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The relations among the three kinds of conditional risk measures

Science China Mathematics 2014年第8期57卷 1753-1764页

作者： guo TieXin ZHAO ShiEn zeng XiaoLin School of Mathematics and Statistics Central South University Elementary Educational College Capital Normal University College of Mathematics and Statistics Chongqing Technology and Business University

Let（Ω , E, P） be a probability space, F a sub-σ-algebra of E, L^p（E）（1 p ＋∞） the classical function space and LF^p（E） the L^0（F）-module generated by L^p（E）, which can be made into a random normed module in a natural way. Up to the present time, there are three kinds of conditional risk measures, whose model spaces are L^∞（E）, L^p（E）（1 p ＋∞） and LF^p（E）（1 p ＋∞） respectively, and a conditional convex dual representation theorem has been established for each kind. The purpose of this paper is to study the relations among the three kinds of conditional risk measures together with their representation theorems. We first establish the relation between L^p（E） and LF^p（E）, namely LF^p（E） = Hcc（L^p（E））, which shows that LF^p（E）is exactly the countable concatenation hull of L^p（E）. Based on the precise relation, we then prove that every L^0（F）-convex L^p（E）-conditional risk measure（1 p ＋∞） can be uniquely extended to an L^0（F）-convex LF^p（E）-conditional risk measure and that the dual representation theorem of the former can also be regarded as a special case of that of the latter, which shows that the study of L^p-conditional risk measures can be incorporated into that of LF^p（E）-conditional risk measures. In particular, in the process we find that combining the countable concatenation hull of a set and the local property of conditional risk measures is a very useful analytic skill that may considerably simplify and improve the study of L^0-convex conditional risk measures.

关键词： random normed module countable concatenation property L^∞(E)-conditional risk measure L^p(E)-conditional risk measure(1≤ p 〈 +∞) LF^p(E)-conditional risk measure(1 ≤p≤ +∞) extension

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MHC Class I Exon 4 in the Multiocellated Racerunners(Eremias multiocellata): Polymorphism, Duplication and Selection

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Asian Herpetological Research 2014年第2期5卷 91-103页

作者： Xiuyun YUAN Xiaomao zeng Xianguang guo Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The major histocompatibility complex （MHC） is a dynamic genetic region with an essential role in the adaptive immunity of jawed vertebrates. The MHC polymorphism is affected by many processes such as birth-and- death evolution, gene conversion, and concerted evolution. Studies investigating the evolution of MHC class I genes have been biased toward a few particular taxa and model species. However, the investigation of this region in nonavian reptiles is still in its infancy. We present the first characterization of MHC class I genes in a species from the family Lacertidae. We assessed genetic diversity and a role of selection in shaping the diversity of MHC class I exon 4 among 37 individuals of Eremias multiocellata from a population in Lanzhou, China. We generated 67 distinct DNA sequences using cloning and sequencing methods, and identified 36 putative functional variants as well as two putative pseudogene-variants. We found the number of variants within an individual varying between two and seven, indicating that there are at least four MHC class I loci in this species. Gene duplication plays a role in increasing copy numbers of MHC genes and allelic diversity in this species. The class I exon 4 sequences are characteristic of low nucleotide diversity. No signal of recombination is detected, but purifying selection is detected in β2-microglobulin interaction sites and some other silent sites outside of the function-constraint regions. Certain identical alleles are shared by Eremias multiocellata and E. przewalskii and E. brenchleyi, suggesting trans-species polymorphism. The data are compatible with a birth-and-death model of evolution.

关键词： MHC class I Eremias multiocellata trans-species polymorphism balancing selection purifying selection,birth-and-death evolution

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Regulation of solvation structure and the cooperation environment of potassium bonds for wider-temperature adaptive potassium storage

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1610-1621页

作者： Bing-Bing Liu Yi-Hui Liu You-Bin Zhang zhen-guo Qi guo-Hui Qin State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China Shandong Synergetic Innovation Center of Ecological and Chemical Engineering Qingdao266042China

Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))is one of the perspective candidates for potassium-ion batteries due to its advanced virtues stem including featured high capacity,fertile reserves and the relative narrow band *** the unique advantages,it is still plagued by the unstable interface compatibility and poor wider-temperature *** optimization of microstructure and the construction of inorganic-organic hybrids with a low desolvation barrier and rapid kinetics behaviors are efficient to address these *** Sb_(2)Se_(3)nanorods enclosed by the S-doped carbon layer(SC),further crosslinked by the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PM)film(PM@Sb_(2)Se_(3)@SC),were artificially fabricated,and it displays the enrichment ion aggregated model as well as contacted ion pair state,the well-tailored cooperation environment of potassium bonds,assuring a homogeneous potassium deposition and an excellent widertemperature *** complicated experimental studies and theoretical calculations authenticate the synergistic effects of geometric conformation and compositional design for the tremendously enhanced potassium ***,the full device over PM@Sb_(2)Se_(3)@SC anode and the potassium Prussian blue cathode manifests impressively durable cycling life and wider-temperature adaptability,verifying the glorious contribution from the finely manipulation in solvation structure and potassium bonds to enhancing the potassium storage behaviors.

