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Network Defense Decision-Making Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Dynamic Game Theory

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China Communications 2024年第9期21卷 262-275页

作者： Huang Wanwei Yuan Bo Wang Sunan ding yi Li Yuhua College of Software Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou 450001China The Third Construction Co. Ltd of China CREC Railway Electrification Engineering GroupZhengzhou 450052China Electronic and Communication Engineering Shenzhen Polytechnic UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Existing researches on cyber attackdefense analysis have typically adopted stochastic game theory to model the problem for solutions,but the assumption of complete rationality is used in modeling,ignoring the information opacity in practical attack and defense scenarios,and the model and method lack *** such problem,we investigate network defense policy methods under finite rationality constraints and propose network defense policy selection algorithm based on deep reinforcement *** on graph theoretical methods,we transform the decision-making problem into a path optimization problem,and use a compression method based on service node to map the network *** this basis,we improve the A3C algorithm and design the DefenseA3C defense policy selection algorithm with online learning *** experimental results show that the model and method proposed in this paper can stably converge to a better network state after training,which is faster and more stable than the original A3C *** with the existing typical approaches,Defense-A3C is verified its advancement.

关键词： A3C cyber attack-defense analysis deep reinforcement learning stochastic game theory

Anemarsaponin B mitigates acute pancreatitis damage in mice through apoptosis reduction and MAPK pathway modulation

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BIOCELL 2024年第5期48卷 745-758页

作者： yi HU ZHONGYANG REN zheNGZHONG ZHAO YONGJIA HUANG WANTING HUANG JIE LIU LING ding Gastroenterology Department Chongqing University Jiangjin HospitalJiangjin Central Hosptial of ChongqingChongqingChina Surgical Department Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese MedicineChongqingChina Pharmacy Department Chongqing University Jiangjin HospitalJiangjin Central Hosptial of ChongqingChongqingChina

Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP),known for its rapid onset and significant incidence and mortality rates,presents a clinical challenge due to the limited availability of effective treatments and preventive *** B(ASB)has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent,demonstrating capabilities in reducing immune inflammation,positioning it as a promising candidate for AP ***:We investigated the effects of ASB on AP in mice,induced by caerulein and lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Peripheral blood samples were collected 24 h post-induction with caerulein to assess of key biomarkers including lipase,amylase,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,SOD,and GSH-Px.A range of techniques such as immunohistochemistry staining,immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting,and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction(q-PCR),were employed to measure the expression of critical ***,pancreas samples from the mice were harvested for microbiome and metabolome sequencing,with the data analyzed to understand the impact of ASB on ***:Our study revealed that,compared to the sham group,the AP group exhibited significantly higher serum levels of lipase,amylase,and cytokines,while levels of SOD and GSH Px were notably *** with ASB led to a substantial decrease in the levels of lipase,amylase,and cytokines,and an increase in SOD and GSH-Px levels.q-PCR analysis of pancreatic histiocytes corroborated these serum *** and Eosin(H&E)staining indicated significant alterations in the pathological changes in the pancreas,lungs,and small intestine of the AP model due to *** assays demonstrated that ASB alleviated the apoptosis of pancreatic histiocytes in the AP *** Blot and histological analyses showed that ASB reduced the phosphorylation of TAK,p38,JNK,and ERK proteins,as well as the levels of TRAF6 protein in the AP ***,metabolomic and gut microbiota analysis identified 27 differential metabolites and 34 diffe

关键词： Anemarsaponin B Acute pancreatitis Cytokines MAPK TRAF6 Gut flora

Effects of NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediated Pyroptosis on Cardiovascular Diseases and Intervention Mechanism of Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第5期30卷 468-479页

作者： ZHONG yi LI Xin-yue LIANG Tian-jun ding Bao-zhu MA Ke-xin REN Wen-xuan LIANG Wen-jie College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hebei University of Chinese MedicineHebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Liver and Kidney DiseasesInstitute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShijiazhuang 050200China Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiangJiangxi Province 332000China Graduate School Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050017China Rural Physician College Hebei Medical UniversityShijazhuang 050017China Medical Department the First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050030China

Activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome signaling pathway is an important mechanism underlying myocardial pyroptosis and plays an important role in inflammatory damage to myocardial tissue in patients with cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),such as diabetic cardiomyopathy,ischemia/reperfusion injury,myocardial infarction,heart failure and *** RNAs(nc RNAs)are important regulatory *** Chinese medicine(CM)compounds,including their effective components,can regulate pyroptosis and exert myocardium-protecting *** mechanisms underlying this protection include inhibition of inflammasome protein expression,Toll-like receptor 4–NF-κB signal pathway activation,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),and mixed lineage kinase 3 expression and the regulation of silent information regulator *** NLRP3 protein is an important regulatory target for CVD prevention and treatment with *** the effects of the interventions mediated by CM and the related mechanisms provides new ideas and perspectives for CVD prevention and treatment.

