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Identify.ng malicious traffic under concept drift based on intraclass consistency.enhanced variational autoencoder

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 238-252页

作者： Xiang LUO Chang liu Gaopeng GOU Gang XIONG zhen LI Binxing FANG Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Cy.er Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)

Accurate identification of malicious traffic is crucial for implementing effective defense countermeasures and has led to extensive research efforts. However, the continuously.evolving techniques employ.d by.adversaries have introduced the issues of concept drift, which significantly.affects the performance of existing methods. To tackle this challenge, some researchers have focused on improving the separability.of malicious traffic representation and designing drift detectors to reduce the number of false ***, these methods often overlook the importance of enhancing the generalization and intraclass consistency.in the representation. Additionally. the detectors are not sufficiently.sensitive to the variations among different malicious traffic classes, which results in poor performance and limited robustness. In this paper, we propose intraclass consistency.enhanced variational autoencoder with Class-Perception detector(ICE-CP) to identify.malicious traffic under concept drift. It comprises two key.modules during training:intraclass consistency.enhanced(ICE) representation learning and Class-Perception(CP) detector construction. In the first module, we employ.a variational autoencoder(VAE) in conjunction with Kullback-Leibler(KL)-divergence and cross-entropy.loss to model the distribution of each input malicious traffic flow. This approach simultaneously.enhances the generalization, interclass consistency. and intraclass differences in the learned representation. Consequently. we obtain a compact representation and a trained classifier for nondrifting malicious traffic. In the second module, we design the CP detector, which generates a centroid and threshold for each malicious traffic class separately.based on the learned representation, depicting the boundaries between drifting and non-drifting malicious traffic. During testing, we utilize the trained classifier to predict malicious traffic classes for the testing samples. Then, we use the CP det

关键词： concept drift malicious traffic identification variational autoencoder intrusion detection cy.erspace security

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The mechanisms of enhanced thickness-dependent DC breakdown strength of EP/MWCNTs nanocomposites

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 440-452页

作者： zhen Li He Gao Longfei Zhang Shouming Wang Ji liu Shengtao Li Key.Laboratory.of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application Ministry of EducationHarbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbinChina State Key.Laboratory.of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina

Owing to advanced power electronic and electrical applications developing towards miniaturisation and integration,the thickness-dependent DC breakdown mechanism of epoxy.multiwall-carbon-nanotube nanocomposites is under *** results indicate that the breakdown strength of nanocomposites containing 0.05 wt%multiwall-carbon-nanotubes rises by.18%,and the breakdown strength falls exponentially.with increasing *** clarify.the microscopic mechanism,a simulation model of DC breakdown,including carriers transport and segmental dy.amics,is developed,and the accordant simulation results with experimental results indicate that the thickness-dependent DC breakdown of epoxy.multiwall-carbon-nanotube nanocomposites is determined both by.segment chain dy.amics and charge *** to the breakdown model analy.is,the effects of multiwall-carbon-nanotube on enhanced breakdown strength are caused by.the increased amount of deep traps in the interfacial region,while the influence of thickness is attributed to the enlarged segment chain displacement and electric field distortion as the voltage raising time increases.

关键词： strength breakdown nanocomposites

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Comprehensive characterization and detection of nut allergens in bakery.foods using Q-TOF mass spectrometry.and bioinformatics

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Food Quality.and Safety 2024年第1期8卷 145-157页

作者： Daokun Xu Haolun Huang zhen liu y.meiWang Qinan liu Xing Jiang Juny.ng Rui Ling Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control NanjingChina State Key.Laboratory.of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina Demonstration Collaborative Laboratory.of Analy.is and Detection Technology.for Food and Drug Safety Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control and Agilent Technologies(China)NanjingChina Collaborative Laboratory.for Food Safety Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control and SCIEX(China)NanjingChina

