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Characterization of precipitation in the background of atmospheric pollutants reduction in Guilin: Temporal variation and source apportionment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第12期32卷 1-13页

作者： Ling Li Hong Li Liang Peng Yongshan Li Yi Zhou Fahe Chai zhaoyu mo Zhiming Chen Jingying Mao Wenxing Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Guilin Environmental monitoring Center Station Guilin 541002China Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection Nanning 530022China Institute of Environmental and Climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Environmental Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Rainfall samples were collected from three observation sites in Guilin from 2013 to 2017, and the chemical composition characteristics of precipitation and the contribution made by different ion sources were analyzed when atmospheric pollutants levels were reduced. The results showed that acid gas emissions and atmospheric pollutant concentrations continued to decline during the study period. However, the change in the volume-weighted mean p H at the three sites suggested that acid rain pollution was not alleviated and began to deteriorate after 2015. The continuing downward trend for alkaline neutralizing ions(Ca^(2+), NH_4^+) in precipitation indicated that the reduction in alkaline neutralizing substances in the atmosphere was an important factor that led to the deterioration in acid rain across Guilin. The principal component analysis and spearman correlation analysis indicated five sources of ions in precipitation. Quantitative assessment of these five sources indicated that fossil fuel combustion contributed the most ions concentration in precipitation at the three sites, followed by agriculture, terrestrial(crustal) sources, marine sources, and biomass burning. Long-distance airflow might affect the acidity, the electrical conductivity(EC), and ion concentrations in precipitation across Guilin. The airflow trajectory from the west and southeast directions corresponded to higher acidity and ion concentrations. According to the current air pollution control strategy planned by Guilin, reducing atmospheric coarse particles and NH_3 at the same time may potentially lead to further deteriorations in acid rain contents. Therefore, Guilin needs to develop more reasonable pollution prevention measures that synergistically control atmospheric pollutants and acid rain pollution.

关键词： Precipitation chemistry Characterization Source contributions Synergistic control Guilin

Highly time-resolved aerosol characteristics during springtime in Weizhou Island

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第10期72卷 64-74页

作者： Jingying Mao Zhiming Chen zhaoyu mo Xiaoyang Yang Hong Li Yonglin Liu Huilin Liu Jiongli Huang Junchao Yang Hongjiao Li Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer was deployed to measure the changes of single particle species and sizes during March 2015 in Weizhou Island of the Beibu Gulf, Guangxi province, South China. In this campaign, a total of 3,100,597 particles were sized, and 25.8%particles with both positive and negative mass spectrum were collected and 24.8%characterized in combination with the ART-2 a neural network algorithm. The distribution of sized particles was mainly in from 520 to 600 nm, and the diameters ranging from 340 to1000 nm accounted for above 90%. Eight types of particles were classified: Elemental Carbon containing(EC), Organic Carbon containing(OC), EC and OC combined containing particles,Na containing particles, K containing particles(K), Levoglucosan containing particles,mineral containing particles, and Heavy Metal containing particles(HM). EC, OC and K were the major containing particles, which accounted for 84.3% in the eight types particles. The relative ratio and size distribution of the three types were EC(48.1%, 620 nm), OC(12.7%,440 nm), and K(23.5%, 600 nm), respectively. The three types of particles were a bit increasing ratios compared with those in clean periods during haze pollution periods.Combined with the back-trajectory results from the Hysplit-4 model and local pollution sources revealed that the ambient air quality on the Weizhou Island may be influenced by biomass burning in the Indochina Peninsula(biomass burning in the Indochina Peninsula)from the transportation on higher level atmospheric layer and by mainland of south China located northeast of Weizhou Island on the ground.

