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Advances in Atmospheric Radiation:Theories,Models,and Their ***Ⅱ:Radiative Transfer Models and Related Applications

Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 183-208页

作者： Hua ZHANG Feng ZHANG lei LIU Yuzhi LIU Husi LETU Yuanjian YANG zhengqiang LI Kun WU Shuai HU Ming LI Tie DAI Fei WANG Zhili WANG Yuxiang LING Yining SHI Chao LIU State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic sciences&Institute of Atmospheric sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438 College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073 College of Atmospheric sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 school of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 school of Atmospheric sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081

The subject of“atmospheric radiation”includes not only fundamental theories on atmospheric gaseous absorption and the scattering and radiative transfer of particles(molecules,cloud,and aerosols),but also their applications in weather,climate,and atmospheric remote sensing,and is an essential part of the atmospheric *** review includes two parts(Part I and PartⅡ);following the first part on gaseous absorption and particle scattering,this part(PartⅡ)reports the progress that has been made in radiative transfer theories,models,and their common applications,focusing particularly on the contributions from Chinese *** recent achievements on radiative transfer models and methods developed for weather and climate studies and for atmospheric remote sensing are firstly ***,the associated applications,such as surface radiation estimation,satellite remote sensing algorithms,radiative parameterization for climate models,and radiative-forcing related climate change studies are summarized,which further reveals the importance of radiative transfer theories and models.

关键词： atmospheric radiation radiative transfer remote sensing radiative forcing climate change

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Inferring Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Drug Resistance and Transmission using Whole-genome Sequencing in a High TB-burden Setting in china

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 2024年第2期37卷 157-169页

作者： FAN Yu Feng LIU Dong Xin CHEN Yi Wang OU Xi Chao MAO Qi Zhi YANG Ting Ting WANG Xi Jiang HE Wen Cong ZHAO Bing LIU zhen Jiang ABULIMITI Maiweilanjiang AIHEMUTI Maimaitiaili GAO Qian ZHAO Yan Lin Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology(MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital Hangzhou 310005ZhejiangChina Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention Urumqi 830026XinjiangChina Tuberculosis Dispensary of Kashgar Prefecture Kashgar 844099XinjiangChina

Objective china is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis(TB)worldwide,and TB remains a public health *** Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest TB burden regions in ***,molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are *** A population-based retrospective study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the characteristics of drug resistance and the transmission *** A total of 1,668 isolates collected in 2020 were classified into lineages 2(46.0%),3(27.5%),and 4(26.5%).The drug resistance rates revealed by WGS showed that the top three drugs in terms of the resistance rate were isoniazid(7.4%,124/1,668),streptomycin(6.0%,100/1,668),and rifampicin(3.3%,55/1,668).The rate of rifampicin resistance was 1.8%(23/1,290)in the new cases and 9.4%(32/340)in the previously treated *** resistance mutations were detected more frequently in lineage 2 strains than in lineage 3 or 4 strains,respectively:18.6%vs.8.7 or 9%,P<*** estimated proportion of recent transmissions was 25.9%(432/1,668).Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that sex,age,occupation,lineage,and drug resistance were the risk factors for recent *** the low rate of drug resistance,drug-resistant strains had a higher risk of recent transmission than the susceptible strains(adjusted odds ratio,1.414;95%CI,1.023–1.954;P=0.036).Among all patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis(DR-TB),78.4%(171/218)were attributed to the transmission of DR-TB *** Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains are more transmissible than susceptible strains and that transmission is the major driving force of the current DR-TB epidemic in Kashgar.

关键词： Mycobacterium tuberculosis Whole-genome sequencing(WGS) Transmission Drug resistance Xinjiang

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Advancements in life-on-a-chip: The impact of “Beyond Limits Manufacturing” technology

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 13-16页

作者： Weiwei He Hongbo Zhang Xudong Lin Lili Zhu Tingting zheng Hao Pei Yang Tian Min Zhang Guoyue Shi lei Wu Jianlong Zhao Gulinuer Wumaier Shengqing Li Yufang Xu Honglin Li Xuhong Qian shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China school of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518000China shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Lingang Laboratory Shanghai 200031China

This review explores the concept of life-on-a-chip,which involves the creation of miniaturized biological systems,such as organs,tissues,and model organisms,on microscale platforms called microfluidic *** chips consist of intricately etched channels,wells,and chambers that enable precise control and observation of fluids,cells,and biochemical reactions,facilitating the simulation of various aspects of human or animal physiology and the study of responses to different stimuli,drugs,or disease *** review highlights the application of a novel technology,“Beyond Limit Manufacturing”(BLM),in the development of sophisticated three-dimensional cell models and model organism ***-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip(OoC)are among the thriving developments in the field of microfluidics,allowing for the reconstruction of living microenvironments and implementation of multiple *** review discusses the latest advancements in life-on-a-chip technology using BLM and outlines potential future research directions,emphasizing the significant role of these chips in studying complex biological processes in a controlled and scalable manner.

