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Mass screening is a key component to fight against SARS-CoV-2 and return to normalcy

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Medical Review 2022年第2期2卷 197-212页

作者： zhaomin feng Yi Zhang Yang Pan Daitao Zhang Lei Zhang Quanyi Wang Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control BeijingChina Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneAustralia

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had highly transmissible and pathogenic, which caused serious economic loss and hazard topublic health. Different countries have developed strategiesto deal with the COVID-19 pandemic that fit their epidemiological situations, capacities, and values. Mass screeningcombined with control measures rapidly reduced thetransmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The COVID-19pandemic has dramatically highlighted the essential role ofdiagnostics capacity in the control of communicable diseases. Mass screening has been increasingly used to detectsuspected COVID-19 cases and their close contacts, asymptomatic case, patients attending fever clinics, high-riskpopulations, employees, even all population to identifyinfectious individuals. Mass screening is a key component tofight against SARS-CoV-2 and return to normalcy. Here wedescribe the history of mass screening, define the scope ofmass screening, describe its application scenarios, anddiscuss the impact and challenges of using this approach tocontrol COVID-19. We conclude that through a comprehension screening program and strong testing capabilities, massscreening could help us return to normalcy more quickly.

关键词： close contacts diagnostics capacity mass screening SARS-CoV-2

Genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Beijing,China,2021

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第4期4卷 253-257页

作者： zhaomin feng Shujuan Cui Bing Lyu Zhichao Liang Fu Li Lingyu Shen Hui Xu Peng Yang Quanyi Wang Daitao Zhang Yang Pan Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Beijing 100013China

At present,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spread worldwide,which has emerged multiple variants and brought a threat to global public health.To analyze the genomic characteristics and variations of SARS-CoV-2 imported into Beijing,we collected the respiratory tract specimens of 112 cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)from January to September 2021 in Beijing,China,including 40 local cases and 72 imported cases.The whole-genome sequences of the viruses were sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method.Variant markers and phylogenic features of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed.Our results showed that in all 112 sequences,the mutations were concentrated in spike protein.D614G was found in all sequences,and mutations including L452R,T478K,P681R/H,and D950N in some cases.Furthermore,112 sequences belonged to 23 lineages by phylogenetic analysis.B.1.1.7(Alpha)and B.1.617.2(Delta)lineages were dominant.Our study drew a variation image of SARS-CoV-2 and could help evaluate the potential risk of COVID-19 for pandemic preparedness and response.

关键词： Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Variation Genome Phylogenetic analysis

The First Outbreak of Omicron Subvariant BA.5.2—Beijing Municipality,China,July 4,2022

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China CDC weekly 2022年第30期4卷 667-668页

作者： zhaomin feng Ying Shen Shuang Li Jia Li Shaohua Wang Zhenquan Zhang Yunkui Shen Fu Li Yang Pan Quanyi Wang Da Huo Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijingChina Office of Beijing Center for Global Health Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijingChina Yanqing District Center for Disease Prevention and Control BeijingChina.

On July 4,2022,the first case of Omicron subvariant BA.5.2 in Beijing Municipality was discovered in Yanqing District.The case was a 49-yearold Chinese male who had arrived in Shanghai Municipality via international flight DL9927 from North Carolina,U.S.on June 15.He stayed in a hotel for the 14-day arrival quarantine and was discharged on June 30.He arrived in Beijing via domestic flight MU5103 on July 1 and was transferred point-to-point from the airport to his residence community in Yanqing District.On July 3,his sample was collected through community mass screening and reported positive in the next morning.The case had received 3 doses of Moderna’s mRNA vaccines in the U.S.,with the last shot on May 26,2022.

