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Impact of dietary fat levels and fatty acid composition on milk fat synthesis in sows at peak lactation

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 1134-1149页

作者： Li Zhe Uffe Krogh Charlotte Lauridsen Mette Olaf Nielsen zhengfeng fang Peter Kappel Theil Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of EducationAnimal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural University211 Huimin RoadWenjiang DistrictChengdu 611130China Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Aarhus UniversityFoulumDk‑8830 TjeleDenmark

Background Dietary fat is important for energy provision and immune function of lactating sows and their ***,knowledge on the impact of fat on mammary transcription of lipogenic genes,de novo fat synthesis,and milk fatty acid(FA)output is sparse in *** study aimed to evaluate impacts of dietary fat levels and FA composition on these traits in *** second-parity sows(Danish Landrace×Yorkshire)were assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments from d 108 of gestation until weaning(d 28 of lactation):low-fat control diet(3%added animal fat);or 1 of 4 high-fat diets with 8%added fat:coconut oil(CO),fish oil(FO),sunflower oil(SO),or 4%octanoic acid plus 4%FO(OFO).Three approaches were taken to estimate de novo milk fat synthesis from glucose and body *** Daily intake of FA was lowest in low-fat sows within fat levels(P<0.01)and in OFO and FO sows within highfat diets(P<0.01).Daily milk outputs of fat,FA,energy,and FA-derived carbon reflected to a large extent the intake of *** average,estimates for de novo fat synthesis were 82 or 194 g/d from glucose according to method 1 or 2 and 255 g de novo+mobilized FA/d according to method *** low-fat diet increased mammary FAS expression(P<0.05)and de novo fat synthesis(method 1;P=0.13)within fat *** OFO diet increased de novo fat synthesis(method 1;P<0.05)and numerically upregulated mammary FAS expression compared to the other high-fat *** diets,a daily intake of 440 g digestible FA minimized milk fat originating from glucose and mobilized body *** Sows fed diets with low-fat or octanoic acid,through upregulating FAS expression,increased mammary de novo fat synthesis whereas the milk FA output remained low in sows fed the low-fat diet or high-fat OFO or FO diets,indicating that dietary FA intake,dietary fat level,and body fat mobilization in concert determine de novo fat synthesis,amount and profiles of FA in milk.

关键词： Carbon metabolism De novo fat synthesis Dietary fatty acid Fat balance Mammary gene expression Mammary lipogenesis Milk fat production Piglet growth

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Inclusion of purified dietary fiber during gestation improved the reproductive performance of sows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1009-1025页

作者： Yong Zhuo Bo Feng Yuedong Xuan Lianqiang Che zhengfeng fang Yan Lin Shengyu Xu Jian Li Bing Feng De Wu Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China and Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural University211 Huimin RoadWenjiangChengdu 611130People’s Republic of China

Background: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of guar gum and cellulose as the source of dietary fiber during gestation on the reproductive performance of ***: A total of 210 sows(parities 3–6) were randomly allocated into six diets(n = 35) throughout gestation to feed graded levels of dietary fiber(DF), including a corn-soybean meal-based control diet with no wheat bran inclusion(CON, 12.5% DF), a wheat bran-rich diet(DF1, 17.4% DF), and another 4 diets(DF2, 17.7% DF;DF3, 18.1%DF;DF4, 18.4% DF;DF5, 18.8% DF) in which wheat bran were equally substituted by 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% purified FIBER MIX(guar gum and cellulose, 1:4). All sows received similar DE and other nutrients throughout ***: DF treatment during gestation resulted in normal fecal score(1 to 5 with 1 = dry and 5 = watery) in sows compared with those received the CON diet(P < 0.05). The number of total born piglets had a tendency to be affected by dietary treatment(P = 0.07), and correlation analysis revealed a linear response of total born to dietary fiber levels during gestation(P < 0.01). Sows received the DF2, DF3, and DF5 diets during gestation had a greater ADFI during lactation compared with those in the CON group(P < 0.05) without affecting the daily body weight gain of suckling piglets. Gut microbiota compositions were dramatically changed by the gestation stage and some of those were changed by DF inclusion. Fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate of sows were markedly increased in late gestation, and butyrate contents in feces of gestating sows were significantly affected by DF levels(P < 0.01).Serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory TNF-α were decreased and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased on day30 of gestation by DF levels(P < 0.05).Conclusions: In summary, increasing dietary fiber levels by guar gum and cellulose during gestation improved the reproductive performance of sows, which might be related to changes in immunity and gut microbiota of sows.

