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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 658-687页

作者： Joseph Hunter zheng sun Yulong Xing Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA Department of Mathematics The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA

This paper provides a study on the stability and time-step constraints of solving the linearized Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation,using implicit-explicit(IMEX)Runge-Kutta(RK)time integration methods combined with either finite difference(FD)or local discontinuous Galerkin(DG)spatial *** analyze the stability of the fully discrete scheme,on a uniform mesh with periodic boundary conditions,using the Fourier *** the linearized KdV equation,the IMEX schemes are stable under the standard Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)conditionτ≤λ***,λis the CFL number,τis the time-step size,and h is the spatial mesh *** study several IMEX schemes and characterize their CFL number as a function ofθ=d/h^(2)with d being the dispersion coefficient,which leads to several interesting *** also investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the CFL number for sufficiently refined meshes and derive the necessary conditions for the asymptotic stability of the IMEX-RK *** numerical experiments are provided in the paper to illustrate the performance of IMEX methods under different time-step constraints.

关键词： Linearized Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation Implicit-explicit(IMEX)Runge-Kutta(RK)method Stability Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)condition Finite difference(FD)method Local discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method

Towards the universal defense for query-based audio adversarial attacks on speech recognition system

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Cybersecurity 2024年第1期7卷 53-70页

作者： Feng Guo zheng sun Yuxuan Chen Lei Ju School of Cyber Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdaoChina Quancheng Laboratory QCLJinanChina

Recently,studies show that deep learning-based automatic speech recognition(ASR)systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples(AEs),which add a small amount of noise to the original audio *** AE attacks pose new challenges to deep learning security and have raised significant concerns about deploying ASR systems and *** existing defense methods are either limited in application or only defend on results,but not on *** this work,we propose a novel method to infer the adversary intent and discover audio adversarial examples based on the AEs generation *** insight of this method is based on the observation:many existing audio AE attacks utilize query-based methods,which means the adversary must send continuous and similar queries to target ASR models during the audio AE generation *** by this observation,We propose a memory mechanism by adopting audio fingerprint technology to analyze the similarity of the current query with a certain length of memory ***,we can identify when a sequence of queries appears to be suspectable to generate audio *** extensive evaluation on four state-of-the-art audio AE attacks,we demonstrate that on average our defense identify the adversary’s intent with over 90%*** careful regard for robustness evaluations,we also analyze our proposed defense and its strength to withstand two adaptive ***,our scheme is available out-of-the-box and directly compatible with any ensemble of ASR defense models to uncover audio AE attacks effectively without model retraining.

关键词： Adversarial attacks Defense Memory mechanism Query-based

Numerical and experimental study on the falling film flow characteristics with the effect of co-current gas flow in hydrogen liquefaction process

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1369-1384页

作者： Chong-zheng sun Yu-Xing Li Hui Han Xiao-Yi Geng Xiao Lu College of Energy Storage Technology Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation Safety China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580ShandongChina

Liquid hydrogen storage and transportation is an effective method for large-scale transportation and utilization of hydrogen energy. Revealing the flow mechanism of cryogenic working fluid is the key to optimize heat exchanger structure and hydrogen liquefaction process(LH2). The methods of cryogenic visualization experiment, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are conducted to study the falling film flow characteristics with the effect of co-current gas flow in LH2spiral wound heat *** results show that the flow rate of mixed refrigerant has a great influence on liquid film spreading process, falling film flow pattern and heat transfer performance. The liquid film of LH2mixed refrigerant with column flow pattern can not uniformly and completely cover the tube wall surface. As liquid flow rate increases, the falling film flow pattern evolves into sheet-column flow and sheet flow, and liquid film completely covers the surface of tube wall. With the increase of shear effect of gas-phase mixed refrigerant in the same direction, the liquid film gradually becomes unstable, and the flow pattern eventually evolves into a mist flow.

