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Added-value of GEO-hyperspectral Infrared Radiances for Local Severe Storm Forecasts Using the Hybrid OSSE Method

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第8期38卷 1315-1333页

作者： Pei WANG zhenglong li Jun li Timothy JSCHMIT Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Advanced Satellite Product Branch Center for Satellite Applications and ResearchNESDIS/NOAAMadisonWI53706USA

High spectral resolution(or hyperspectral)infrared(IR)sounders onboard low earth orbiting satellites provide high vertical resolution atmospheric information for numerical weather prediction(NWP)*** contrast,imagers on geostationary(GEO)satellites provide high temporal and spatial resolution which are important for monitoring the moisture associated with severe weather systems,such as rapidly developing local severe storms(LSS).A hyperspectral IR sounder onboard a geostationary satellite would provide four-dimensional atmospheric temperature,moisture,and wind profiles that have both high vertical resolution and high temporal/spatial *** this work,the added-value from a GEO-hyperspectral IR sounder is studied and discussed using a hybrid Observing System Simulation Experiment(OSSE)method.A hybrid OSSE is distinctively different from the traditional OSSE in that,(a)only future sensors are simulated from the nature run and(b)the forecasts can be evaluated using real *** avoids simulating the complicated observation characteristics of the current systems(but not the new proposed system)and allows the impact to be assessed against real *** Cross-track Infrared Sounder(CrIS)full spectral resolution(FSR)is assumed to be onboard a GEO for the impact studies,and the GEO CrIS radiances are simulated from the ECMWF Reanalysis v5(ERA5)with the hyperspectral IR all-sky radiative transfer model(HIRTM).The simulated GEO CrIS radiances are validated and the hybrid OSSE system is verified before the impact *** LSS cases from 2018 and 2019 are selected to evaluate the value-added impacts from the GEO CrIS-FSR *** impact studies show improved atmospheric temperature,moisture,and precipitation forecasts,along with some improvements in the wind *** added-value,consisting of an overall 5%Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)reduction,was found when a GEO CrIS-FSR is used in replacement of LEO ones indicat-ing the potential for a

关键词： GEO hyperspectral IR hybrid OSSE satellite data assimilation

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Ensemble Retrieval of Atmospheric Temperature Profiles from AIRS

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第3期31卷 559-569页

作者： ZHANG Jie zhenglong li Jun li Jinglong li Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Information Science & Technology Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison

ABSTRACT Satellite-based observations provide great opportunities for improving weather forecasting. Physical retrieval of atmo spheric profiles from satellite observations is sensitive to the uncertainty of the first guess and other factors. In order to improve the accuracy of the physical retrieval, an ensemble methodology was developed with an emphasis on perturbing the first guess. In the methodology, a normal probability density function （PDF） is used to select the optimal profile from the ensemble retrievals. The ensemble retrieval algorithm contains four steps：（1） regression retrieval for original first guess; （2） perturbation of the original first guess to generate new first guesses （ensemble first guesses）; （3） using the ensemble first guesses and nonlinear iterative physical retrieval to generate ensemble physical results; and （4） the final optimal profile is selected from the ensemble physical results by using PDE Temperature eigenvectors （EVs） were used to generate the pertur- bation and generate the ensemble first guess. Compared with the regular temperature profile retrievals from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder （AIRS）, the ensemble retrievals RMSE of temperature profiles selected by the PDF was reduced between 150 and 320 hPa and below 400 hPa, with a maximum improvement of 0.3 K at 400 hPa. The bias was also reduced in many layers, with a maximum improvement of 0.69 K at 460 hPa. The combined optimal （CombOpt） profile and a mean optimal （MeanOpt） profile of all ensemble physical results were improved below 150 hPa. The MeanOpt profile was better than the CombOpt profile, and was regarded as the final optimal （FinOpt） profile. This study lays the foundation for improving temperature retrievals from hyper-spectral infrared radiance measurements.