关键词： Anode Sb_(2)Se_(3) rods Interface compatibility Inorganic-organic electrode Potassium ion battery

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Factors affecting the formation of trihalomethanes in the presence of bromide during chloramination

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第8期11卷 606-612页

作者： Yong-ji ZHANG Ling-ling ZHOU guo zeng zheng-guo SONG Gui-bai LI Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China

The effects of the concentration of dissolved total organic carbon (TOC), the TOC/Br- ratio, bromide ion levels, the chlorine to ammonia-N ratio (Cl:N), the monochloramine dose and the chlorine dose on the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) (including chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, and bromoform) from chlorination were investigated using aqueous humic acid (HA) solutions. The profile of the chloramine decay was also studied under various bromide ion concentrations. Monochloramine decayed in the presence of organic material and bromide ions. The percentage of chloroform and brominated THMs varied according to the TOC/Br- ratio. Total THMs (TTHMs) formation increased from 112 to 190 μg/L with the increase concentrations of bromide ions from 0.67 to 6.72 mg/L, but the chlorine-substituted THMs were replaced by bromine-substituted THMs. A strong linear correlation was obtained between the monochloramine dose and the formation of THMs for Cl:N ratios of 3:1 and 5:1. These ratios had a distinct effect on the formation of chloroform but had little impact on the formation of bromodichloromethane or chlorodibromomethane. The presence of bromide ions increased the rate of monochloramine decay.

关键词： Trihalomethanes (THMs) Humic acid (HA) Bromide Monochloramine

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Effect of plastic strain and forming temperature on magnetic properties of low-carbon steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第2期27卷 210-219页

作者： Fan zeng Xue-jiao Bai Cheng-liang Hu Min-jun Tang zhen Zhao Institute of Forming Technology and Equipment School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China National Engineering Research Center of Die&Mold CAD Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Jiangsu Longcheng Precision Forging Co. Ltd.Changzhou 213000China

Claw poles are a key component of automobile *** output power performance of the generator is very dependent on the magnetic properties of its claw *** deformation is known to significantly change the magnetic behavior of ferromagnetic materials in claw *** this paper,changes in the magnetic properties of low-carbon steel,used for claw pole components due to their plastic deformation,were investigated for different strains and ***-shaped material samples were prepared by machining and their magnetic properties were *** surface roughness was first evaluated and a machining process with an arithmetic average of roughness Ra 1.6μm was selected as enabling the lowest measurement *** loops at different applied magnetic fields of the material were obtained for different plastic strains and forming *** magnetic parameters of magnetic flux density,coercivity,and remanence were obtained and compared with magnetic flux density as the primary *** showed that machining,cold forming,and hot forming all led to lower magnetic flux density,larger coercivity,and smaller *** flux density showed a sharp decrease at the start of plastic deformation,but as the strain increased,the decreasing trend gradually reached a constant *** decrease was much larger for cold forming than for hot *** example,at 500 A/m,the degradation of magnetic flux density with a reduction percentage of 5%at room temperature was about 50%,while that of hot forming at 1200°C was about 10%.Results of this research may provide a reference for the future process design of hot-forged claw poles.

关键词： low-carbon steel magnetic properties hot forming cold forming surface roughness

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Three-component Reaction of Aromatic Aldehyde,Malononitrile and Aliphatic Amine Leading to Different Pyridine Derivatives

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2010年第6期26卷 937-941页

作者： CHEN Jiao MA zhen YAN Chao-guo College of Chemistry ＆ Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China

The three-component reaction of aromatic aldehyde,malononitrile and aliphatic amine in a mixed solvent of methanol and water exhibited very interesting molecular diversity and gave the derivatives of polysubstituted N-methyldihydropyridines,2-dialkylaminopyridines and 2-methoxypyridines as main products according to the structure of aliphatic amines used.

