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Pollutant emissions from biomass burning:A review on emission characteristics,environmental impacts,and research perspectives

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 296-309页

作者： Ke Jiang Ran Xing Zhihan Luo Wenxuan Huang Fan Yi Yatai Men Nan Zhao zhaofeng chang jinfeng Zhao Bo Pan Guofeng shen College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Beijing Key Lab Plant Resources Research and Development Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing100048China College of Ecology and Environment Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Facultyof Environmental Sciences and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyYunnan Provincial Key Laboratoryof Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution ControlKunming650500China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

Biomass is one most abundant resource on the earth providing important energies in support of so-cioeconomic development in many *** of biomass fuels comprises to nearly 10%of the total energy from anthropogenic combustion processes:however,as the burning is usually incomplete,this process yields products of incomplete combustion posing consequently significant impacts on air quality,human health,and climate ***,we analyzed spatiotemporal characteristics in intentional and unintentional biomass burning from different sectors,discussed impacts of biomass burning emissions on indoor and outdoor air quality,and consequent influences on human *** global total con-sumption amount of biomass including both natural and anthropogenic sources was approximately 7900 Tg in 2019,with significantly large regional and sectorial discrepancies among ***,anthropogenic biomass burning amounts increased gradually,but notably in some developing countries like China residential consumption of biomass fuels,as one large sector of biomass use,decreased over *** biomass consumption needs to be accurately *** are relatively rich datasets of pollutant emission factors from biomass burning,including laboratory and field tests,but still large variations exit and contribute substantially to the uncertainty in emission *** pri-mary PM2.5,black carbon and organic carbon emissions from biomass burning were about 51,4.6,and 29 Tg,respectively,contributing to nearly 70%,55%,and 90%of the total emission from all sources,and emissions from the residential sector and open fires are major *** carbon emissions from biomass burning attracts growing interests but available studies adopted different methodologies challenging the comparability of those *** burning emissions polluted not only ambient air but more severely indoor air quality,adversely affecting human *** studies that should be emphasiz

关键词： Biomass burning Carbonaceous aerosol Emission Air quality Human health

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Differences in response of desert plants of different ecotypes to climate warming:a case study in Minqin, Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第2期4卷 140-150页

作者： zhaofeng chang ShuJuan ZHU FuGui HAN ShengNian ZHONG Minqin National Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem Studies Minqin 733300 China Gansu Key Laboratory of Desertification Combating Lanzhou 730070 China Gansu Desert Control Research Institute Lanzhou 730070 China

Globally climates are warming. How do desert plants of different ecotypes respond to the climate change？ This paper studied the differing responses to climate warming shown by desert plants of different ecotypes through analyzing the phenology and meteorological data of 22 desert plant species growing in Minqin Desert Bo- tanical Garden in Northwest China during the period 1974-2009. The results indicate：（1） The temperature in the study area has risen quickly since 1974, and plants＇ growing periods became longer. The spring phenology of mesophytes advanced, and the autumn phenology of xerophytes was delayed; （2） The starting dates of spring phenophase of mesophytes and xerophytes differed significantly and both showed an advancing trend; （3） The spring phenology of mesophytes advanced by more days than that of xerophytes, whereas the autumn phenology of mesophytes was delayed by less days than that of the xerophytes; and （4） Mesophytes are more sensitive than xerophytes to rising temperature in spring and falling temperature in autumn. These findings are of value in plant management and regional introduction of different species.