关键词： ensemble retrieval perturbation eigenvectors PDF AIRS

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Consistency of Tropospheric Water Vapor between Reanalyses and Himawari-8/AHI Measurements over East Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 19-38页

作者： Di DI Jun li Yunheng XUE Min MIN Bo li zhenglong li Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation China Meteorological AdministrationSchool of Atmospheric PhysicsNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China FYSIC National Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Chengdu University of Information Science and Technology Chengdu 610225China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai 519082China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison WI 53706WisconsinUSA Wuxi University Wuxi 214105China

High spatiotemporal resolution radiances from the advanced imagers onboard the new generation of geostationary weather satellites provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the abilities of various reanalysis datasets to depict multilayer tropospheric water vapor(WV),thereby enhancing our understanding of the deficiencies of WV in reanalysis *** on daily measurements from the Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI)onboard the Himawari-8 satellite in 2016,the bias features of multilayer WV from six reanalysis datasets over East Asia are thoroughly *** assessments show that wet biases exist in the upper troposphere in all six reanalysis datasets;in particular,these biases are much larger in ***,we find better depictions of WV in the middle troposphere than in the upper *** accuracy of WV in the ERA5 dataset is the highest,in terms of the bias magnitude,dispersion,and pattern *** characteristics of the WV bias over the Tibetan Plateau are significantly different from those over other parts of East *** addition,the reanalysis datasets all capture the shift of the subtropical high very well,with ERA5 performing better overall.

关键词： AHI reanalysis dataset multilayer water vapor assessment radiative transfer model

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CHARACTERISTICS OF DROPLET TRANSFER IN CO_2 LASER-MIG HYBRID WELDING WITH SHORTCIRCUITING MODE

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2006年第2期19卷 172-175页

作者： LEI zhenglong CHEN Yanbin li liqun WU lin State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Production Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001 China

LF6 aluminum alloy plates with 4.5 mm thickness are welded in this experiment. Welding is carried out by using the CO2 laser-MIG paraxial hybrid welding in fiat position. The experimental results indicate that the inherent droplet transfer cycle time of conventional MIG arc is changed due to the interaction between CO2 laser beam and MIG arc in the short-circuiting mode of laser-MIG hybrid welding. Because of the preheating action of CO2 laser to electrode and base material, the droplet transfer frequency of MIG arc is increased in the hybrid welding process. When laser power is increased to a certain degree, the droplet transfer frequency is decreased due to the effect of laser-induced keyhole. Furthermore, through analyzing the MIG welding current and arc voltage waveforms and the characteristics of droplet transfer in the hybrid welding process, the effect of laser energy and the action point between laser beam and arc on the frequency of droplet transfer and weld appearance is investigated in details.

关键词： Laser-MIG hybrid welding Aluminum alloy Droplet transfer Weld appearance Welding current and voltage

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Effects of charging rates on liNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC622)/graphite li-ion cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第5期30卷 121-126页

作者： Xianyang Wu Yaocai Bai zhenglong li Jue liu Kejie Zhao Zhijia Du Energy and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA

Enabling fast charging capability of lithium-ion battery is of great importance to widespread adoption of electric *** the charging rates from state-of-the-art 2 C(30 min)to 6 C(10 min)requires deep understanding on the cell aging *** this study,400 mAh pouch cells are cycled at 1 C,4 C and 6 C charging rates with 1 C discharging *** fading,cathode structural changes,li inventory loss,electrolyte composition changes and li plating on graphite electrodes are thoroughly studied by various characterization *** rapid capacity fading in cells at 6 C charging rate is mainly due to li inventory loss from cathode structure and metallic li plating on graphite electrode at higher charging ***-mortem analysis also revealed changes in electrolyte such as increased salt molarity and transesterification during fast charging.

