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基于Transformer模型的时序数据预测方法综述

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计算机科学与探索 2025年第01期19卷 45-64页

作者：孟祥福石皓源辽宁工程技术大学电子与信息工程学院

时序数据预测（TSF）是指通过分析历史数据的趋势性、季节性等潜在信息，预测未来时间点或时间段的数值和趋势。时序数据由传感器生成，在金融、医疗、能源、交通、气象等众多领域都发挥着重要作用。随着物联网传感器的发展，海量的时... 详细信息

时序数据预测（TSF）是指通过分析历史数据的趋势性、季节性等潜在信息，预测未来时间点或时间段的数值和趋势。时序数据由传感器生成，在金融、医疗、能源、交通、气象等众多领域都发挥着重要作用。随着物联网传感器的发展，海量的时序数据难以使用传统的机器学习解决，而Transformer在自然语言处理和计算机视觉等领域的诸多任务表现优秀，学者们利用Transformer模型有效捕获长期依赖关系，使得时序数据预测任务取得了飞速发展。综述了基于Transformer模型的时序数据预测方法，按时间梳理了时序数据预测的发展进程，系统介绍了时序数据预处理过程和方法，介绍了常用的时序预测评价指标和数据集。以算法框架为研究内容系统阐述了基于Transformer的各类模型在TSF任务中的应用方法和工作原理。通过实验对比了各个模型的性能、优点和局限性，并对实验结果展开了分析与讨论。结合Transformer模型在时序数据预测任务中现有工作存在的挑战提出了该方向未来发展趋势。

关键词：深度学习时序数据预测数据预处理 Transformer模型

Metabolic reprogramming: a new option for the treatment of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1042-1057页

作者： Jiangjie Chen Jinyang Chen Chao Yu Kaishun Xia Biao Yang Ronghao Wang Yi Li Kesi shi Yuang Zhang Haibin Xu Xuesong Zhang Jingkai Wang Qixin Chen Chengzhen Liang Department of Orthopedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Qiandongnan Prefecture People’s Hospital KailiGuizhou ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedics Fourth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina

Spinal cord injuries impose a notably economic burden on society,mainly because of the severe after-effects they *** the ongoing development of various therapies for spinal cord injuries,their effectiveness remains ***,a deeper understanding of metabolism has opened up a new therapeutic opportunity in the form of metabolic *** this review,we explore the metabolic changes that occur during spinal cord injuries,their consequences,and the therapeutic tools available for metabolic *** spinal cord metabolism is characterized by independent cellular metabolism and intercellular metabolic ***,spinal cord injury results in metabolic disorders that include disturbances in glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial *** metabolic disturbances lead to corresponding pathological changes,including the failure of axonal regeneration,the accumulation of scarring,and the activation of *** rescue spinal cord injury at the metabolic level,potential metabolic reprogramming approaches have emerged,including replenishing metabolic substrates,reconstituting metabolic couplings,and targeting mitochondrial therapies to alter cell *** available evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming holds great promise as a next-generation approach for the treatment of spinal cord *** further advance the metabolic treatment of the spinal cord injury,future efforts should focus on a deeper understanding of neurometabolism,the development of more advanced metabolomics technologies,and the design of highly effective metabolic interventions.

关键词： axons glycolysis metabolic reprogramming metabolism mitochondria neural regeneration neuroprotection oxidative phosphorylation spinal cord injury therapy

3D Printing of Tough Hydrogel Scaffolds with Functional Surface Structures for Tissue Regeneration

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 18-45页

作者： Ke Yao Gaoying Hong Ximin Yuan Weicheng Kong Pengcheng Xia Yuanrong Li Yuewei Chen Nian Liu Jing He Jue shi Zihe Hu Yanyan Zhou Zhijian Xie Yong He State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province College of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Stomatology Hospital School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China Institute of Digital Medicine Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210006People’s Republic of China

Hydrogel scaffolds have numerous potential applications in the tissue engineering ***,tough hydrogel scaffolds implanted in vivo are seldom reported because it is difficult to balance biocompatibility and high mechanical *** by Chinese ramen,we propose a universal fabricating method(printing-P,training-T,cross-linking-C,PTC&PCT)for tough hydrogel scaffolds to fill this ***,3D printing fabricates a hydrogel scaffold with desired structures(P).Then,the scaffold could have extraordinarily high mechanical properties and functional surface structure by cycle mechanical training with salting-out assistance(T).Finally,the training results are fixed by photo-cross-linking processing(C).The tough gelatin hydrogel scaffolds exhibit excellent tensile strength of 6.66 MPa(622-fold untreated)and have excellent ***,this scaffold possesses functional surface structures from nanometer to micron to millimeter,which can efficiently induce directional cell ***,this strategy can produce bionic human tissue with mechanical properties of 10 kPa-10 MPa by changing the type of salt,and many hydrogels,such as gelatin and silk,could be improved with PTC or PCT *** experiments show that this scaffold can effectively promote the new generation of muscle fibers,blood vessels,and nerves within 4 weeks,prompting the rapid regeneration of large-volume muscle loss injuries.