关键词： desert plants plant phenology phenophases ecotypes climate warming Minqin

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Progress and Problems of Development Research and Application of Sand Barriers

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2018年第3期9卷 18-23,29页

作者： chang zhaofeng Liu Shizeng Wang Qi Liu Shujuan Wang Fei Gansu Desert Control Research Institute Lanzhou 730070China

Due to the restrictions on the conditions for afforestation and sand control,the development research,and application of sand barriers have accelerated in recent years,but some problems that cannot be ignored have emerged in practice. In this paper,the functions of wind prevention,sand blocking and fixation,improving soil physical and chemical properties and increasing plant diversity of sand barriers,accretion coefficient and capacity between sand barriers,and mobile sand barriers were analyzed firstly,and then several issues that should be noted in the development and application of sand barriers were proposed. The results show that sand barriers can fix sand on the spot and maintain the stability of sand surface. As an auxiliary measure before afforestation on a mobile sand surface,they are practical and feasible. The biggest drawback of sand barriers is that they are easy to be saturated. Although they can increase plant diversity and surface roughness,they lose the function of blocking sand flow after being saturated,and their function of in-situ sand fixation also rapidly decreases with the degradation of sand barriers. Mobile sand barriers overcome the disadvantage of sand barriers being easy to be saturated to some extent,but the cost greatly increases. In terms of desertification prevention and control by plants,plants are used as sand barriers to study their functions of sand blocking and sand fixation in many researches and practices,but the more important ecological functions of adjusting temperature on sand surface and achieving surface thermodynamic equilibrium of plants are ignored.

关键词： Sand barriers Development research Progress Problems

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甘肃河西60年防沙治沙的问题及出路

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干旱区资源与环境 2019年第9期33卷 152-159页

作者：常兆丰甘肃省治沙研究所

我国的防沙治沙工作从上世纪50年代末开始,甘肃河西走廊的防沙治沙与全国同步,在一定程度上代表了我国防沙治沙的发展过程和发展水平。甘肃河西走廊的防沙治沙自创建以来,经过了上世纪50年代末60年代初的基础调查与试验探索阶段、60年... 详细信息

我国的防沙治沙工作从上世纪50年代末开始,甘肃河西走廊的防沙治沙与全国同步,在一定程度上代表了我国防沙治沙的发展过程和发展水平。甘肃河西走廊的防沙治沙自创建以来,经过了上世纪50年代末60年代初的基础调查与试验探索阶段、60年代后期-70年代中期以营造乔木林为主阶段和70年代中期-90年代以营造灌木林为主阶段,目前正处在20世纪以来以封育保护为主的阶段。存在的问题主要是水资源退化和固沙林大面积衰退。未来出路探讨,1)下阶段的突破口在哪里 2)以治标为主转向以治本为主;3)以沙区资源利用促进沙漠化防治;4)沙产业是必由之路。同时提出几点可供参考的启示。

关键词：河西走廊防沙治沙问题出路

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Health Sequence of Plant Community of Sand-accumulation Belt at the Upwind Edge of Minqin Oasis

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Journal of Landscape Research 2020年第3期12卷 65-69,74页

作者： chang zhaofeng ZHU Shujuan DUAN Xiaofeng ZHAO Peng ZHANG Jianhui Gansu Desert Control Research Institute LanzhouGansu 730070China

A sand-accumulation belt came into being during the process of desert control in recent 60 years at the edge of oasis,especially at the upwind places in desert area in Hexi Corridor of *** them,the sand-accumulation belt at the edge of Minqin Oasis is relatively typical and the most *** vegetation on the sand-accumulation belt is not only the formation factor of the sand-accumulation belt,but also an important factor to maintain the stability of the sand-accumulation *** a certain sense,the health status of the vegetation of the sand-accumulation belt determines the stability of the sand-accumulation *** order to analyze the vegetation status of the sand-accumulation belt,the health sequence analysis of the plant community was carried out of sand-accumulation belt at the edge of Minqin Oasis,by setting 11 lines of equal spacing of sand-accumulation belt at the edge of Minqin Oasis,and through the vegetation survey of more than 60 *** vegetation on the sand-accumulation belt at the edge of Minqin Oasis is generally *** for the health sequence of this study,the health status of vegetation of the sand-accumulation belt formed by artificial sand fixation forest is better than that of vegetation of the sand-accumulation belt formed by natural shrub at the edge of Minqin *** health status of vegetation of the sand-accumulation belt of mixed forest of arbor and shrub is the worst at the edge of Minqin *** dominant species Tamarix laxa on the sand-accumulation belt in the lower reaches of the oasis are seriously withered,and their health is the *** is potential danger of the sand-accumulation belt being blown and *** abandonment of farmland,protection of protection forest and sand-accumulation belt at the edge of farmland in sand area is a new problem,which is worth considering.

