4 h抗Ⅹa因子活性≤0.31 IU/ml,对ECC具有较高的诊断价值。此外,二分类logistic回归分析结果显示,透析龄是ECC的独立危险因素(OR值1.319,95%CI 1.052~1.654,P=0.017)。综上,本研究揭示了透析龄可能是HD患者ECC的危险因素以及HD 4 h抗Ⅹa因子活性≤0.31 IU/ml可作为潜在的ECC的诊断截点,为预防血液透析滤器凝血的监测提供参考依据。

关键词：血液透析低分子肝素抗凝抗Ⅹa因子活性

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Generation of Hepatitis B virus PreS2-S antigen in Hansenula polymorpha

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第6期29卷 403-409页

作者： Xiaowei xu Sulin Ren Xiaoxiao Chen Jun Ge zhenxing xu Hongying Huang Honglin Sun Yue Gu Tong Zhou Jianqiang Li Hanmei xu State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Institute of Vaccine Research Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Group

Despite the long availability of a traditional prophylactic vaccine containing the HBV surface antigen(HBsA g) and aluminum adjuvant, nearly 10% of the population remains unable to generate an effective immune response. Previous studies have indicated that hepatitis B virus(HBV) PreS 2-S is abundant in T/B cell epitopes, which induces a stronger immune response than HBsA g, particularly in terms of cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) reaction. In the current study, the HBV PreS 2-S gene encoding an extra26 amino acids(PreS 2 C-terminus) located at the N-terminus of HBsA g was cloned into the pV CH1300 expression vector. Pre S2-S expressed in the methylotrophic yeast, Hansenula polymorpha, was produced at a yield of up to 250 mg/L. Subsequent purification steps involved hydrophobic adsorption to colloidal silica, ion-exchange chromatography and density ultracentrifugation. The final product was obtained with a total yield of ~15% and purity of ~99%. In keeping with previous studies, ~22 nm viruslike particles were detected using electron microscopy. The generated PreS 2-S antigen will be further studied for efficacy and safty in animals.

关键词： hepatitis B virus(HBV) PreS2-S virus-like particle(VLP) Hansenula polymorpha

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考虑充-换电站电池能量转供链路的配电网灾前-灾后两阶段恢复策略

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电力建设 2024年第7期45卷 76-87页

作者：徐望胜随权林湘宁李振兴三峡大学电气与新能源学院郑州大学电气与信息工程学院强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室(华中科技大学)

针对极寒天气、台风等极端事件可能诱发输电线路故障,致使配电网负荷大量失电的问题,提出一种考虑电动汽车充-换电站(battery charging-swapping station, BCSS)协同的配电网灾前-灾后两阶段恢复策略。首先,分析BCSS参与配电网恢复的可... 详细信息

针对极寒天气、台风等极端事件可能诱发输电线路故障,致使配电网负荷大量失电的问题,提出一种考虑电动汽车充-换电站(battery charging-swapping station, BCSS)协同的配电网灾前-灾后两阶段恢复策略。首先,分析BCSS参与配电网恢复的可行性以及配电网灾前-灾后两阶段恢复架构。其次,考虑低温环境的影响,构建考虑热管理系统的BCSS精细化能量转供链路模型。然后,提出考虑BCSS的配电网灾前-灾后两阶段恢复策略,其中灾前阶段决策电池组的分配,灾后阶段根据残存资源的供电潜能,以综合经济性最优为目标函数最大化保障负荷平稳运行。最后,以改进IEEE 33节点和123节点配电网为例进行数值仿真。结果表明,所提策略能够在提高配电网重要负荷恢复率的同时保证较低的恢复成本,具有可行性与优越性。

关键词：配电网电动汽车充-换电站(BCSS) 热管理系统灾前-灾后两阶段恢复

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一种新型早强高强灌浆料的制备及性能研究

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材料导报 2024年第S1期38卷 174-177页

作者：徐铜鑫胡鹏辉郑超周振兴中钢集团郑州金属制品研究院股份有限公司郑州450000

灌浆料作为一种常见的建筑材料,被广泛应用于建筑工程中,主要用于工程部位的支撑和固定。然而,传统的灌浆料存在一些问题,比如流动性易损失、强度发展缓慢以及后期强度不足等特点。本文通过研究不同水灰比、外加剂掺量以及矿物掺合料种... 详细信息

灌浆料作为一种常见的建筑材料,被广泛应用于建筑工程中,主要用于工程部位的支撑和固定。然而,传统的灌浆料存在一些问题,比如流动性易损失、强度发展缓慢以及后期强度不足等特点。本文通过研究不同水灰比、外加剂掺量以及矿物掺合料种类对灌浆料早强、高强性能的影响,并利用化学分析、XRD和SEM等方法对灌浆料进行检测分析。结果表明,灌浆料的水灰比在0.28、早强剂的掺量为0.1%以及硅灰和矿粉的掺量为5%、10%时,灌浆料的8 h、1 d、28 d抗折强度分别为11.5 MPa、14.4 MPa、16.8 MPa,抗压强度分别达到49.8 MPa、68.2 MPa、93.5 MPa,满足灌浆料早强、高强的性能要求。

关键词：水灰比矿物掺合料外加剂抗压强度抗折强度

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水钾复合处理对越夏基质培黄瓜秧苗形态及生理指标的影响

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河北农业大学学报 2024年第3期47卷 31-38页

作者：李宁刘颖张振兴徐琎索梦舜李青云河北农业大学园艺学院/河北省蔬菜产业协同创新中心河北保定071001 河北省保定市原种场河北保定071001

黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)是设施农业中种植面积最大的蔬菜种类之一,同时也是耗水量较大的蔬菜作物,世界范围的干旱问题日趋严重,水分的缺失使得大量的肥料不能被植物吸收利用,因而植株会出现各种缺肥症状。合理的水肥供应是作物高产高... 详细信息

黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)是设施农业中种植面积最大的蔬菜种类之一,同时也是耗水量较大的蔬菜作物,世界范围的干旱问题日趋严重,水分的缺失使得大量的肥料不能被植物吸收利用,因而植株会出现各种缺肥症状。合理的水肥供应是作物高产高效的生产基础。本试验研究了3种灌溉下限(W60:基质田间持水量的60%;W70:基质田间持水量的70%;W80:基质田间持水量的80%)和3种施钾量(K0:0 mmol/L;K4:4 mmol/L;K8:8 mmol/L)对夏季高温期温室内种植的黄瓜营养生长期的生长发育、叶片光合特性、植株根系指标和植株生物量的影响。结果表明:W70K8处理更好的促进了黄瓜的生长,使其株高、茎粗、叶片数、节间长度和叶面积生长指标显著的增加。W70K8处理可以显著提高黄瓜叶片的叶绿素含量,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均为最高。W70K8处理的黄瓜叶片净光合速率最高,为18.36μmol/(m^(2)·s)。W70K8处理显著促进了黄瓜的根系活力,根系活力为88.24μg TTF/(g·h)。综上,W70K8处理可以提高基质栽培黄瓜营养生长期的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、和各项生长指标,促进黄瓜生长发育。试验表明,在夏季设施基质栽培黄瓜营养生长期的适宜水钾耦合模式为:灌溉下限为基质田间持水量的70%,施钾浓度为8 mmol/L。

关键词：黄瓜水钾互作生长光合作用

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