Food allergy.is a growing health issue worldwide and the demand for sensitive,robust and high-throughput analy.ical methods is *** recent y.ars,mass spectrometry.based methods have been established for multiple food allergen *** the present study.a novel method was developed for the simultaneous detection of almond,cashew,peanut,and walnut allergens in bakery.foods using liquid chromatography.mass *** unique to these four ingredients were extracted,followed by.try.sin digestion,quadrupole time-of-flight(Q-TOF)mass spectrometry.and bioinformatics *** raw data were processed by.de-novo sequencing module plus PEAKS DB(database search)module of the PEAKS software to screen peptides specific to each nut *** thermal stability.and uniqueness of these candidate peptides were further verified using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.QQQ-MS)in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)*** nut species was represented by.four peptides,all of which were validated for label-free quantification(LFQ).Calibration curves were constructed with good linearity.and correlation coefficient(r 2)greater than *** limits of detection(LODs)were determined to range from 0.11 to 0.31 mg/kg,and were compared with the reference doses proposed by.Voluntary.Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling(VITAL).The recoveries of the developed method in incurred bakery.food matrices ranged from 72.5%to 92.1%with relative standard deviations(RSD)ofy.food samples confirmed the presence of these *** conclusion,this method provides insight into the qualitative and quantitative detection of trace levels of nut allergens in bakery.foods.

关键词： Nut allergen Q-TOF mass spectrometry peptides label-free quantitation bakery.foods.

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Climatic impacts induced by.winter wheat irrigation over North China simulated by.the nonhy.rostatic RegCM4.7

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 197-210页

作者： Jia WU zhen-y. HAN Xue-Jie GAO zheng-Jia liu National Climate Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Key.Laboratory.for Climate Studies China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Climate Change Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Quantification of the impact of winter wheat irrigation on the climate and the occurrence of extreme climatic events over North China is crucial for regional adaptation *** related studies mainly.focused on the impact on surface processes;however,few focused on the effects of extreme events using high-resolution nonhy.rostatic regional climate ***,the 9-km-resolution nonhy.rostatic RegCM4.7 was coupled with a crop irrigation scheme and an updated winter wheat irrigation dataset to better simulate irrigation *** experiments were conducted with and without winter wheat irrigation to isolate the effects of *** showed that irrigation simulation reduces the model biases in temperature,precipitation,latent heat flux,soil moisture,sensitive heat flux,and top-lay.r soil ***,it also reduces the bias and increases the correlation with observations obtained in irrigated areas,especially.in summer,indicating better representation of irrigation *** wheat irrigation tends to cause substantial cooling of the local surface maximum,minimum,and mean air temperatures(by.1.68,-0.34,and-0.79℃,respectively.over irrigated areas of North China,with the largest changes observed in relation to maximum ***,precipitation is found to increase during spring and summer,which is strongly.related to water vapor transport in the lower levels of the *** analy.es indicated that the number of annual mean hot day. decrease(-13.9 d),whereas the number of both comfort day.(+10.2 d)and rainy.day.(day. with total precipitation greater than 1 mm:+6.6 d)increase over irrigated areas,demonstrating beneficial feedback to human perception and ***,although the heat wave risk increases(number of annual mean heat wave day.:+5.8 d),the impact is limited to small areas within irrigated ***,no notable change was found in terms of heavy.rainfall events and precipitation intensity

关键词： Nonhy.rostatic regional climate model Irrigation effect Extreme events North China

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Adsorption behavior of CO2/H2S mixtures in calcite slit nanopores for CO2 storage:An insight from molecular perspective

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2444-2456页

作者： Cheng Qian zhen-Hua Rui y.e-Liang liu Kai Du Chen liu y.ng Zhao Xiao-Min Ma State Key.Laboratory.of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum College of Carbon Neutrality.Future Technology China University of Petroleum College of Petroleum China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay College of Mining Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology

It is acknowledged that injecting CO2into oil reservoirs and saline aquifers for storage is a practical and affordable method for *** CO2produced from industrial exhaust contains impurity.gases such as H2S that might impact CO2sequestration due to competitive *** study.makes a commendable effort to explore the adsorption behavior of CO2/H2S mixtures in calcite slit *** Canonical Monte Carlo（GCMC） simulation is employ.d to reveal the adsorption of CO2,H2S as well as their binary.mixtures in calcite *** show that the increase in pressure and temperature can promote and inhibit the adsorption capacity.of CO2and H2S in calcite nanopores,***2exhibits stronger adsorption on calcite surface than *** energy.play. the dominating role in the adsorption *** energy.accounts for 97.11% of the CO2-calcite interaction energy.and 56.33% of the H2S-calcite interaction energy.at 10 MPa and 323.15 *** presence of H2S inhibits the CO2adsorption in calcite nanopores due to competitive adsorption,and a higher mole fraction of H2S leads to less *** quantity.of CO2adsorbed is lessened by.approximately.33% when the mole fraction of H2S reaches ***2molecules preferentially.occupy.the regions near the po re wall and H2S molecules tend to reside at the center of nanopore even when the molar ratio of CO2is low,indicating that CO2has an adsorption priority.on the calcite surface over *** addition,moisture can weaken the adsorption of both CO2and H2S,while CO2is more *** interestingly.we find that pure CO2is more suitable to be sequestrated in the shallower formations,i.e.,500-1500 m,whereas CO2with H2S impurity.should be settled in the deeper reservoirs.

关键词： Adsorption behavior CO 2 /H 2 S binary.mixtures Molecular perspective Calcite slit nanopores CO 2 sequestration

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An Updated Lagrangian Particle Hy.rody.amics (ULPH)-NOSBPD Coupling Approach forModeling Fluid-Structure Interaction Problem

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 491-523页

作者： zhen Wang Junsong Xiong Shaofan Li Xin Lai Xiang liu Lisheng liu Hubei Key.Laboratory.of Theory.and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Engineering Structure and Mechanics Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China

A fluid-structure interaction approach is proposed in this paper based onNon-Ordinary.State-Based Peridy.amics(NOSB-PD)and Updated Lagrangian Particle Hy.rody.amics(ULPH)to simulate the fluid-structure interaction problem with large geometric deformation and material failure and solve the fluid-structure interaction problem of Newtonian *** the coupled framework,the NOSB-PD theory.describes the deformation and fracture of the solid material *** is applied to describe the flow of Newtonian fluids due to its advantages in computational *** framework utilizes the advantages of NOSB-PD theory.for solving discontinuous problems and ULPH theory.for solving fluid problems,with good computational stability.and robustness.A fluidstructure coupling algorithm using pressure as the transmission medium is established to deal with the fluidstructure *** dy.amic model of solid structure and the PD-ULPH fluid-structure interaction model involving large deformation are verified by.numerical *** results agree with the analy.ical solution,the available experimental data,and other numerical ***,the accuracy.and effectiveness of the proposed method in solving the fluid-structure interaction problem are *** fluid-structure interactionmodel based on ULPH and NOSB-PD established in this paper provides a new idea for the numerical solution of fluidstructure interaction and a promising approach for engineering design and experimental prediction.

关键词： Fluid-structure interaction(FSI) updated lagrangian particle hy.rody.amics peridy.amics meshfree method

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Site-specific incorporation of reduction-controlled guest amino acids into proteins for cucurbituril recognition

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 193-196页

作者： zhen Dai Linzhi Tan y.y. Su Kerui Zhao y.shun Tian y. liu Tao liu College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China State Key.Laboratory.of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Protein recognition using host-guest recognition approach is of great interest but has been limited mainly.to the protein N-terminal ***,we site-specific incorporated two novel non-canonical amino acids containing supramolecular guest motifs into protein via an expanded genetic *** Staudinger reduction reactions,the encoded unnatural residues on protein becoming activated and can be specifically.recognized by.cucurbit[7]uril(CB[7])and cucurbit[8]uril(CB[8]).We demonstrated that enzy.e containing guest amino acid incorporated near the active site can be reversibly.regulated by.CB[7]recognition,and CB[8]recognition induces protein *** amino acids will make useful addition to the supramolecular toolbox for protein targeting using molecular recognition approaches.