关键词： The edge of oasis Sand-accumulation belt Plant community Health Minqin

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Stability and Ecological Effects of Main Plant Communities in Minqin Desert Area

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2015年第3期7卷 191-196页

作者： chang zhaofeng Duan Xiaofeng Han Fugui Zhong Shengnian Wang Qiangqiang Zhang Jianhui Gansu Desert Control Research Institute Minqin National Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem Studies

[ Objective ] To elucidate the change trend in stability and ecological effects of plant communities in desert along with global wanning. [ Method ] The data of site-specific observation on five main plant communities at ten plots in Minqin desert area were used to analyze the stability and ecological effects of desert plant communities by using two indicators vegetation coverage and projective cover degree. [ Results ] The vegetation coverage of Artemisia arenaria and Ephedra przewalskii, and the projective cover degree of A. arenaria and man-made Haloxylon ammodendron forest decreased remarkably; and the vegetation coverage of Ni- traria tangutorum was also decreased to some extent. [ Conduslon] （1） The plant communities with poor vegetation coverage gives a relatively strong stability, while that with high vegetation coverage has a relatively poor stability; （2） the yearly precipitation is the determinant of vegetation coverage and projective cover deglee; （3） the ecological function is found to be most remarkable in per unit area N. tangutorum, followed by E. przewalskii and N. tangutorum ＋H. ammodendron, and least in per unit area A. Arenaria. The vegetation is sparse in desert and plant branches does not distribute regularly, thus the crown-based vegetation coverage can not reflect the actual surface coverage.

关键词： Plant communities Stability Ecological effects Minqin desert area

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Temperature Regulation Effect of Desert Vegetation in Minqin Desert Area

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2016年第6期8卷 364-368页

作者： chang zhaofeng Zhang Xiaojuan Wang Qi Zhang Dekui Duan Xiaofeng Shi Xuegang Gansu Desert Control Research Institute Lanzhou 730070 China College of Forestry Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 China

[ Objective] The paper was to study the effects of desert vegetation on temperature regulation and stabilization in desert area. [ Method] The survey data of quadrats in five kinds of plant communities in Minqin desert area were preliminarily estimated. [Result] Desert vegetation had the ecological functions of regulating desert temperature and stabilizing sharp increase of temperature, especially the irreplaceable ecological function of slowing down sandstorm each spring in northwest China compared to physical sand-fixatian measures. The air humidity in forest region was relatively large, and the climate was more stable. The climate in desert area was dry, with intense changes in air temperature. Although the solar radiation utilization rate of desert vegetation per unit area in Minqin oasis fringe was 5.8% of that of 100% coverage vegetation, it had non-ignorable significance in regulating temperature of local desert. Regulating temperature was one of the ecological functions of desert vegetation. Previous studies only considered wind proof and sand-fixation functions of desert vegetation, but ignored its temperature regulation effect, and this was the ecological function of vegetation sand control different from physical sand-fixation measures such as sand barrier. [ Conclusion] It has important theoretical guiding significance and practical use value for prevention and control of desertification by studying ecological function of desert plants/vegetation.

关键词： Sand-fixatian forest Regulating air temperature Ecological function Sandstorm Minqin desert area

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Particle Size of Barchan Dune in Hexi Desert Area and Its Relationship with Wind Speed

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2016年第4期8卷 239-245页

作者： chang zhaofeng Han Shenghui Tang Jinnian Wang Qi Zhang Dekui Zhang Jianhui Wang Qiangqiang Gansu Desert Control Research Institute Lanzhou 730070 China