关键词： pyroptosis cardiovascular diseases Chinese medicine NOD-like receptor protein 3 mechanisms

Protective mechanism of quercetin in alleviating sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 111-120页

作者： Weichao ding Wei Zhang Juan Chen Mengmeng Wang yi Ren Jing Feng Xiaoqin Han Xiaohang Ji Shinan Nie Zhaorui Sun Department of Emergency Medicine Jinling HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing 210002China Department of Emergency Medicine Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210002China Department of Emergency Medicine the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002China Department of Emergency Medicine Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000China

BACKGROUND:Sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has a high mortality rate,and no effective treatment is available *** is a natural plant product with many pharmacological activities,such as antioxidative,anti-apoptotic,and anti-inflammatory *** study aimed to elucidate the protective mechanism of quercetin against sepsis-related ***:In this study,network pharmacology and in vitro experiments were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of quercetin against sepsis-related *** targets and signaling pathways of quercetin against sepsis-related ARDS were screened and were verified by in vitro ***:A total of 4,230 targets of quercetin,360 disease targets of sepsis-related ARDS,and 211 intersection targets were obtained via database *** the 211 intersection targets,interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),albumin(ALB),AKT serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were identified as the core targets.A Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis revealed 894 genes involved in the inflammatory response,apoptosis regulation,and response to *** Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis identified 106 *** eliminating and generalizing,the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1),TNF,nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor signaling pathways were *** docking revealed that quercetin had good binding activity with the core ***,quercetin blocked the HIF-1,TNF,NF-κB,and NODlike receptor signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced murine alveolar macrophage(MH-S)*** also suppressed the inflammatory response,oxidative reactions,and cell ***:Quercetin ameliorates sepsis-related ARDS by binding to its core targets and blocking the HIF-1,TNF,NF-κB,and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways to reduce inflammation,cell apoptosis,and oxidative

关键词： Quercetin Sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome Network pharmacology

Construction of RuO2-Ru/MoO2@carbon cloth bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient overall water splitting

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5095-5104页

作者： Jia-Lin Cai Jing-yi Fan Xu-Dong Zhang Xin Xie Wan-Yu Tian Xin-Gang Zhang Jie ding Yu-Shan Liu College of Material Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application TechnologyZhengzhou University of Aeronautics The Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou University

Efficient bifunction electrocatalyst is extremely interesting for electrochemical overall water splitting （OWS）.Herein,a new RuO2-Ru/MoO2@CC（RRM/CC） bifunctional electrocatalyst was prepared via a solid phase reaction *** obtain a suitable precursor for SPR,MoS2nanosheets and RuO2nanoparticles （NPs）were sequentially loaded onto carbon cloth conductive ***,the prepared RuO2/MoS2/CC precursor was sealed in a furnace and annealed in Ar to trigger the redox *** SPR,active RuO2-Ru/MoO2units containing metal–metal oxide interfaces were formed on CC substrate *** optimized RRM/CC sample annealed at 400℃ exhibited a overpotential of 13 m V for hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） and 231 mV for oxygen evolution reaction （OER） at 10 mA·cm-2under alkaline condition,respectively,which can be deduced to the modulated electronic structure and unique hierarchica *** addition,a low cell voltage of 1.48 V for OWS was required at 10 mA·cm-2under alkaline condition Meanwhile,RRM/CC exhibited excellent pH-independent durability.