关键词： Protein recognition Host-guest recognition Non-canonical amino acids Staudinger reduction Expanded genetic code

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Linear and Nonlinear Solutions of Interfacial Waves Due to a Doublet

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Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications 2024年第2期44卷 269-284页

作者： Di liu zhen WANG School of Mathematics Jilin University School of Mathematical Sciences Beihang University

Steady.two-dimensional potential flows of two-lay.r fluids with a submerged doublet in the lower lay.r are considered. Both linear analy.ical solutions and fully.nonlinear solutions based on boundary.integral equation methods are obtained. Nonlinearity.strongly.influences the downstream wave height and leads to a slight phase difference. When the Froude number is small, wave height fast gets its maximum as the Froude number increases. While wave-less solutions may.be obtained if the Froude number is very.large. Afterward, the interfacial waves due to one point vortex or a vortex pair are compared with those due to a doublet. It is found that the nonlinear wave profiles due to a doublet are quite close to those due to a vertical vortex pair if the distance between the vortex pair is set appropriately.

关键词： interfacial waves doublet boundary.integral equation method linear solutions

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Correlation analy.is of interstitial maturity.and prognosis of colorectal cancer:Meta-analy.is

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2816-2825页

作者： zhen-Jun liu Xu-Wen Zhang Qi-Qi liu Shao-Zhao Wang Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Feicheng People's HospitalFeicheng 271600Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Hepatobiliary.Surgery Feicheng People's HospitalFeicheng 271600Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518036Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Anorectal Word Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250013Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship between interstitial maturity.and prognosis of colorectal *** To examine the correlation between interstitial maturity.and the prognosis of colorectal *** The paper database PubMed,EMBASE,Cochranelibrary.Springerlink,CNKI,and Wanfang database were searched until December 2023."tumor stroma maturity."desmoplastic stroma reaction""desmoplastic reaction""stroma reaction""degree of stroma reaction""stroma classification""stroma density."colorectal cancer""colon cancer""rectal cancer""prognosis"were searched for the search *** sy.tem assessors independently.screened the literature quality.according to the inclusion exclusion criteria,Quality.evaluation and data extraction were performed for the included literatures,and meta-analy.is was performed for randomized control trials included at using Review Manager 5.2 *** Finally.data of 9849 patients with colorectal cancer from 19 cosets in 15 literatures were included,including 4339 patients with mature ty.e(control group),3048 patients with intermediate ty.e(intermediate group)and 2456 patients with immature ty.e(immature group).The results of meta-analy.is showed:Relapse-free survival[hazard ratio(HR)=2.66,95%confidence interval(CI):2.30-3.08;Py.lower than those in mature group(control group);relapse-free survival(HR=1.36,95%CI:1.17-1.59;Py.lower than the mature group(control group).CONCLUSION There is the correlation between tumor interstitial maturity.and survival prognosis of colorectal cancer,and different degrees of tumor interstitial maturity.have a certain impact on the quality.of life of colorectal cancer patients.

关键词： Colorectal tumor Survival prognosis Tumor interstitial maturity Sy.tematic review Meta-analy.is

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Towards overcoming obstacles of ty.e Ⅱ photody.amic therapy.Endogenous production of light,photosensitizer,and oxy.en

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1111-1131页

作者： Lin y. zhen liu Wei Xu Kai Jin Jinliang liu Xiaohui Zhu y.ng Zhang y.han Wu Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Conventional photody.amic therapy.PDT)approaches face challenges including limited light penetration,low uptake of photosensitizers by.tumors,and lack of oxy.en in tumor *** promising solution is to internally.generate light,photosensitizers,and *** can be accomplished through endogenous production,such as using bioluminescence as an endogenous light source,sy.thesizing genetically.encodable photosensitizers in situ,and modify.ng cells genetically.to express catalase ***,these strategies have been reinforced by.the recent rapid advancements in sy.thetic *** this review,we summarize and discuss the approaches to overcome PDT obstacles by.means of endogenous production of excitation light,photosensitizers,and *** envision that as sy.thetic biology.advances,genetically.engineered cells could act as precise and targeted“living factories”to produce PDT components,leading to enhanced performance of PDT.

关键词： Photody.amic therapy Cancer Biogenesis Biosy.thesis Engineered bacteria Phototherapy Photosensitizers Catalase

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