关键词： li-ion cells Fast charging Post-test analysis Neutron powder diffraction

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Value-added Impact of Geostationary Hyperspectral Infrared Sounders on Local Severe Storm Forecasts——via a Quick Regional OSSE

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第10期35卷 1217-1230页

作者： zhenglong li Jun li Pei WANG Agnes liM Jinlong li Timothy J.SCHMIT Robert ATLAS Sid-Ahmed BOUKABARA Ross N.HOFFMAN Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory OAR/NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA

Accurate atmospheric temperature and moisture information with high temporal/spatial resolutions are two of the key parameters needed in regional numerical weather prediction(NWP) models to reliably predict high-impact weather events such as local severe storms(LSSs). High spectral resolution or hyperspectral infrared(HIR) sounders from geostationary orbit(GEO) provide an unprecedented source of near time-continuous, three-dimensional information on the dynamic and thermodynamic atmospheric fields—an important benefit for nowcasting and NWP-based forecasting. In order to demonstrate the value of GEO HIR sounder radiances on LSS forecasts, a quick regional OSSE(Observing System Simulation Experiment)framework has been developed, including high-resolution nature run generation, synthetic observation simulation and validation, and impact study on LSS forecasts. Results show that, on top of the existing LEO(low earth orbit) sounders, a GEO HIR sounder may provide value-added impact [a reduction of 3.56% in normalized root-mean-square difference(RMSD)] on LSS forecasts due to large spatial coverage and high temporal resolution, even though the data are assimilated every 6 h with a thinning of 60 km. Additionally, more frequent assimilations and smaller thinning distances allow more observations to be assimilated, and may further increase the positive impact from a GEO HIR sounder. On the other hand, with denser and more frequent observations assimilated, it becomes more difficult to handle the spatial error correlation in observations and gravity waves due to the limitations of current assimilation and forecast systems(such as a static background error covariance). The peak reduction of 4.6% in normalized RMSD is found when observations are assimilated every 3 h with a thinning distance of 30 km.

关键词： OSSE hyperspectral sounder high-impact weather

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Quantitative Applications of Weather Satellite Data for Nowcasting:Progress and Challenges

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： Jun li Jing ZHENG Bo li Min MIN Yanan liU Chian-Yi liU zhenglong li WPaul MENZEL Timothy J.SCHMIT John L.CINTINEO Scott liNDSTROM Scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA Di DI Han liN Innovation Centre for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA Wuxi University Wuxi214105China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging from minutes to a few hours,are very important for decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from weather satellites,nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,while quantitative applications of those data for nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,water vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identification of storm types(wind,snow,hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the *** observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational awareness and storm *** paper provides an overview of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges,and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： weather satellite quantitative applications nowcasting pre-convection

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Enhanced reversible hydrogen storage properties of wrinkled graphene microflowers confined liBH_(4) system with high volumetric hydrogen storage capacity

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Materials Reports(Energy) 2024年第1期4卷 79-88页

作者： zhenglong li Kaicheng Xian Hao Chen Mingxia Gao Shanqing Qu Meihong Wu Yaxiong Yang Wenping Sun Chao Gao Yongfeng liu Xin Zhang Hongge Pan Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy Xi'an Technological UniversityXi'an710021PR China State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027PR China Department of Polymer Science and Engineering MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027PR China

liBH_(4)with high hydrogen storage density,is regarded as one of the most promising hydrogen storage ***,it suffers from high dehydrogenation temperature and poor reversibility for practical *** is effective in achieving low dehydrogenation temperature and favorable ***,graphene can serve as supporting materials for liBH_(4)catalysts and also destabilize liBH_(4)via interfacial ***,graphene has never been used alone as a frame material for nanoconfining liBH_(4).In this study,graphene microflowers with large pore volumes were prepared and used as nanoconfinement framework material for liBH_(4),and the nanoconfinement effect of graphene was *** loading 70 wt%of liBH_(4) and mechanically compressed at 350 MPa,8.0 wt% of H2 can be released within 100 min at 320C,corresponding to the highest volumetric hydrogen storage density of 94.9 g H2 L^(-1)ever *** to the nanoconfinement of graphene,the rate-limiting step of dehydrogenation of nanoconfined liBH_(4) was changed and its apparent activation energy of the dehydrogenation(107.3 kJ mol^(-1))was 42%lower than that of pure liBH_(4).Moreover,the formation of the intermediate li_(2)B_(12)H_(12) was effectively inhibited,and the stable nanoconfined structure enhanced the reversibility of liBH_(4).This work widens the understanding of graphene's nanoconfinement effect and provides new insights for developing high-density hydrogen storage materials.

