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Dissipation and Adsorption Behavior of the Insecticide Ethiprole on Various Cultivated Soils in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第11期13卷 2471-2478页

作者： LIU Xin-gang DONG Feng-shou XU Jun YUAN Shan-kui zheng yong-quan Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals Ministry of Agriculture

In this study, the hydrolysis of the insecticide ethiprole in buffered solutions at pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0, respectively, and the degradation and adsorption-desorption behaviors of ethiprole in ifve agricultural soil samples from China were investigated. The half-lives under anaerobic conditions were faster than that in the aerobic experiment. Ethiprole was relatively stable under both acidic and neutral conditions while it was readily hydrolyzed under alkaling condition. The sorption of ethiprole on ifve soils was well described by the linear and Freundlich equation and mainly governed by soil organic matter. The exothermic process of ethiprole adsorption can also be well explained by physical adsorption. A weak adsorption capacity was observed in all soils, which could readily lead to leaching problems.

关键词： ethiprole adsorption desorption hydrolysis soil dissipatio

Management of pesticide residues in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2319-2327页

作者： CHEN Zeng-long DONG Feng-shou XU Jun LIU Xin-gang zheng yong-quan Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

This paper reviewed management of pesticide residues in China including laws and regulations, the supervision system, the standard system, and the quality and safety of agricultural products. The process of establishment and internationalization of standards for pesticide residues were also discussed. Results indicate that the progress of the management of pesticide residues has been steadily made in China. However, the following aspects which refer to updates to regulations, supervising efficiency, standard system, risk assessment, international cooperation and communication, should be further improved. China should draw lessons from international experience, and then establish its own management system, which focuses on pesticides controls by strictly following relevant laws and technical standards to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.

关键词： pesticide residue standard system supervision system development trend

Impact of fluxapyroxad on the microbial community structure and functional diversity in the silty-loam soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第1期14卷 114-124页

作者： WU Xiao-hu XU Jun LIU yong-zhuo DONG Feng-shou LIU Xin-gang ZHANG Wen-wen zheng yong-quan State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The aim of this work was to assess the effect of applying three different doses of fluxapyroxad on microbial activity, community structure and functional diversity as measured by respiration, microbial biomass C, phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） and community-level physiological profiles （CLPPs）. Our results demonstrated that substrate-induced respiration （on day 15） and microbial biomass C （on days 7 and 15） were inhibited by fiuxapyroxad, but stimulation was observed thereafter. In contrast, fluxapyroxad addition increased the basal respiration and metabolic quotients （qCO2） and respiratory quotients （QR）. Analysis of the PLFA profiles revealed that the total and bacterial biomass （both Gram-positive bacteria （GP） and Gram-negative bacteria （GN）） were decreased within the initial 15 days, whereas those as well as the GN/GP ratio were increased at days 30 and 60. Fluxapyroxad input decreased the fungi biomass but increased the bacteria/fungi ratio at all incubation time. Moreover, high fluxapyroxad input （75 mg fluxapyroxad kg-1 soil dry weight） increased the microbial stress level. A principal component analysis （PCA） of the PLFAs revealed that fluxapyroxad treatment significantly shifted the microbial community structure, but all of the observed effects were transient. Biolog results showed that average well color development （AWCD） and functional diversity index （H′） were increased only on day 60. In addition, the dissipation of fluxa- pyroxad was slow in soil, and the degradation half-lives varied from 158 to 385 days depending on the concentration tested.

关键词： fluxapyroxad microbial activity community structure functional diversity

Progress of the discovery, application, and control technologies of chemical pesticides in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第4期18卷 840-853页

作者： PAN Xing-lu DONG Feng-shou WU Xiao-hu XU Jun LIU Xin-gang zheng yong-quan State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Pesticides, which have the dual characteristics of being both helpful and harmful, are important materials for ensuring food security and human health. Therefore, the rational development, scientific application, and effective control of pesticides are very important. In this paper, from the perspectives of pesticide discovery, formulation processing, application mode, residue monitoring, and pollution elimination and prediction, trends in the research progress and development of pesticides in China were systematically summarized to provide an important reference for the development of pesticides with high efficiency and low risk and for the reduction of pesticide application.

关键词： pesticide discovery formulation processing application residue monitoring pollution elimination and prediction

Penicillium and patulin distribution in pears contaminated with Penicillium expansum. Determination of patulin in pears by UHPLC-MS/MS

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第7期16卷 1645-1651页

作者： WEI Dong-mei XU Jun DONG Feng-shou LIU Xin-gang WU Xiao-hu zheng yong-quan Risk Assessment Laboratory for Biological Hazards of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University

The danger of mycotoxin contamination entering the food supply through post-harvest infection is of perennial concern to food safety experts. To explore the distribution of Penicillium expansum and diffusion of its mycotoxin, patulin, in blue mold-damaged pears, Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv. Yali obtained from markets and orchards in China were artificially inoculated with P. expansum and assayed for patulin accumulation and degree of fungal colonization. The inoculated pears were incubated until the lesions were 5, 10, 20, or 30 mm in diameter. We sampled tissue at a range of distances from the lesion, measured the spread of Penicillium by plate colony-counting methods, and used UHPLC-MS/MS to detect and quantify the patulin concentration. More P. expansum colony-forming units were isolated from pears with a higher degree of decay. Farther from the lesion, the fewer P. expansum colonies were observed, and the lower the patulin content detected. We found a significant difference in the patulin content between samples due to lesion size, and also in tissue sampled 10 mm away from the lesion. In consideration of this finding, to ensure food safety, we recommend that when a blue mold rot lesion on pear is 5, 10, or 20 mm in diameter, 20, 30, and 40 mm beyond the lesion should be removed, respectively. If a lesion surpasses 30 mm in diameter, the whole pear should be thrown away.