关键词： Beyond Limit Manufacturing Model-organism-on-a-chip Organ-on-a-chip

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Experimental investigation on frictional properties of stressed basalt fractures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第6期15卷 1457-1475页

作者： zhen Zhong Congqiang Xu lei Wang Yunjin Hu Fengshou Zhang school of Civil Engineering Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing312000China Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing312000China Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical&Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

The frictional strength and sliding stability of faults are crucial in interpreting earthquake mechanisms and ***,we report friction experiments on basalt fractures,using a self-designed triaxial apparatus that allows direct shear of samples under coupled hydro-mechanical ***(VS)and slide-hold-slide(SHS)experiments are performed on both bare and gouge-bearing surfaces of Xiashan basalt subjected to cyclic shear velocities at 1e30 mm/s,effective normal stresses of 1e5 MPa,and pore pressures of 70e300 *** measured basalt friction coefficients are in the range of 0.67e0.74,which is sensitive to gouge thickness,normal stress,and ***,a reduction in friction coefficient is observed with an increment in gouge thickness,normal stress,and pore *** on the microscopic observation of the pre-and post-shearing sliding surfaces,this weakening effect in friction coefficient can be attributed to powder ***,the VS test results reveal predominantly velocity-strengthening behavior at investigated slip velocities,and this velocity strengthening behavior does not appear to be influenced by variations in normal stress,gouge thickness,and ***,changes in sliding velocity and normal stress can lead to a shift between stable and unstable ***,stable sliding is favored by high sliding velocities and low normal stress applied in this ***,we analyze the experimental data by calculating the rate-and-state parameters using the rate-and state-dependent friction(RSF)***,the calculated friction rate parameter(a-b)supports the velocity-strengthening *** frictional relaxation(Dmc)during hold periods and frictional healing(Dm)upon re-shearing are linearly proportional to the logarithmic hold time,which may be attributed to the growth in true contact area with hold *** study sheds light on the roles of sliding velocity,and gouge thickness in controlling f

关键词： Rock friction Basalt fracture Gouge Velocity-strengthening behavior Frictional healing

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表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成分子机制的研究进展

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微生物学报 2003年第5期43卷 681-685页

作者：张青雷呈祥赵旭复旦大学生命科学学院微生物学系上海200433

细菌感染性疾病已成为了各临床科室关注的重要问题。其中条件致病感染菌具有耐药性，难以治疗，尤为棘手。表皮葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus epidermidis）是重要的条件致病菌。近来，随多种插管、透析技术、人工心瓣膜、人工关节和人工晶... 详细信息

细菌感染性疾病已成为了各临床科室关注的重要问题。其中条件致病感染菌具有耐药性，难以治疗，尤为棘手。表皮葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus epidermidis）是重要的条件致病菌。近来，随多种插管、透析技术、人工心瓣膜、人工关节和人工晶体等医疗材料的广泛应用，人口老年化及免疫低下人群的出现等，生物膜感染上升为医院细菌感染的前4位，并且感染后果日趋严重。表皮葡萄球菌作为存在于健康人皮肤表面的正常菌群并不致病，但可伴随“异物”（高分子材料如塑料等）进入人体，并通过粘附形成生物膜（Biofilm），入侵血循环而致败血症等。在生物膜中的细菌不仅耐抗生素还可耐抗体的杀菌作用，危害性严重。因此，近年来有关细菌生物膜的基础研究和临床研究受到人们极大的关注。本文对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜的特点、形成过程、形成生物膜所需相关因子及生物膜形成的基因调控机制作了综述。

关键词：表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成分子机制致病菌

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高浓度游离氯检测时显色后褪色的原因分析及改进方法研究

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化学研究与应用 2024年第8期36卷 1896-1901页

作者：代佼杨玖王珍珍夏勇攀枝花市东区生态环境监测站四川攀枝花617000 复旦大学信息科学与工程学院上海200433 四川省攀枝花生态环境监测中心站四川攀枝花617000