关键词： Hydrogen storage liBH_(4) Nanoconfinement Graphene High capacity

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低强度超声波改善微生物燃料电池产电效能

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北京航空航天大学学报 2006年第12期32卷 1472-1476页

作者：姚璐李正龙刘红北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院北京100083 北京航空航天大学生物工程系北京100083

微生物燃料电池(MFCs,M icrobial Fuel Cells)可在处理有机废水的同时获得电能,但生物体系缓慢的电子传递速率是其发展的瓶颈.为了寻求提高MFCs工作效率的途径,建立了2个有效容积为1.5 L,电极面积160 cm2的单室MFCs,设置为超声波强化反... 详细信息

微生物燃料电池(MFCs,M icrobial Fuel Cells)可在处理有机废水的同时获得电能,但生物体系缓慢的电子传递速率是其发展的瓶颈.为了寻求提高MFCs工作效率的途径,建立了2个有效容积为1.5 L,电极面积160 cm2的单室MFCs,设置为超声波强化反应器和对照反应器,进行对比试验.结果表明,采用强度为0.2W/cm2、频率33 kHz、超声间隔为83 h的超声波对反应器辐照10m in,在反应后期(运行2 880 h后)MFCs与对照反应器相比最大功率密度提高了6%,一个运行周期产生的总电量增加了46.5%;设置超声的反应器库仑效率(CE,Coulombic E fficiency)比对照反应器提高了25.7%.超声波强化反应器中水的pH值最小值比对照pH值最小值低0.2,超声波辐照的反应器氧化还原电位(ORP,Oxidation ReductionPotential)最小值低于对照反应器ORP最小值34.8 mV.2个反应器3 000 m in对化学需氧量(COD,Chem ical Oxygen Demand)的净化效率都达到72.9%,超声波对COD去除贡献不明显,并从低强度超声波对微生物作用的过程方面分析了上述现象.

关键词：微生物燃料电池超声波葡萄糖功率密度

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The alternative of CubeSat-based advanced infrared and microwave sounders for high impact weather forecasting

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2019年第2期12卷 80-90页

作者： li zhenglong li Jun SCHMIT Timothy J. WANG Pei liM Agnes li Jinlong NAGLE Fredrick W. BAI Wenguang OTKIN Jason A. ATLAS Robert HOFFMAN Ross N. BOUKABARA Sid-Ahmed ZHU Tong BLACKWELL William J. PAGANO Thomas S. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Satellite Applications and Research National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Ocean and Atmospheric Research/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami Center for Satellite Applications and Research National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration College Park Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State University lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

The advanced infrared(IR) and microwave(MW) sounding systems have been providing atmospheric sounding information critical for nowcasting and improving weather forecasts through data assimilation in numerical weather prediction. In recent years, advanced IR and MW sounder systems are being proposed to be onboard CubeSats that are much more cost efficient than traditional satellite systems. An impact study using a regional Observing System Simulation Experiment on a local severe storm(LSS) was carried out to evaluate the alternative of using advanced MW and IR sounders for high-impact weather forecasting in mitigating the potential data gap of the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder(ATMS) and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder(CrIS) on the Suomi-NPP(SNPP) or Joint Polar Satellite System(JPSS). It was found that either MicroMAS-2 or the CubeSat Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(CIRAS) on a single CubeSat was able to provide a positive impact on the LSS forecast, and more CubeSats with increased data coverage yielded larger positive ***-2 has the potential to mitigate the loss of ATMS, and CIRAS the loss of CrIS, on SNPP or JPSS, especially when multiple CubeSats are launched. There are several approximations and limitations to the present study, but these represent efficiencies appropriate to the principal goal of the study — gauging the relative values of these sensors.

关键词： OSSE Cubesat sounder high-impact weather

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