关键词： Characteristics Transportation Single particle aerosol mass spectrometer Biomass burning Weizhou Island

Online single particle measurement of fireworks pollution during Chinese New Year in Nanning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 184-195页

作者： Jingyan Li Tingting Xu Xiaohui Lu Hong Chen Sergey A.Nizkorodov Jianmin Chen Xin Yang zhaoyu mo Zhiming Chen Huilin Liu Jingying Mao Guiyun Liang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697United States Fudan-Tyndall Center Pudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Guangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences Nanning 530022China

Time-resolved single-particle measurements were conducted during Chinese New Year in Nanning, China. Firework displays resulted in a burst of SO2, coarse mode, and accumulation mode （100-500 nm） particles. Through single particle mass spectrometry analysis, five different types of particles （fireworks-metal, ash, dust, organic carbon-sulfate （OC-sulfate）, biomass burning） with different size distributions were identified as primary emissions from firework displays. The fireworks-related particles accounted for more than 70% of the total analyzed particles during severe firework detonations. The formation of secondary particulate sulfate and nitrate during firework events was investigated on single particle level. An increase of sulfite peak （80SO3） followed by an increase of sulfate peaks （97HSO7＋96SO7） in the mass spectra during firework displays indicated the aqueous uptake and oxidation of SO2 on particles. High concentration of gaseous SO2, high relative humidity and high particle loading likely promoted SO2 oxidation. Secondary nitrate formed through gas-phase oxidation of NO2 to nitric acid, followed by the condensation into particles as ammonium nitrate. This study shows that under worm, humid conditions, both primary and secondary aerosols contribute to the particulate air pollution during firework displays.

关键词： Chinese New YearFireworksParticle typesSecondary process

红土镍矿内配煤压块还原特性及高温熔分制备镍铁

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中国冶金 2024年第3期34卷 37-46页

作者：张蕊薛正良蒋澳德胡智超林国莫昭育武汉科技大学省部共建耐火材料与冶金国家重点实验室湖北武汉430081 武汉科技大学钢铁冶金及资源利用省部共建教育部重点实验室湖北武汉430081 广西北港新材料有限公司研究院广西北海536017

采用内配煤压块预还原-高温熔分工艺从红土镍矿中提取镍铁合金。研究了褐铁矿型和腐泥土型2种不同性质红土镍矿的矿物特性及其对内配煤压块在不同温度下的还原过程中含铁、镍氧化矿物还原失氧的影响规律,分析了预还原产物高温熔分制备... 详细信息

采用内配煤压块预还原-高温熔分工艺从红土镍矿中提取镍铁合金。研究了褐铁矿型和腐泥土型2种不同性质红土镍矿的矿物特性及其对内配煤压块在不同温度下的还原过程中含铁、镍氧化矿物还原失氧的影响规律,分析了预还原产物高温熔分制备镍铁合金产品的含镍品位和有价元素综合收得率与红土镍矿性质和压块C、O原子物质的量之比n(C)/n(O)之间的关系。结果表明,还原温度对腐泥土型红土镍矿内配煤压块的还原影响很大,n(C)/n(O)为1.2的试样在1 200℃下还原30 min后,含铁、含镍矿物才能被充分还原成金属铁和镍,在较低温度(1 100~1 150℃)下即使延长还原时间也不能进一步提高还原率;褐铁矿型红土镍矿内配煤压块在1 150~1 200℃下还原10 min后,含铁、含镍矿物的还原率分别达到90%以上。红土镍矿内配煤压块在1 200℃预还原30 min后,升温到1 600℃保温30 min进行熔分,获得镍铁合金。用褐铁矿型红土镍矿内配煤压块预还原-熔分得到的镍铁合金中,镍含量随压块n(C)/n(O)增加而下降;相反,用腐泥土型红土镍矿内配煤压块预还原-熔分得到的镍铁合金中,镍含量随压块n(C)/n(O)增加而升高。缺碳配煤(n(C)/n(O)≤1.0)可抑制腐泥土型红土镍矿中含铁矿物的还原,但对含镍矿物还原的抑制作用更强,最终影响镍的综合收得率,降低了镍铁合金的镍含量。本研究可为开发新的红土镍矿火法提取技术、高效利用红土镍矿生产镍铁提供指导。

关键词：红土镍矿镍铁合金内配煤压块碳热还原高温熔分

Application of Boron-doped Diamond Film Electrode in Fast Detection of Samonella in Water

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2013年第10期4卷 32-33,36页

作者： Baoying Lv zhaoyu mo Yanping Tang Yanxian Nong Guilin Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute Environmental Protection Research Institute of GuangXi

[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the application of boron-doped diamond （BDD） film electrode in fast detection of samonella in water. [ Method] Boron-doped diamond film electrode was prepared and used as the working electrode in fast detection of salmonella in water using chronoamberometry, and the oxidation mechanism of the electrode acting on salmonella was discussed. [ Result] Compared with traditional biologi- cal methods, chronoamperometry could detect the number of salmonellae in water more simply, rapidly and sensitively. [ Conclusion] The method of using BDD electrode to detect salmonella quantity will be widely applied in future.