关键词： 3D printing Tough hydrogel scaffold Functional surface structure Tissue regeneration Biomaterials

A novel flexible nerve guidance conduit promotes nerve regeneration while providing excellent mechanical properties

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2084-2094页

作者： Tong Li Quhan Cheng Jingai Zhang Boxin Liu Yu shi Haoxue Wang Lijie Huang Su Zhang Ruixin Zhang Song Wang Guangxu Lu Peifu Tang Zhongyang Liu Kai Wang Department of Orthopedics the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Department of Training and Sports Medicine Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police ForceTianjinChina Medical School of Chinese PLA BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina Department of Orthopedics Tianjin HospitalTianjinChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Er Quan Hospital of PAPWuxiJiangsu ProvinceChina

Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor *** an alternative,nerve guidance conduits may be *** ideal conduit should be flexible,resistant to kinks and lumen collapse,and provide physical cues to guide nerve *** designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align ***,we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber *** presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the *** helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide *** novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model,suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.

关键词： aligned fibers anti-kinking helical fibers nerve guidance conduit nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury topological guidance

延安精神融入乡村振兴人才培养:价值传递与路径探析

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西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版） 2025年第1期25卷 28-35页

作者：赵延安施苏生西北农林科技大学马克思主义学院陕西杨凌712100 西安培华学院马克思主义学院西安710125

延安精神跨越时空、历久弥新,是助促乡村人才队伍建设和推动乡村人才振兴的宝贵精神资源。鉴于延安精神在与时俱进中不变的普遍性指导价值以及党对延安精神的重视,将延安精神融入乡村振兴人才培养具备实施的现实基础和政治保障。提炼延... 详细信息

延安精神跨越时空、历久弥新,是助促乡村人才队伍建设和推动乡村人才振兴的宝贵精神资源。鉴于延安精神在与时俱进中不变的普遍性指导价值以及党对延安精神的重视,将延安精神融入乡村振兴人才培养具备实施的现实基础和政治保障。提炼延安精神的内在精神因子,将之融入到乡村振兴人才培养之中,实现了延安精神对乡村振兴人才培养的价值传递,有助于解决乡村人才“用不上、下不去、留不住”的现实问题。在融入的具体路径上,主要针对乡村振兴从业者和高校学生,在党的领导下做好融入的顶层设计,充分凝聚地方政府、培养单位、用人单位和宣传媒体的职能合力,有效发挥高校思政课教学的育人主渠道作用,并经由广泛的农村体验将延安精神内化于心、外化于行,使其在体悟精神伟力的过程中不断增强服务乡村全面振兴的本领和能力。

关键词：乡村振兴人才培养延安精神融入路径

膝关节单髁置换与胫骨高位截骨治疗内翻性膝骨关节炎的比较

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中国组织工程研究 2025年第3期29卷 503-509页

作者：石雷施松陆跃陶然马洪冬南通大学附属医院关节外科江苏省南通市226001

背景:早期膝关节炎可行单髁置换和胫骨高位截骨等方法保膝治疗,但两种保膝手术在术后不同时期膝关节恢复方面是否存在差异仍需进一步探讨。目的:比较单髁置换和胫骨高位截骨治疗膝关节内翻性骨关节炎的疗效及相关并发症等方面的差异,为... 详细信息

背景:早期膝关节炎可行单髁置换和胫骨高位截骨等方法保膝治疗,但两种保膝手术在术后不同时期膝关节恢复方面是否存在差异仍需进一步探讨。目的:比较单髁置换和胫骨高位截骨治疗膝关节内翻性骨关节炎的疗效及相关并发症等方面的差异,为临床决策提供参考。方法:选择2018年9月至2022年9月南通大学附属医院行手术治疗的膝关节内翻性骨关节炎患者103例,其中86例获得1年以上随访,根据手术方法分为单髁置换组(n=49)和胫骨高位截骨组(n=37)。分别对两组患者术前及术后4周、3个月、6个月、1年的膝关节功能、疼痛以及力线纠正情况进行评估,采用美国特种外科医院膝关节评分、美国西安大略大学和麦克马斯特大学功能评分、膝关节外侧间隙变化、关节活动度、本体感觉(位置觉)、术后活动恢复速度等指标综合评判。结果与结论:(1)两组患者术前美国特种外科医院膝关节评分、美国西安大略大学和麦克马斯特大学功能评分、膝关节外侧间室大小均无显著差异;(2)术后4周单髁置换组的美国特种外科医院评分高于胫骨高位截骨组(P<0.05);在术后3,6个月,对比两组患者的改善情况,单髁置换组的美国特种外科医院评分低于胫骨高位截骨组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);术后6个月关节活动度屈曲值以及位置觉方面胫骨高位截骨组患者要优于单髁置换组(P<0.05);(3)在膝关节活动恢复速度方面单髁置换组要优于胫骨高位截骨组(P<0.05);(4)然而在术后1年的随访中,两组在美国特种外科医院膝关节评分、伸展方向活动度以及膝关节外侧间隙宽度变化上未见明显差异;(5)所有患者的随访数据均超过1年,且在随访期间均未发现不良并发症;(6)提示采用胫骨高位截骨治疗的内翻性膝骨关节炎患者膝关节功能恢复短期效果优于单髁置换患者,但两种方案治疗内翻性膝骨关节炎的中长期疗效无明显差异。