关键词： Multicomponent reaction Malononitrile Aldehyde Dihydropyridine Pyridine Aminopyridine

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Multi-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov Spaces Associated with Flag Singular Integrals

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2010年第4期26卷 603-620页

作者： Yong DING guo zhen LU Bo Lin MA Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems ( BNU) Ministry of Education P. R. China School of Mathematics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China Department of Mathematics Wayne State University Detroit 48202 USA College of Mathematics and Information Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 P. R. China

Though the theory of one-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces has been very well developed in the past decades, the multi-parameter counterpart of such a theory is still absent. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a theory of multi-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces using the discrete Littlewood-Paley-Stein analysis in the setting of implicit multi-parameter structure. It is motivated by the recent work of Han and Lu in which they established a satisfactory theory of multi-parameter Littlewood-Paley-Stein analysis and Hardy spaces associated with the flag singular integral operators studied by Muller-Ricci-Stein and Nagel-Ricci-Stein. We also prove the boundedness of flag singular integral operators on Triebel-Lizorkin space and Besov space. Our methods here can be applied to develop easily the theory of multi-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces in the pure product setting.

关键词： flag singular integrals multiparameter Triebel-Lizorkin spaces discrete Calderdn repro- ducing formulas discrete Littlewood-Paley-Stein analysis

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Sodium dehydroacetate treatment prolongs the shelf-life of'Kyoho'grape by regulating oxidative stress and DNA methylation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第5期21卷 1525-1533页

作者： guo Da-long LIU Hai-nan WANG zhen-guang guo Li-li ZHANG guo-hai College of Horticulture and Plant Protection Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023P.R.China Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants Luoyang 471023P.R.China

In this study,we tested the ability of sodium dehydroacetate(SD)to extend the shelf-life of‘Kyoho’*** the different concentrations of SD tested(0,0.01,0.1 and 1.0 mmol L^(-1)),0.01 mmol L^(-1) SD was the most effective in prolonging the shelf-life of‘Kyoho’*** with the control,the weight loss rate,browning index and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and malonaldehyde contents were significantly lower in the 0.01 mmol L^(-1) SD treatment,whereas the healthy berry rate,berry firmness,total soluble solids(TSS)content,ascorbic acid content and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity were significantly *** addition,an analysis of‘Kyoho’grape DNA using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP)markers showed that the average DNA methylation level was significantly higher in the 0.01 mmol L^(-1) SD treatment than in the ***,these results indicate that 0.01 mmol L^(-1) SD could be used to extend the shelf-life of‘Kyoho’***,a strong connection between reactive oxygen species(ROS)metabolism and DNA methylation change during storage was revealed.

关键词： grape sodium dehydroacetate DNA methylation MSAP shelf-life

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Surface of room temperature ionic liquid [bmim][PF_6] studied by polarization- and experimental configuration-dependent sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第3期58卷 439-447页

作者： Ganghua Deng Youqi guo Xia Li zhen Zhang Shilin Liu Zhou Lu Yuan guo Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface.

关键词： ionic liquid sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy interface orientation

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Experimental investigation of combustion mechanisms of kerosene-fueled scramjet engines with double-cavity flameholders

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2011年第6期27卷 891-897页

作者： Yu Pan Jian-guo Tan Jian-Han Liang Wei-Dong Liu zhen-guo Wang Department of Aerospace and Material National University of Defense and Technology 410073 Changsha China

A scramjet combustor with double cavitybased flameholders was experimentally studied in a directconnected test bed with the inflow conditions of M = 2.64,Pt = 1.84 MPa,Tt = 1 300 *** ignition and selfsustained combustion with room temperature kerosene was achieved using pilot hydrogen,and kerosene was vertically injected into the combustor through 4×φ 0.5 mm holes mounted on the *** different equivalence ratios and different injection schemes with both tandem cavities and parallel cavities,flow fields were obtained and compared using a high speed camera and a Schlieren *** revealed that the combustor inside the flow field was greatly influenced by the cavity installation scheme,cavities in tandem easily to form a single side flame distribution,and cavities in parallel are more likely to form a joint flame,forming a choked combustion *** supersonic combustion flame was a kind of diffusion flame and there were two kinds of combustion *** the unchoked combustion mode,both subsonic and supersonic combustion regions *** in the choked mode,the combustion region was fully subsonic with strong shock propagating *** also showed that there was a balance point between the boundary separation and shock enhanced combustion,depending on the intensity of heat release.

关键词： Scramjet. Supersonic combustion. Flame structure Cavity flameholder

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