关键词： Bifunctional Electrocatalyst Overall water splitting Ru RuO2

A newly unraveled 13.6-year oscillation from GPS displacements and its potential implications for the dynamic reference frame

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3204-3212页

作者： Hao ding Weiping JIANG School of Geodesy and Geomatics Hubei Luojia LaboratoryWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China GNSS Research Center Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Numerous practical geodetic and geophysical applications necessitate precise measurements of GNSS displacements at the millimeter or sub-millimeter level. To attain such precision, it is imperative to identify and analyze the unidentified decadal signals inherent in the GPS displacements. In this research, we employ the optimal sequence estimation method to effectively detect an about 13.6-year oscillational signal with an excited amplitude of 3.6±1.2 mm in the U-components of the GPS displacements. It is noteworthy that this signal demonstrates a consistent spatial pattern characterized by the spherical harmonic Y_(2,-2). We conduct a comparative analysis with the 13.6-year oscillation observed in length-of-day variations(and geomagnetic records), finding that they are in reverse phase. After eliminating the Earth's external excitation sources through the utilization of two distinct in-situ hydrological records, we suggest that the 13.6-year GPS signal may come from the internal motions within the Earth. However, the specific excitation source and the detailed physical mechanism remain uncertain. Additionally, we develop a mathematical displacement model to explain the 13.6-year signal. Our findings indicate that this signal can result in displacements of up to 1.37 mm and velocity effects of 0.63 mm/yr(for U-component) at maximum. These results underscore the necessity of incorporating this 13.6-year signal into the construction and maintenance of a dynamic reference frame at the millimeter level.

关键词： GPS displacements Decadal changes 13.6-year oscillation Displacement model Dynamic reference frame

Towards human-leveled vision systems

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2331-2349页

作者： ding JianHao HUANG TieJun State Key Laboratory of Multimedia Information Processing School of Computer SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The human visual system is a complex and interconnected network comprising billions of neurons. It plays an essential role in translating environmental light stimuli into information that guides and shapes human perception and action. Research on the visual system aims to uncover the underlying neural structure principles of human visual perception and their possible ***, there are two main approaches: biological system analysis and simulation, artificial intelligence models based on deep learning. Here we aim to discuss the two approaches to human-level vision systems. Deep learning has significantly impacted the field of vision with achievements in representation, modeling, and hardware design. However, there is still a significant gap between deep learning models and the human visual system in terms of scalability, transferability, and sustainability. The progress of the biological visual system can help fill the gap by further understanding the properties and functions of different components of the system. We take the efforts of reconstructing the retina as an example to illustrate that even if we are unable to replicate the visual system on a computer right now, we can still learn a lot by combining existing research outcomes in neuroscience. At the end of the paper, we suggest tracing back to gradually build visual systems from the computational counterpart of biological structures to achieve a human-level vision system in the future.

关键词： human-leveled vision system deep learning biological visual system

Capturing metal clusters at the strong-interaction region to reverse Ostwald ripening

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Science China Materials 2024年第4期67卷 1363-1364页

作者： Shuheng Tian ding Ma Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

High-temperature interactions induce sintering of metal nanoparticles(NPs) on heterogeneous catalyst surfaces, leading to reduced surface area and active site loss through Ostwald ripening [1]. This irreversible deactivation necessitates costly catalyst replacement, notably impacting metals like copper in hydrogenation and reforming reactions [2].

关键词： catalyst reforming irreversible

Long-term functional maintenance of primary hepatocytes in vitro using macroporous hydrogels engineered through liquid-liquid phase separation

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1725-1736页

作者： Yang Sun Sheng yin Jian Cui Zhongxia Wang Yueying Han ding Ma Shuo Wang Junhua Wu yi Cao Chunping Jiang Xiaosong Gu Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory Jinan 250021China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructureKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationMinistry of EducationDepartment of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing 210093China National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Preserving the functionality of hepatocytes in vitro poses a significant challenge in liver tissue engineering and bioartificial liver,as these cells rapidly lose their metabolic and functional characteristics after *** by the macroporous structures found in native liver tissues,here we develop synthetic hydrogel scaffolds that closely mimic the liver’s structural organization through the phase separation between polyethylene glycol(PEG)and *** hydrogels exhibit interconnected macroporous structures and appropriate mechanical properties,providing an optimal microenvironment conducive to hepatocyte adhesion and the formation of sizable *** to two-dimensional hepatocyte cultures,enhanced functionalities of hepatocytes cultured in our macroporous hydrogels were observed for 14 days,as evidenced by quantitative reverse-transcription–polymerase chain reactions(qRT-PCR),immunofluorescence,and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)*** sequencing data further confirmed the establishment of cell–cell interactions among hepatocytes when cultured in our ***,these hepatocytes maintained a protein expression lineage that closely resembled freshly isolated hepatocytes,particularly in the Notch and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling *** results suggest that the macroporous hydrogels are attractive scaffolds for liver tissue engineering.

关键词： liver tissue engineering phase separation hepatocytes macroporous hydrogel