采用N,N-二乙基-1,4-苯二胺(N,N-Diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine,DPD)分光光度法测定游离氯浓度较高的水样时,检测过程经常出现显色后褪色的异常现象,导致检测结果严重偏低。本文通过分析游离氯浓度与吸光度的对应变化关系,来探讨显色与... 详细信息

采用N,N-二乙基-1,4-苯二胺(N,N-Diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine,DPD)分光光度法测定游离氯浓度较高的水样时,检测过程经常出现显色后褪色的异常现象,导致检测结果严重偏低。本文通过分析游离氯浓度与吸光度的对应变化关系,来探讨显色与褪色的反应机理,并以此为依据来提出改进方法。实验发现,随着游离氯浓度增加,吸光度呈现先增后减的变化趋势。结合相关文献分析,这是由于过量游离氯与红色显色产物N,N-二乙基对醌二亚胺发生氧化反应,导致红色消褪。在此提出采用游离氯快速检测试纸预检的方法,根据预判游离氯浓度范围来选择合适稀释倍数进行显色分析,本文提供了最优稀释倍数选取方案。结果表明,采用改进后的方法对15份实际样品进行测定,与原方法相比,改进后的方法检测结果准确率提升40%,总耗时缩短50%~81%,只需稀释操作1次,可有效解决显色后褪色的问题。

关键词：游离氯检测 N N-二乙基-1 4-苯二胺分光光度法褪色改进方法

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Q690厚板对接焊残余应力评估及其对焊接接头断裂性能的影响

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中国舰船研究 2024年第4期19卷 271-281页

作者：王江超杜仕忠牛业兴张庆亚赵宏权吴磊陈震华中科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院湖北武汉430074 高新船舶与深海开发装备协同创新中心上海200240 上海振华重工启东海洋工程股份有限公司江苏南通226200 江苏海事职业技术学院船舶与海洋工程学院江苏南京211199 华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院湖北武汉430074 上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院上海200240

[目的]旨在研究高强钢厚板多层多道焊的复杂焊接残余应力,评估其对焊接接头断裂性能的影响。[方法]以75 mm厚Q690高强钢板为研究对象,制定多层多道对接焊工艺,完成对接接头的焊接,使用轮廓法获得中剖面的纵向残余应力,基于自主开发的高... 详细信息

[目的]旨在研究高强钢厚板多层多道焊的复杂焊接残余应力,评估其对焊接接头断裂性能的影响。[方法]以75 mm厚Q690高强钢板为研究对象,制定多层多道对接焊工艺,完成对接接头的焊接,使用轮廓法获得中剖面的纵向残余应力,基于自主开发的高效热−弹−塑性有限元计算方法,再现厚板多层多道焊的热循环、微观组织演变等现象,将单轴拉伸试验与GTN损伤模型相结合,提出Q690高强钢板的GTN模型参数,分析金属母材及焊接接头试样的断裂特性和应力−应变曲线。[结果]采用所提方法预测的厚板对接接头熔池形状、金相体积分数都与试验测量基本吻合;考虑焊接固态相变和高强钢轧制初始应力的力学分析,得到的焊接残余应力与试验结果高度一致,并得到了横向残余应力分布;考虑焊接微观缺陷及横向残余应力,阐明了残余应力影响焊接接头断裂性能的力学机理。[结论]相关研究可为高强钢厚板焊接结构残余应力及断裂性能评估提供借鉴和指导。

关键词：厚板残余应力接头断裂轮廓法 GTN模型

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管材超声检测中导波模式及频厚积的选择

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同济大学学报（自然科学版） 2004年第5期32卷 696-700页

作者：他得安刘镇清贺鹏飞复旦大学电子工程系上海200433 同济大学声学研究所上海200092 同济大学航空航天与力学学院上海200092

用轴向功率流分布来选择检测自由管状结构的最佳导波模式及其最佳频厚积 ,并将混合边界元法应用于管状结构 ,对其结果的有效性进行了验证 .结果表明 :对于自由管材 ,用超声纵向L(0 ,1)模式检测时 ,频厚积在 0 .15MHz·mm以下时较为灵敏 ... 详细信息

用轴向功率流分布来选择检测自由管状结构的最佳导波模式及其最佳频厚积 ,并将混合边界元法应用于管状结构 ,对其结果的有效性进行了验证 .结果表明 :对于自由管材 ,用超声纵向L(0 ,1)模式检测时 ,频厚积在 0 .15MHz·mm以下时较为灵敏 ;用L(0 ,2 )模式检测时 ,在 1.4～ 1.8MHz·mm之间对检测管壁中央的缺陷较灵敏 ;用L(0 ,3)模式检测时 ,在 2 .0MHz·mm以下对管内外表面上的缺陷都较灵敏 .轴向功率流分布能有效地选择检测的最佳导波模式及其频厚积 .