关键词： pear Penicillium expansum patulin food safety UHPLC-MS/MS

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“顺顺”苹果疏果剂对苹果坐果率的影响

北方果树 2024年第1期 15-17页

作者：郑永全马永胜冯红利赵会芳孙广平延安市果业研究发展中心陕西洛川727400

以“顺顺”苹果疏果剂为试材进行苹果田间药剂果疏试验。结果表明,“顺顺”200倍液处理显著降低苹果花朵坐果率、花序坐果率、花序双果率,显著提高花序单果率。‘红富士’‘红嘎拉’两个品种花朵坐果率分别降低13.36%、19.25%,花序坐果... 详细信息

以“顺顺”苹果疏果剂为试材进行苹果田间药剂果疏试验。结果表明,“顺顺”200倍液处理显著降低苹果花朵坐果率、花序坐果率、花序双果率,显著提高花序单果率。‘红富士’‘红嘎拉’两个品种花朵坐果率分别降低13.36%、19.25%,花序坐果率分别降低11.37%、15.48%,花序双果率分别降低13.14%、11.94%,单果率分别提高17.77%、25.27%。

关键词： “顺顺”苹果疏果剂苹果坐果率花序坐果率

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“秦脆”苹果建园技术要点

北方果树 2024年第6期 48-50页

作者：王欣杜敬斌李前进邹养军郑永全马永胜延安市果业研究发展中心陕西洛川727400 洛川县苹果产业研发中心陕西洛川727400 西北农林科技大学园艺学院陕西杨凌712100

作者从选址、砧木与栽植模式选择、苗木质量与保存、规划设计、栽植等方面介绍了‘秦脆'苹果建园技术要点,以期为种植发展‘秦脆’苹果的企业和果农提供技术参考。

关键词：秦脆苹果建园技术要点

不同果园免套袋‘红富士’苹果果实性状、商品率及农药残留的比较

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北方果树 2024年第3期 5-9页

作者：郑永全刘双安崔莉荣白伟任利萍陕西省延安市果业研究发展中心陕西洛川727400

2022年10月11—13日,作者对洛川县具有代表性的7个免套袋苹果园进行苹果免套袋技术调研,分析对比不同果园免套袋‘红富士’苹果果实性状、商品率、农药残留量的差别。结果表明,果型指数,槐柏洼里矮砧园最高,显著高于陕果矮砧园8.43%;果... 详细信息

2022年10月11—13日,作者对洛川县具有代表性的7个免套袋苹果园进行苹果免套袋技术调研,分析对比不同果园免套袋‘红富士’苹果果实性状、商品率、农药残留量的差别。结果表明,果型指数,槐柏洼里矮砧园最高,显著高于陕果矮砧园8.43%;果面色度,试验场乔砧园最差,为157.64,显著低于其他所有果园,特别是该场矮砧园果面色度最高,为380.00,比试验场乔砧园高1.41倍;果实硬度,3个矮砧园(陕果矮砧园、槐柏洼里矮砧园、试验场矮砧园)均高于其他所有果园,其中试验场矮砧园最高(7.59 kg/cm^(2)),比试验场乔砧园(6.72 kg/cm^(2))高12.96%;可溶性固形物含量,槐柏洼里矮砧园最高(15.55%),试验场乔砧园最低(13.11%),而试验场矮砧园可溶性固形物含量虽然较低(14.10%),但比试验场乔砧园高0.99%。说明矮砧‘红富士’苹果这3项指标均高于乔砧‘红富士’苹果。商品果率,轩乐短枝园最高(76.75%),其次为陕果矮砧园(72.66%),最低的是绿佳乔砧园(51.11%),似乎是短枝园商品果率高于矮砧园,矮砧园又高于乔砧园。但这个结论不好下,因为没有栽培管理一致性的依据。轩乐短枝园‘红富士’苹果检测12项农药残留量均未超标,实现农药无残留。建议在免套袋苹果生产中要选择着色好的优新品种;提高土壤有机质含量;选择高光效树形和合理整形修剪;无害化病虫害防控,并做好桃小食心虫的预测、预报及防治;促进果实着色,提高果面光洁度。

关键词： ‘红富士’苹果砧木免套袋果实性状商品率农药残留量

‘新2001’苹果在延安的生长表现和栽培技术

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北方果树 2024年第5期 46-47,50页

作者：孙广平雷博冯红利吉慧娜郑永全延安市果业研究发展中心陕西洛川727400

‘新2001’苹果是山东省烟台市红香玉果业专业合作社娄少然老师带队从‘2001富士’中选育的着色系芽变晚熟新品种,为了研究‘新2001’在陕西延安的性状表现及栽培技术,2013年从该专业合作社引进苗木450株,在洛川县进行试栽,表现果个大... 详细信息

‘新2001’苹果是山东省烟台市红香玉果业专业合作社娄少然老师带队从‘2001富士’中选育的着色系芽变晚熟新品种,为了研究‘新2001’在陕西延安的性状表现及栽培技术,2013年从该专业合作社引进苗木450株,在洛川县进行试栽,表现果个大且高桩、端正,着鲜红色粗条纹,皮薄,肉细,汁多,酸甜适口,清香味浓郁,抗寒,抗旱,产量高,耐贮存。深受生产者和消费者的喜爱。

关键词：苹果 ‘新2001’ 生长表现栽培技术