关键词： Hydrogen liquefaction Spiral wound heat exchanger Flow pattern transition Falling film flow

Anchoring heterometallic cluster on P-doped carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation in water and air ambient

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 176-180页

作者： Chao-Long Chen Rong Chen La-Sheng Long Lan-sun zheng Xiang-Jian Kong Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Light-driven nitrogen fixation to produce ammonia is a green and economical technology of nitrogen reduction but is still quite challenging, especially in an air atmosphere without any sacrificial ***, we demonstrate efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation using water and air directly by loading lanthanide–transition metal(4f–3d) cluster NdCo_(3) on two-dimensional P-doped graphitic carbon nitrides(PCN) material surface. Benefiting from the increase in the number of nitrogen vacancies(NVs) and highly matched band gap structure and excellent hole trapping ability of clusters, the NdCo_(3)/PCN photocatalyst exhibits efficient nitrogen reduction activity with 371(in air) and 825 μmol h^(-1)g^(-1)(in pure nitrogen)without any sacrificial reagents. The introduction of potassium sulfate inhibits hydrogen production and promotes nitrogen reduction activation. This work suggests that anchoring precisely structured clusters on 2D materials may enhance photocatalytic nitrogen reduction under normal temperature and pressure.

关键词： Photocatalytic Nitrogen fixation 4f-3d Cluster Air atmosphere

makeTwin:A reference architecture for digital twin software platform

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第1期37卷 1-18页

作者： Fei TAO Xuemin sun Jiangfeng CHENG Yonghuai ZHU Weiran LIU Yong WANG Hui XU Tianliang HU Xiaojun LIU Tingyu LIU zheng sun Jun XU Jinsong BAO Feng XIANG Xiaohui JIN Digital Twin International Research Center International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary ScienceBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China RIAMB(Beijing)Technology Development Co Ltd(R.T.D.)Beijing 100120China School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China School of Mechanical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China School of Mechanical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China College of Mechanical Engineering Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China School of Machinery and Automation Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Beijing Aero-top Hi-tech Co LtdBeijing 100176China

Digital twin is currently undergoing a significant transformation from the conceptual and theoretical research phase to the implementation and application ***,a universally adaptable research and development platform for digital twin is critically needed to meet the development ***,a publicly accessible simulation,testing,and validation platform which can support digital twin model building,data processing,algorithm design,configuration,etc.,is urgently required for ***,for developers from the industry,a lowcode development platform that can offer a customizable suite of functions such as model creation,data management,protocol configuration,and visualization is urgently ***,for enterprise users,there is a lack of an application management platform that can be configured and migrated for various application scenarios,functions,and ***,based on the system research of digital twin theories and key technologies by the authors(such as the five-dimension digital twin model,digital twin modeling and digital twin data theory,digital twin standards,and so on),a digital twin software platform reference architecture,namely make Twin,is proposed and designed,as well as its ten core *** workflow of the make Twin and the interaction mechanisms among its core functions are ***,a digital twin application system for a chemical fiber textile shop floor(CFTS)which was developed according to make Twin,is introduced,which validates the proposed reference architecture.

关键词： Digital twin Digital twin software platform Industrial software makeTwin Reference architecture

Molecular solid solution of lanthanide-titanium-oxo clusters with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 529-535页

作者： Rong Chen Chao-Long Chen Hui Zhang Zi-Han Wang Fu-Li sun Ming-Hao Du Gui-Lin Zhuang Cheng Wang La-Sheng Long Lan-sun zheng Xiang-Jian Kong Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310032China

Molecular solid solutions of metal clusters containing different metal centers with well-defined structures can accurately regulate the HOMO-LUMO gap,but are rarely ***,a series of colorless lanthanide-titanium-oxo clusters Ln_(2)Ti_4(μ_(2)-O)_(2)(μ_(3)-O)_4(Piv)_(10)(THF)_(2)(Ln_(2)Ti_4,Ln = Eu,Gd,Tb,and Ce,HPiv = pivalic acid) were synthesized by the reaction of pivalic acid with Ln(Ac)_(3) and titanium *** light yellow crystal of cluster solid solutions Eu_(2)Ti_(4-x)Cd_(x),containing a mixture of Eu_(2)Ti_4 and Eu_(2)Ti_(3)Cd,was obtained by in situ doping Cd^(2+) and S^(2–).Eu_(2)Ti_(3.92)Cd_(0.08) displays efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity without a co-catalyst,which is up to 2.6 times that of Eu_(2)Ti_*** time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and spin-polarized density functional calculations showed that the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Eu_(2)Ti_(4-x)Cd_(x) can be attributed to the narrower HOMO-LUMO gap and lower LUMO position than that of Eu_(2)Ti_*** studyprovides an in situ doping method to realize the simple preparation of cluster solid solution.