关键词： Dietary fiber Gut microbiota Immunity Reproductive performance Sow

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Effects of maternal methyl donor intake during pregnancy on ileum methylation and function in an intrauterine growth restriction pig model

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1173-1189页

作者： Yan Lin Jiangnan Wu Yong Zhuo Bin Feng zhengfeng fang Shengyu Xu Jian Li Hua Zhao De Wu Lun Hua Lianqiang Che Key Laboratory of Animal Disease‑Resistance Nutrition Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina

Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)affects intestinal growth,morphology,and function,which leads to poor growth performance and high *** present study explored whether maternal dietary methyl donor(MET)supplementation alleviates IUGR and enhances offspring’s growth performance by improving intestinal growth,function,and DNA methylation of the ileum in a porcine IUGR *** Forty multiparous sows were allocated to the control or MET diet groups from mating until *** farrowing,8 pairs of IUGR and normal birth weight piglets from 8 litters were selected for sampling before suckling *** The results showed that maternal MET supplementation tended to decrease the IUGR incidence and increased the average weaning weight of ***,maternal MET supplementation significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of isoleucine,cysteine,urea,and total amino acids in sows and newborn *** also increased lactase and sucrase activity in the jejunum of newborn *** addition resulted in lower ileal methionine synthase activity and increased betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity in the ileum of newborn *** methylation analysis of the ileum showed that MET supplementation increased the methyla-tion level of DNA CpG sites in the ileum of newborn ***-regulated differentially methylated genes were enriched in folic acid binding,insulin receptor signaling pathway,and endothelial cell *** contrast,up-regulated methylated genes were enriched in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway and nitric oxide biosyn-thetic *** Maternal MET supplementation can reduce the incidence of IUGR and increase the weaning litter weight of piglets,which may be associated with better intestinal function and methylation status.

关键词： Ileum Intrauterine growth restriction Methyl donor Methylation Sows

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Identification of Epsin1 as a regulator for hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第1期10卷 72-75页

作者： Xiaohua Huang Long Jin zhengfeng fang Lianqiang Che Yan Lin Shengyu Xu Yong Zhuo Mingzhou Li De Wu Bin Feng Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan 611130China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan 611130China College of Animal Science Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan 611130China

Obesity related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which can progress to steatohepatitis and insulin resistance,has become a major chronic liver disease worldwide.1 As an adaptor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis... 详细信息

关键词： metabolism healing wound

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Reproductive stage associated changes in plasma fatty acid profile and proinflammatory cytokine expression in rat mammary glands

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第2期2卷 119-126页

作者： Sen Lin Jia Hou fang Xiang Xiaoling Zhang Lianqiang Che Yan Lin Shengyu Xu De Wu zhengfeng fang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

Mastitis is a common disease for mammals all around the world. Figuring out why mastitis mainly occurs around parturition may be helpful for dealing with the disease. Lipolytic activity and oxidative stress take place around parturition, which may leads to alteration in fatty acids profile and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Thus, the aim of the present study was to further our understanding about the high incidence of mastitis around parturition by comparison of plasma fatty acid profile and mammary inflammation indicators at different reproductive stages. A total of 47 female rats were included in the present study. After mating, all the pregnant and non-pregnant rats began to receive the same experimental diet. Blood samples were collected at day 1 and 14 of gestation as well as day 3 *** samples were collected at day 14 of gestation and day 3 postpartum from pregnant and nonpregnant rats. The results showed that rats at d 3 postpartum had greater(P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA), arachidonic acid(ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) as well as ARA: eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) ratio than those at d 14 of gestation. The mRNA abundances of interleukin-1 β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-8 and xanthine oxidoreductase(XOR) in mammary of the pregnant rats were greater(P < 0.05) than those in age-matched non-pregnant *** at d 3 postpartum had higher(P < 0.05) protein expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α as well as meloperoxidase(MPO) activity and polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMN) prevalence than those at d 1 of gestation. The rats at d 3 postpartum also had greater(P < 0.05) IL-1β and MPO activity than those at d 14 of gestation. The results indicated that elevated mammary expression of proinflammatory cytokines and XOR as well as altered fatty acid profile around parturition might facilitate the recruitment of neutrophils into mammary glands.