关键词： Diamond film electrode Salmonella Fast detection Chronoamperometry China

Fast Counting Research of Escherichia coli in Water Based on Salicylic Acid Culture Solution by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2013年第9期4卷 34-35,38页

作者： Wei Liang zhaoyu mo Baoying Lv Yanxian Nong Guilin Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute Environmental Protection Research Institute of Guangxi

[ Objective] Based on salicylic acid culture solution, high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to rapidly count E. coli in water. [Method] Because E. coli metabolism could produce polyatomic phenol （mainly 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid） in salicylic acid culture solu- tion, and generated amount of polyatomic phenol was proportionate to the number of E. coli, we detected 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid by HPLC. Through linear relationship, the number of E. co/i was calculated, realizing fast counting of E. coli, and detection time only needed 3 h. [ Result] Linearity range of the method detecting E. coli was 5 × 10^4 -5 × 10^10cells/ml, and the detection limit was 1 × 10^4 cells/ml. [ Conclusion] HPLC method realized rapid counting of E. coil Key words E. coli; Fast counting; HPLC; Salicylic acid; China

关键词： E. cofi Fast counting HPLC Salicylic acid China

Kinetics Research on In-situ Rapid Dechlorination of 1,4-dichlorobenzene by Microwave-assisted Raney Ni-Al Alloy Catalyst

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2013年第9期4卷 39-42,46页

作者： Zhiming Chen zhaoyu mo Baoying Lv Hong Xie Li Tang Environmental Protection Research Institute of Guangxi Guangxi Rubber Research Institute

[Objective]The research aimed to study rapid dechlodnation kinetics of 1,4-dichlorobenzene （1,4-DCB） by microwave-assisted Raney Ni -AI alloy catalyst. [ Method] Microwave-assisted Raney Ni -AI alloy catalyst was used for dechlorination of chlorobenzene （CB） and 1,4-DCB to analyze dechlorination kinetics of 1,4-DCB. [ Result] Reductive dechlorination reaction of 1,4-DCB by microwave-assisted Raney Ni- AI alloy catalyst was in accordance of the two-order reaction kinetics. Reaction rate constants of 1,4-DCB dechlorination at 35 and 50 ℃ were 0.037 6 and 0.151 mol/（ L . min）, and the activation energy was 76.66 kJ/mol. By microwave-assisted Raney Ni - AI alloy catalyst, dechlorination rate of 1,4- DCB reached 90% at 10 rain and 35 ℃. moreover, two chlorine atoms were removed simultaneously, reaching the target of efficient dechlorination. [ Condusion] Oechlodnation of polychlodnated organic compounds by microwave-assisted Raney Ni- AI alloy catalyst obtained good effect .

关键词： Microwave-assisted Raney Ni -AI alloy catalyst 1,4-DCB Dechlodnation Kinetics China

南宁市冬季大气PM_(2.5)中有毒重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

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中国热带医学 2024年第2期24卷 157-161页

作者：李忠友毛敬英刘慧琳张达标黄炯丽马金凤秦文霞李荣秀莫招育广西中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院广西南宁530200 广西壮族自治区环境保护科学研究院广西南宁530022

目的探讨南宁市冬季大气细颗粒物(Particulate matter 2.5,PM_(2.5))中有毒重金属污染特征和人群健康风险。方法于2019年1—2月在南宁市城区连续采集大气PM_(2.5)样品,采用X射线荧光光谱法分析PM_(2.5)中镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb... 详细信息