关键词：管材超声导波无损检测轴向功率流混合边界元法

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The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, 2023

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Cancer Communications 2024年第1期44卷 127-172页

作者： Feng-Hua Wang Xiao-Tian Zhang lei Tang Qi Wu Mu-Yan Cai Yuan-Fang Li Xiu-Juan Qu Hong Qiu Yu-Jing Zhang Jie-Er Ying Jun Zhang Ling-Yu Sun Rong-Bo Lin Chang Wang Hao Liu Miao-zhen Qiu Wen-Long Guan Sheng-Xiang Rao Jia-Fu Ji Yan Xin Wei-Qi Sheng Hui-Mian Xu Zhi-Wei Zhou Ai-Ping Zhou Jing Jin Xiang-Lin Yuan Feng Bi Tian-Shu Liu Han Liang Yan-Qiao Zhang Guo-Xin Li Jun Liang Bao-Rui Liu Lin Shen Jin Li Rui-Hua Xu Department of Medical Oncology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education)Peking University Cancer HospitalBeijingP.R.China Department of Radiology Peking University Cancer HospitalBeijingP.R.China Department of Endoscopy Center Peking University Cancer HospitalBeijingP.R.China Department of Pathology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of Gastric Surgery Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of Medical Oncology The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningP.R.China Department of Medical Oncology Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiP.R.China Department of Radiotherapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of Medical Oncology Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhouZhejiangP.R.China Department of Medical Oncology Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R.China Department of Surgical Oncology The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangP.R.China Department of Medical Oncology Fujian Cancer HospitalFuzhouFujianP.R.China Tumor Center The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinP.R.China Department of General Surgery Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of Radiology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP.R.China Department of

The 2023 update of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)Clini-cal Guidelines for Gastric Cancer focuses on standardizing cancer diagnosis and treatment in china,reflecting the latest advancements in evidence-based medicine,healthcare resource availability,and precision *** updates address the differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopatho-logical features,tumor biology,treatment patterns,and drug selections between Eastern and Western gastric cancer *** revisions include a structured template for imaging diagnosis reports,updated standards for molecular marker testing in pathological diagnosis,and an elevated recommendation for neoadju-vant chemotherapy in stage III gastric *** advanced metastatic gastric cancer,the guidelines introduce new recommendations for immunotherapy,anti-angiogenic therapy and targeted drugs,along with updated management strategies for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive and deficient DNA mismatch repair(dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)***,the guidelines offer detailed screening recommendations for hereditary gastric cancer and an appendix listing drug treatment regimens for various stages of gastric *** 2023 CSCO Clinical Guidelines for Gastric Cancer updates are based on both Chinese and international clinical research and expert consensus to enhance their applicability and relevance in clinical practice,particularly in the heterogeneous healthcare landscape of china,while maintaining a commitment to scientific rigor,impartiality,and timely revisions.

关键词： Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO) gastric cancer diagnosis surgery neoadjuvant adjuvant radiotherapy chemotherapy targeted therapy immunotherapy

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两因子CIR模型对上交所利率期限结构的实证研究

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系统工程学报 2005年第5期20卷 447-453页

作者：范龙振张国庆复旦大学管理学院上海200433

以上交所债券价格隐含的利率期限结构数据作为分析对象,利用推广的卡尔曼滤波法,实证分析了连续时间的两因子CIR模型,发现估计出的两因子CIR模型能够反映实际观测到的利率期限结构的形状,模型下的利率期限结构与实际观测到的利率期限结... 详细信息

以上交所债券价格隐含的利率期限结构数据作为分析对象,利用推广的卡尔曼滤波法,实证分析了连续时间的两因子CIR模型,发现估计出的两因子CIR模型能够反映实际观测到的利率期限结构的形状,模型下的利率期限结构与实际观测到的利率期限结构形状基本相同.但估计出的两因子CIR模型对利率期限结构的预测误差具有一定的序列相关性,说明估计出的两因子CIR模型没有充分反映债券回报率和利率期限结构的可预测性.实证表明估计出的CIR模型可以用于上交所债券的定价,但用于利率期限结构变化的预测会产生一定的系统偏差.

关键词：两因子CIR模型利率期限结构上海证券交易所卡尔曼滤波

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