关键词： airport transferred doses

Importation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Beijing,China

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第3期4卷 150-153页

作者： Fu Li Zhichao Liang Shujuan Cui Bing Lv zhaomin feng Hui Xu Lei Jia Peng Yang Quanyi Wang Yang Pan Daitao Zhang Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Beijing 100013China

Omicron(B.1.1.529),the fifth variant of concern(VOC)of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),was firstly identified in November 2021 in South Africa.Omicron contains far more genome mutations than any other VOCs ever found,raising significant concerns about its increased transmissibility and immune evasion.Here,we report the importation of the Omicron variant into Beijing,China,in December 2021.Full‐length genome sequences of five imported strains were obtained,with their genetic features characterized.Each strain contained 57 to 61 nucleotide substitutions,39 deletions,and 9 insertions in the genome.Thirty to thirty‐two amino acid changes were found in the spike proteins of the five strains.The phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method showed that all five imported genomes belonged to Omicron(BA.1)(alias of B.1.1.529.1),which is leading to the current surge of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)cases worldwide.The globally increased COVID‐19 cases driven by the Omicron variant pose a significant challenge to disease prevention and control in China.Continuous viral genetic surveillance and increased testing among international travellers are required to contain this highly contagious variant.

关键词： COVID‐19 SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant Genomic characteristics

A Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Infections with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BF.7.14 and BA.5.2.48-China,October-December 2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第23期5卷 511-515页

作者： Da Huo Tong Yu Ying Shen Yang Pan Fu Li Shujuan Cui Bing Lyu Zhichao Liang Daitao Zhang Peng Yang Quanyi Wang Yue Sun zhaomin feng Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijingChina School of Public Health Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology BeijingChina Beijing Office of Center for Global Health Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijingChina Respiratory and Critical Care Department Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to evolve,the clinical manifestations resulting from different SARS-CoV-2 variants may demonstrate significant variation.What is added by this report?We conducted a comparative analysis of the clinical features associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BF.7.14 and BA.5.2.48 infections.The results of our study indicate that there are no substantial differences in clinical manifestations,duration of illness,healthcare-seeking behaviors,or treatment between these two subvariants.What are the implications for public health practice?Timely identification of alterations in the clinical spectrum is crucial for researchers and healthcare practitioners in order to enhance their comprehension of clinical manifestations,as well as the progression of SARS-CoV-2.Furthermore,this information is beneficial for policymakers in the process of revising and implementing appropriate countermeasures.

关键词： alterations acute respiratory

Dynamic Changes of ORF1ab and N Gene Ct Values in COVID-19 Omicron Inpatients of Different Age Groups—Beijing Municipality,China,November-December 2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第8期5卷 180-183,I0001页

作者： Qing Zhang zhaomin feng Yiwei Hao Lirong Wei Aibin Wang Zhixing Han Meimei Tian Sheng Sun Xin'gang Li Tianjiao Xue Xiangjing Kong Baoliang Li Cheng Kou Quanyi Wang Da Huo Linghang Wang Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control BeijingChina School of Public Health Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology BeijingChina

Introduction:In November 2021,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron variant was identified as the variant of concern and has since spread globally,replacing other cocirculating variants.To better understand the dynamic changes in viral load over time and the natural history of the virus infection,we analyzed the expression of the open reading frames 1ab(ORF1ab)and nucleocapsid(N)genes in patients infected with Omicron.Methods:We included patients initially admitted to the hospital for SARS-CoV-2 infection between November 5 and December 25,2022.We collected daily oropharyngeal swabs for quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tests using commercial kits.We depicted the cycle threshold(Ct)values for amplification of ORF1ab and N genes from individual patients in age-specific groups in a time series.Results:A total of 480 inpatients were included in the study,with a median age of 59 years(interquartile range,42 to 78;range,16 to 106).In the<45-year-old age group,the Ct values for ORF1ab and N gene amplification remained below 35 for 9.0 and 11.5 days,respectively.In the≥80-year-old age group,the Ct values for ORF1ab and N genes stayed below 35 for 11.5 and 15.0 days,respectively,which was the longest among all age groups.The Ct values for N gene amplification took longer to rise above 35 than those for ORF1ab gene amplification.Conclusion:The time to test negative varied among different age groups,with viral nucleic acid shedding taking longer in older age groups compared to younger age groups.As a result,the time to resolution of Omicron infection increased with increasing age.