目的探讨南宁市冬季大气细颗粒物(Particulate matter 2.5,PM_(2.5))中有毒重金属污染特征和人群健康风险。方法于2019年1—2月在南宁市城区连续采集大气PM_(2.5)样品,采用X射线荧光光谱法分析PM_(2.5)中镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、镍(Ni)、汞(Hg)和锰(Mn)等7种有毒重金属元素浓度。运用地累积指数法和富集因子法分析重金属元素的污染特征,并采用美国环境保护署的健康风险评价模型评估其对儿童和成人的健康风险。结果南宁市2019年冬季大气PM_(2.5)质量浓度为(44±29)μg/m3,总体处于较低水平。PM_(2.5)中Hg、Cd、As、Cr、Pb均存在不同程度的污染,其中Hg和Cd的污染较重。PM_(2.5)中的Hg和Cd高度富集,Pb中度富集,这3种元素主要来自人为污染。PM_(2.5)中的As、Cr和Ni为轻度富集,同时受自然源和人为源影响。非致癌风险As>Pb>Hg>Cr>Cd>Mn>Ni。3种人群的总非致癌风险均小于1,在可接受范围。致癌风险Cr>As>Cd>Ni,Cr、As和Cd对儿童和成人的致癌风险均在1×10^(-6)~1×10^(-4),儿童总致癌风险(Cr、As、Cd和Ni)>1×10^(-4),具有潜在的致癌风险。结论南宁市2019年冬季大气PM_(2.5)质量浓度及重金属元素处于较低水平,但重金属污染仍然存在,重金属非致癌风险在可接受范围,但在儿童群体中具有潜在致癌风险。

关键词：细颗粒物有毒重金属污染特征健康风险评价南宁

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广西典型行业VOCs排放源成分谱特征

环境化学 2024年第5期43卷 1732-1742页

作者：张达标杨俊超穆奕君毛敬英董慧峪覃纹黄喜寿莫招育粟少丽黄炯丽刘绍刚广西壮族自治区环境保护科学研究院南宁530022 中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室北京100085 广西民族大学化学化工学院林产化学与工程国家民委重点实验室广西高校应用分析化学重点实验室南宁530006

挥发性有机物(VOCs)作为臭氧生成的重要前体物,摸清其排放源成分谱特征,是破解臭氧污染防治难题的关键所在.当前,广西臭氧污染日益凸显,然而VOCs排放底数仍模糊不清.针对此问题,本研究对广西包装印刷、家具制造、汽车维修、岗石制造、... 详细信息

挥发性有机物(VOCs)作为臭氧生成的重要前体物,摸清其排放源成分谱特征,是破解臭氧污染防治难题的关键所在.当前,广西臭氧污染日益凸显,然而VOCs排放底数仍模糊不清.针对此问题,本研究对广西包装印刷、家具制造、汽车维修、岗石制造、人造板制造等5个典型行业VOCs排放进行采样,分析115种VOCs组分,探究其VOCs排放浓度水平、源成分谱特征及臭氧生成潜势.结果表明,包装印刷行业VOCs的浓度相对最高(12.98 mg·m^(−3)),是其余4个行业的2—86倍,其次分别为家具制造(5.72 mg·m^(−3))、汽车维修(1.34 mg·m^(−3))、岗石制造(0.84 mg·m^(−3))、人造板制造(0.15 mg·m^(−3))行业,其中,包装印刷行业排放以烷烃(55.37%)为主,其次是OVOCs(27.51%);家具制造行业以OVOCs(50.98%)排放为主,其次是芳香烃(31.05%);汽车维修行业以芳香烃(32.25%)为主,其次是OVOCs(23.76%);岗石制造行业组成以烷烃(42.43%)排放为主,其次是芳香烃(23.76%);人造板制造行业以OVOCs(52.05%)排放为主,其次是芳香烃(14.32%).臭氧生成潜势计算结果显示,臭氧生成潜势大小依次为家具制造(22.62 mg·m^(−3))>包装印刷(17.24 mg·m^(−3))>汽车维修(4.29 mg·m^(−3))>岗石制造(1.44 mg·m^(−3))>人造板制造(0.50 mg·m^(−3))行业,5个行业中对臭氧生成潜势贡献最大的关键物种依次分别为己醛(44.21%)、2-甲基己烷(9.76%)、间/对-二甲苯(24.61%)、苯乙烯(29.27%)、乙醛(23.86%).针对家具制造、汽车维修、岗石制造、人造板制造行业的VOCs治理及其引起的臭氧污染防控应重点关注臭氧生成潜势贡献率大的关键VOCs物种.

关键词：典型行业挥发性有机物源谱特征广西

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