关键词： Mastitis Reproductive stage Proinflammatory cytokine Fatty acid Rat

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Mammary cell proliferation and catabolism of adipose tissues in nutrition-restricted lactating sows were associated with extracellular high glutamate levels

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 172-182页

作者： Heju Zhong Peng Wang Yumo Song Xiaoling Zhang Lianqiang Che Bin Feng Yan Lin Shengyu Xu Jian Li De Wu Qiaofeng Wu zhengfeng fang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural University Acupuncture and Moxibustion College Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background: Persistent lactation,as the result of mammary cellular anabolism and secreting function,is dependent on substantial mobilization or catabolism of body reserves under nutritional ***,little is known about the biochemical mechanisms for nutrition-restricted lactating animals to simultaneously maintain the anabolism of mammary cells while catabolism of body *** present study,lactating sows with restricted feed allowance(RFA)(n = 6),24% feed restriction compared with the control(CON) group(n = 6),were used as the nutrition-restricted *** and mammary venous cannulas methods were used to monitor postprandial dynamic changes of metabolites in adipose and mammary ***: At lactation d 28,the RFA group showed higher(P 0.05) between ***,piglet performance and milk yield did not differ(P > 0.05) between *** would appear that activation of Notch signaling and adequate supply of glutamate might assist ***: Mammary cell proliferation and catabolism of adipose tissues i

关键词： Glutamate Insulin sensitivity Lipolysis Mammary cell proliferation

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Beneficial effects of a decreased meal frequency on nutrient utilization,secretion of luteinizing hormones and ovarian follicular development in gilts

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1098-1111页

作者： Lun Hua Lianpeng Zhao Zhengyu Mao Wentao Li Jing Li Xuemei Jiang Lianqiang Che Shengyu Xu Yan Lin zhengfeng fang Bin Feng De Wu Yong Zhuo Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University211 Huimin RoadWenjiang DistrictChengdu 611130People’s Republic of China

Background:Replacement gilts are typically fed ad libitum,whereas emerging evidence from human and rodent studies has revealed that time-restricted access to food has health *** objective of this study was to investigate the effect of meal frequency on the metabolic status and ovarian follicular development in ***:A total of 36 gilts(Landrace×Yorkshire)with an age of 150±3 d and a body weight of 77.6±3.8 kg were randomly allocated into one of three groups(n=12 in each group),and based on the group allocation,the gilts were fed at a frequency of one meal(T1),two meals(T2),or six meals per day(T6)for 14 consecutive *** effects of the meal frequency on growth preference,nutrient utilization,short-chain fatty acid production by gut microbial,the post-meal dynamics in the metabolic status,reproductive hormone secretions,and ovarian follicular development in the gilts were ***:The gilts in the T1 group presented a higher average daily gain(+48 g/d,P<0.05)and a higher body weight(+4.9 kg,P<0.05)than those in the T6 *** meal frequency had no effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,ether extract,ash,and gross energy,with the exception that the T1 gilts exhibited a greater NDF digestibility than the T6 gilts(P<0.05).The nitrogen balance analysis revealed that the T1 gilts presented decreased urine excretion of nitrogen(−8.17 g/d,P<0.05)and higher nitrogen retention(+9.81 g/d,P<0.05),and thus exhibited higher nitrogen utilization than the T6 *** time-course dynamics of glucose,α-amino nitrogen,urea,lactate,and insulin levels in serum revealed that the T1 group exhibited higher utilization of nutrients after a meal than the T2 or T6 *** T1 gilts also had a higher acetate content and SCFAs in feces than the T6 gilts(P<0.05).The age,body weight and backfat thickness of the gilts at first estrous expression were not affected by the meal frequency,but the gilts in the T1 group had higher levels of seru

关键词： Gilts Luteinizing hormone Meal frequency Nutrient utilization Ovarian follicular development

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Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 362-373页

作者： Ke Wang Ya Wang Lei Guo Yong Zhuo Lun Hua Lianqiang Che Shengyu Xu Ruinan Zhang Jian Li Bin Feng zhengfeng fang Xuemei Jiang Yan Lin De Wu Institute of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‑Resistance Nutrition of ChinaMinistry of EducationSichuan Agricultural University211 Huimin RoadWenjiang DistrictChengdu 611130SichuanChina

Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant *** solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were *** Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N *** non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in *** gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation *** When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM *** SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation *** findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.