关键词： molecular solid solution lanthanide-titanium-oxo clusters photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Observation of transition from superfluorescence to polariton condensation in CsPbBr3 quantum dots film

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 316-324页

作者： Danqun Mao Linqi Chen zheng sun Min Zhang Zhe-Yu Shi Yongsheng Hu Long Zhang Jian Wu Hongxing Dong Wei Xie Hongxing Xu State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences201800 ShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxi 030006China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics Chongqing Institute of East China Normal UniversityChongqing 401121China CAS Center for Excellence in Ultraintense Laser Science Shanghai 201800China School of Physics and Technology Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

The superfluorescence effect has received extensive attention due to the many-body physics of quantum correlation in dipole gas and the optical applications of ultrafast bright radiation field based on the cooperative quantum ***,we demonstrate not only to observe the superfluorescence effect but also to control the cooperative state of the excitons ensemble by externally applying a regulatory dimension of coupling light fields.A new quasi-particle called cooperative exciton-polariton is revealed in a light-matter hybrid structure of a perovskite quantum dot thin film spin-coated on a Distributed Bragg *** the nonlinear threshold,polaritonic condensation occurs at a nonzero momentum state on the lower polariton branch owning to the vital role of the synchronized *** phase transition from superfluorescence to polariton condensation exhibits typical signatures of a decrease of the linewidth,an increase of the macroscopic coherence as well as an accelerated radiation decay *** findings are promising for opening new potential applications for super-brightness and unconventional coherent light sources and could enable the exploitation of cooperative effects for quantum optics.

关键词： quantum condensation polar

Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene in-situ transformed Li_(2)TiO_(3) interface layer enabling 4.5 V-LiCoO_(2)/sulfide all-solid-state lithium batteries with superior rate capability and cyclability

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 195-200页

作者： Yaping Wang Pengcheng Yuan Zeyuan Xu Xiong-Xiong Liu Shengfa Feng Mufan Cao Chen Cao Xiaoqiang Wang Long Pan zheng-Ming sun Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials of Jiangsu Province School of Materials Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189China CALB Technology Co. Ltd.Changzhou 213200China

All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)based on sulfide electrolytes promise next-generation energy storage with high energy density and ***,the sulfide electrolytes suffer from phase instability and sluggish interfacial charge transport when pairing with layered oxide cathodes at high ***,a simple and efficient strategy is proposed using two-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene as starting material to in-situ construct a 15 nm Li_(2)TiO_(3) layer on a typical oxide cathode,LiCoO_(2).The in-situ transformation of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)into Li_(2)TiO_(3) layer occurs at a low temperature of 500℃,avoiding the phase deterioration of LiCoO_(2).The thin Li_(2)TiO_(3) layer is Li^(+)conducting and electrochemically stable,thereby preventing the interfacial decomposition of sulfide electrolytes induced by LiCoO_(2) at high voltages and facilitating Li+transport at the ***,Li_(2)TiO_(3) can stabilize the layer structure of LiCoO_(2) at high ***,the sulfide-based ASSLB using LiCoO_(2)@Li_(2)TiO_(3) cathode can operate stably at a high voltage of up to 4.5 V(***+/Li),delivering an outstanding initial specific discharge capacity of 138.8 m Ah/g with a high capacity retention of 86.2% after 100 cycles at 0.2 *** in-situ transformation strategy may also apply to other MXenes,offering a general approach for constructing other advanced lithiated coatings for oxide cathodes.