关键词：膝骨关节炎单髁表面置换胫骨高位截骨膝关节功能并发症

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欧盟碳关税对中国的经贸冲击及应对策略

生态经济 2025年第1期41卷 89-98页

作者：董玮石晶晶安徽大学经济学院安徽合肥230601

开征碳税对我国应对欧盟碳关税、促进产业绿色转型具有重要意义。论文基于投入产出法计算隐含碳排放强度,采用GTAP模型研究欧盟碳关税对我国的经贸冲击和我国开征碳税应对欧盟碳关税的实施效果。结果表明:我国不开征国内碳税时,随着欧... 详细信息

开征碳税对我国应对欧盟碳关税、促进产业绿色转型具有重要意义。论文基于投入产出法计算隐含碳排放强度,采用GTAP模型研究欧盟碳关税对我国的经贸冲击和我国开征碳税应对欧盟碳关税的实施效果。结果表明:我国不开征国内碳税时,随着欧盟碳关税税率的提高和征税范围的扩大,对我国经济贸易的冲击更大,有利于我国行业低碳转型;我国开征碳税后,从经济角度看,短期内碳税税率为10美元/吨和征税范围为CBAM覆盖范围内的行业时,对我国经济贸易的负面冲击较小。从低碳转型角度看,碳税税率为30美元/吨和仅对CBAM覆盖范围内的行业征税时,更加有利于我国高碳行业低碳转型。从整体角度看,我国对CBAM覆盖范围内的行业征收10美元/吨的碳税,更加有利于应对欧盟碳关税的威胁。

关键词：碳关税碳税经济贸易

DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS COMBINING MULTI-TASK LEARNING FOR SOLVING DELAY INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

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数学杂志 2025年第1期45卷 13-38页

作者： WANG Chen-yao shi Feng School of Science Harbin Institaute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Deep neural networks(DNNs)are effective in solving both forward and inverse problems for nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs).However,conventional DNNs are not effective in handling problems such as delay differential equations(DDEs)and delay integrodifferential equations(DIDEs)with constant delays,primarily due to their low regularity at delayinduced breaking *** this paper,a DNN method that combines multi-task learning(MTL)which is proposed to solve both the forward and inverse problems of *** core idea of this approach is to divide the original equation into multiple tasks based on the delay,using auxiliary outputs to represent the integral terms,followed by the use of MTL to seamlessly incorporate the properties at the breaking points into the loss ***,given the increased training dificulty associated with multiple tasks and outputs,we employ a sequential training scheme to reduce training complexity and provide reference solutions for subsequent *** approach significantly enhances the approximation accuracy of solving DIDEs with DNNs,as demonstrated by comparisons with traditional DNN *** validate the effectiveness of this method through several numerical experiments,test various parameter sharing structures in MTL and compare the testing results of these ***,this method is implemented to solve the inverse problem of nonlinear DIDE and the results show that the unknown parameters of DIDE can be discovered with sparse or noisy data.

关键词： Delay integro-differential equation Multi-task learning parameter sharing structure deep neural network sequential training scheme

Identification of a dual functional betulinic acid analog for the treatment of osteoarthritis by phenotypic screening

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 300-302页

作者： Ze-Min Lin Mai Xiang Wen-Hui Wei Shu-Hui Fan Li Chen Jie Wang Xiao-Qian Yang Chun-Hao Yang shi-Jun He Jian-Ping Zuo Laboratory of Immunopharmacology State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Department of Medicinal ChemistryShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Experiment Center for Science and Technology Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Dear Editor, Phenotypic drug discovery, which observes compound effects on physiology,has given way to targeting specific molecules, but has revived by using modern methods to find drugs based on therapeutic outcomes in disease models(Vincent et al., 2022). Osteoarthritis(OA) is a prevalent chronic joint disorder, primarily affecting knee joints, with osteoclast activation due to low-grade inflammation resulting in increased bone resorption and structural changes in the joint(Katz et al.,2021).

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