关键词： Amino acids Sows Soybean meal Standardized ileal digestibility

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Comparative effects of enzymatic soybean,fish meal and milk powder in diets on growth performance,immunological parameters,SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 567-577页

作者： Yingjie Li Yang Liu Jiangnan Wu Qiuhong Chen Qiang Zhou Fali Wu Ruinan Zhang zhengfeng fang Yan Lin Shengyu Xu Bin Feng Yong Zhuo De Wu Lianqiang Che Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Institute of Animal NutritionSichuan Agricultural UniversityNo.211Huimin RoadWenjiang DistrictChengdu 611130SichuanPeople’s Republic of China

Background:The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder(MK)and fish meal(FM)by enzymatic soybean(ESB)in diets on growth performance,immunological parameters,SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned ***:A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95±0.46 kg,were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 *** were offered isonitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows:CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources,ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK,ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM,and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and ***:No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments(P>0.05).However,piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index(P<0.01),and lower digestibility of dry matter(DM),gross energy(GE)or crude protein(CP),relative to piglets fed CON diet(P<0.01).Moreover,the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid(BA)(P<0.01).The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3−V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity,and the linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria,such as g_Peptococcus,g_Veillonella and g_***:The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets,but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index,which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic ***,piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters,indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.

关键词： Enzymatic soybean Growth performance Gut microbiome Immunology SCFAs Weaned piglets

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Dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves sow reproductive performance and reduces piglet birth intervals

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 278-287页

作者： Qianqian Zhang Jian Li Meng Cao Yan Li Yong Zhuo zhengfeng fang Lianqiang Che Shengyu Xu Bin Feng Yan Lin Xuemei Jiang Xilun Zhao De Wu Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition Ministry of EducationChengdu611130china Institute of Animal Nutrition Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China

We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis PB6(*** PB6)during late gestation and lactation on sow reproductive performance,antioxidant indices,and gut microbiota.A total of 32 healthy Landrace×Yorkshire sows on d 90 of gestation were randomly assigned to 2 groups,with 16 replicates per group,receiving basal diet(CON)or the basal diet+0.2%*** PB6,containing 4.0×10^8 CFU/kg of feed(BS).The litter sizes(total born)and numbers of piglets born alive were larger in the BS group(P<0.01),whereas the weights of piglets born alive and the piglet birth intervals were lower in the BS group(P<0.05).Although the litter weights and piglet bodyweights(after crossfostering)were lower after BS treatment(P<0.05),the litter sizes,litter weights,lactation survival rate,and litter weight gains at weaning were higher in BS group(P<0.05).The concentrations of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the sow sera at parturition were lower in the BS group(P<0.01).The serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)at parturition and the serum catalase(CAT)concentrations on d 21 of lactation were higher in the BS group(P<0.05).Dietary supplementation with *** PB6(P<0.05)reduced the serum endotoxin concentrations in the sows and the serum cortisol concentrations of the piglets at d 14 of ***α-diversity indices of microbial were higher in the CON group(P<0.05).At the phylum level,*** PB6 supplementation increased the relative abundances of Gemmatimonadete and Acidobacteria(both P<0.01)and reduced those of Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria(both P<0.05).At the genus level,*** PB6 supplementation increased the relative abundance of RuminococcaceaeUCG-013 cc(P<0.05)and reduced that of Streptococcus(P<0.05).This study demonstrated that adding 4.0×10^8 CFU/kg *** PB6 to sows’feed during late gestation and lactation could shorten piglet birth intervals,enhance the growth performance of suckling piglets,and improve the gut health of sows durin

关键词： Bacillus subtilis PB6 Reproductive performance Gut microbiota Sow

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