关键词： Solid sulfide electrolyte Oxide cathode MXene In-situ transformation Li_(2)TiO_(3) interfacial layer

AAR-Net:用于声学异质介质光声图像重建的深度神经网络

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智能系统学报 2024年第2期19卷 278-289页

作者：孙美晨孙正候英飒华北电力大学电子与通信工程系河北保定071003 华北电力大学河北省电力物联网技术重点实验室河北保定071003

在光声成像中,由于组织的吸收和扩散等引起的超声波衰减、由声速变化引起的相位偏差以及与声衰减相关的信号波形展宽都会降低图像的空间分辨率,针对该问题,提出一种基于深度学习的声学特性非均匀组织图像重建方法。通过将深度梯度下降(d... 详细信息

在光声成像中,由于组织的吸收和扩散等引起的超声波衰减、由声速变化引起的相位偏差以及与声衰减相关的信号波形展宽都会降低图像的空间分辨率,针对该问题,提出一种基于深度学习的声学特性非均匀组织图像重建方法。通过将深度梯度下降(deep gradient descent,DGD)网络与U-Net相结合构建声伪影去除网络(acoustic artifacts removal network,AAR-Net)。DGD模块利用梯度信息减少非均匀声学特性对重建图像质量的影响,实现信号域到图像域的转换。U-Net模块实现对DGD模块输出的低质量图像的优化,实现图像域到图像域的转换。仿真、仿体和在体试验结果表明,与传统的非学习图像重建方法和最新的基于图像后处理的深度学习方法相比,采用该方法重建的图像结构相似度和峰值信噪比分别可提高约20%和10%。AAR-Net无需任何有关成像对象声学特性的先验知识,即可重建高质量图像。

关键词：图像重建图像增强光声光谱成像声学特性反射深度学习深度神经网络梯度方法

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JIR-Net:用于光声层析图像重建的联合迭代重建网络

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中国图象图形学报 2024年第3期29卷 823-838页

作者：候英飒孙正孙美晨华北电力大学电子与通信工程系保定071003 华北电力大学河北省电力物联网技术重点实验室保定071003

目的高质量的图像重建是光声层析成像(photoacoustic tomography,PAT)技术的关键,有限角度稀疏测量和组织非均匀的声学特性都会影响重建图像质量。采用迭代重建技术可在一定程度上提高图像质量,但是其结果依赖于有关成像目标的先验假... 详细信息

目的高质量的图像重建是光声层析成像(photoacoustic tomography,PAT)技术的关键,有限角度稀疏测量和组织非均匀的声学特性都会影响重建图像质量。采用迭代重建技术可在一定程度上提高图像质量,但是其结果依赖于有关成像目标的先验假设模型。而且在迭代优化过程中需要反复计算前向成像算子及其伴随算子,因此计算成本较高,需要合理选择正则化方法及其参数。为了解决该问题,提出一种根据不完备光声测量信号联合重建光吸收能量分布图和声速分布图的深度学习方法。方法设计并搭建基于学习迭代策略的联合迭代重建网络(joint iterative reconstruction network,JIR-Net),网络由4个结构单元组成,每个单元包括特征提取、特征融合和重建3个模块。网络的输入是探测器在成像平面中采集的不完备光声信号和预设的常数声速,输出是重建的光吸收能量分布图和声速分布图。分别构建仿真、仿体和在体数据集,用于训练、验证和测试网络。在训练网络的过程中,将光吸收能量密度和声速的梯度下降信息整合到网络训练中,并利用反向传播梯度下降法求解非线性最小二乘问题。结果数值仿真、仿体和在体实验结果表明:与交替优化法、U-Net后处理法和深度梯度下降法相比,JIR-Net重建的光吸收能量分布图的结构相似度可分别提高约39.5%、26.4%和7.6%,峰值信噪比可分别提高约95.6%、71.4%和15.5%。与交替优化法相比,JIR-Net重建的声速分布图的结构相似度和峰值信噪比可分别提高约34.4%和22.6%。结论 JIR-Net解决了由于有限角度稀疏测量和组织声速分布不均匀所致的光声图像质量下降问题,实现了从光声信号到高质量光吸收能量分布图和声速分布图的映射。

关键词：图像重建技术光声层析成像(PAT) 深度学习光吸收能量密度声速(SoS) 联合重建梯度下降