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the particle size characteristics of barchan dune and its formation mechanism in Hexi desert area d Gansu. [ Method] Through particle size measurement and wind speed flow field observation d dune, the particle size differences of various sampling plots and various parts of dune were analyzed using analysis of variance, and the relationship between particle size and wind speed was analyzed using correlation coefficient method. [ Result] （ 1 ） Barehan dune and barehan chains in Hexi desert area of Gansu were mainly consisted of fine sands and medium sands at the depth of 0 -5 cm： the sand particle in Gulang desert area was fine, which had significant difference with that in Jinchang, Linze, Jinta and Minqin desert areas. （2） Medium sands gradually increased from the bottom of windward slope to the dune peak in both barchan dune and barchan chain. On the windward slope of barehan dune, fine sands gradual- ly increased from the middle to both sides, while coarse sands and medium sands gradually decreased. On the windward slope of barehan chain, fine sands first de- creased then increased from the middle to NE side, but first increased then decreased from the middle to SW side. （3） In terma of particle size, there were great variations between fine sands and coarse sands ; for dune parts, there were great variations between dune peak and leewant slope toe; for dune types, the variation of fine sands in various parts of barchan chain was greater than that of barchan dune, while differentiation degree of medium sands and fine sands was greater than that of barchan dune. The particle size of fine sands was positively correlated with wind speed, and that of medium sands was negatively correlated with wind speed. [ Conclusion] The formation environment of particle size of berehan dune mainly included sand source and dynmnic source, and wind speed was the dynamic source for particle size distribution of barchan dune.

关键词： Barchan dune Barehan chain Particle size Wind speed Heixi desert area of Gansu

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Ecological Effects of Accumulated Sand-belts along the Oasis Fringe in Hexi of Gansu

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2014年第3期6卷 107-112页

作者： chang zhaofeng Zhang Jianhui Wang Qiangqiang Zhu Shujuan Zhang Dabiao Fan Baoli Tang Jinnian Liu Shizeng Gansu Key Laboratory of Desertification Combating Minqin National Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem Studies Gansu Desert Control Research Institute

The accumulated sand-belts have formed along the oasis fringe, especially at the upwind areas of the desert area in Gansu Hexi of China during the process of desert control in recent 60 years. The accumulated sand-belt is a byproduct of desertifieation combating through afforestation and barriers-setting. This pa- per analyzed the data （ including wind velocity/direction） of 21 sites on the accumulated sand-belt to evaluate its stability and ecological effects. The results showed that the accumulated sand-belt is in a stable state. It plays a significant role in weakening wind and this effect is enhanced with the increase of wind velocity. The height of accumulated sand-belt is an important factor characterizing its windproof function. When the wind velocity is higher than 2 m/s, the windproof area in the downwind places is 20 times greater than the height of the accumulated sand-beh. When the wind velocity is higher than 8 m/s, the wind velocity on the top of the accumulated sand-belt is less than that in the upwind open areas. When the air flow reaches the windward slope, its energy is released and reduced by uplifting along the slope and diversion towards the two wings. Wind deflector reduces the velocity of the prevailing wind on the windward slope.

关键词： Height of accumulated sand-belt Stability Protective effects Gansu Hexi

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Global Warming:Increases in the Instability of Climate in Minqin Desert Area

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2016年第6期7卷 1-7,12页

作者： Zhang Dabiao chang zhaofeng Wang Dawei Han Fugui Duan Xiaofeng Wang Qiangqiang Zhang Jianhui Gansu Desert Control Research Institute Lanzhou 730070 China

The instability of climate in Minqin desert area during the process of global warming was analyzed based on meteorological data during 1961-2013. The results show that the instability of monthly average temperature in January and April increased. Isothermal date in February was 10.36 d earlier from 1961 to 2013. The instability of extreme maximum temperature in December and January enhanced. The instability of extreme minimum temperature in July increased. The coefficient of variation of extreme minimum temperature in May was up to 287.3%. The instability of average precipitation in January enhanced. At the same time,the stability of annual average precipitation increased. The stability of climate is more worthy of attention.

关键词： Global warming Desert climate Instability Minqin China

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