关键词： patients admitted younger

Application of a ddRT-PCR to quantify seasonal influenza virus for viral isolation

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第5期4卷 299-302页

作者： Yimeng Liu Jiachen Zhao Xiaomin Peng Guilan Lu Weixian Shi zhaomin feng Hui Xu Shujuan Cui Yang Pan Daitao Zhang Peng Yang Quanyi Wang Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing 100013China

Viral isolation in cell cultures has been regarded for decades as the“gold standard”for the laboratory diagnosis of influenza viral infections.Not all viral strains could be isolated from clinical samples.This study aimed to quantify the viral load in the samples before isolation to save working time and improve working efficiency.Four hundred samples from patients with influenza-like cases were confirmed pdmH1N1 positive(200 cases)and B Victoria(BV)positive(200 cases)by whole-genome sequencing and analyzed by ddPCR for viral load in samples before isolation,and isolation results were verified by hemagglutination(HA)assay and hemagglutination-inhibition(HI)tests.Probit regression analysis was used to calculate the isolation viral load limit with a 95%probability level by SPSS 19.0 software.The results showed that the isolation limit of viral load was 4.9×10^(4)(95%CI:2.5×10^(4)–9.0×10^(4))copies/mL for pdmH1N1 and 1.9×10^(4)(95%CI:7.8×103–3.6×10^(4))copies/mL for BV.The isolation rate of clinical samples is positively correlated with the viral load in clinical samples,which can be used for viral culture,providing important guidance for daily work.

关键词： Influenza virus ddRT-PCR Viral load Viral isolation

A Local Cluster of Omicron Variant COVID-19 Likely Caused by Internationally Mailed Document——Beijing Municipality,China,January 2022

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China CDC weekly 2022年第14期4卷 302-304页

作者： Daitao Zhang Shuangsheng Wu Zhenyong Ren Ying Sun Xiangfeng Dou zhaomin feng Fu Li Yi Tian Shujuan Cui Baiwei Liu Bing Lyu Xiaoli Wang feng Liu Lina Jin Chu Jiang Lina Tian Zhenjiang Xin Zhichao Liang Lei Jia Quanyi Wang Yang Pan Peng Yang Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina Haidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina

On January 15,2022,a 26 years old female(Case A)went to a sampling site for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)testing due to excessive fatigue and fever for two days.This patient preliminarily tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)using a quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)method.

关键词： acute respiratory fever

Epidemiology and Genotypic Diversity of Eurasian Avian-Like H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses in China

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第1期36卷 43-51页

作者： zhaomin feng Wenfei Zhu Lei Yang Jia Liu Lijuan Zhou Dayan Wang Yuelong Shu National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health and Family Planning CommissionBeijing 102206China School of Public Health(Shenzhen) Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Eurasian avian-like H1 N1(EA H1 N1)swine influenza virus(SIV)outside European countries was first detected in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Hong Kong,SAR)of China in 2001.Afterwards,EA H1 N1 SIVs have become predominant in pig population in this country.However,the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of EA H1 N1 SIVs in China are still unknown.Here,we collected the EA H1 N1 SIVs sequences from China between 2001 and 2018 and analyzed the epidemic and phylogenic features,and key molecular markers of these EA H1 N1 SIVs.Our results showed that EA H1 N1 SIVs distributed in nineteen provinces/municipalities of China.After a long-time evolution and transmission,EA H1 N1 SIVs were continuously reassorted with other co-circulated influenza viruses,including 2009 pandemic H1 N1(A(H1 N1)pdm09),and triple reassortment H1 N2(TR H1 N2)influenza viruses,generated 11 genotypes.Genotype 3 and 5,both of which were the reassortments among EA H1 N1,A(H1 N1)pdm09 and TR H1 N2 viruses with different origins of M genes,have become predominant in pig population.Furthermore,key molecular signatures were identified in EA H1 N1 SIVs.Our study has drawn a genotypic diversity image of EA H1 N1 viruses,and could help to evaluate the potential risk of EA H1 N1 for pandemic preparedness and response.

关键词： Eurasian avian-like H1N1(EA H1N1)swine influenza viruses(SIV) Epidemiology Genotypes Molecular markers