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Growth of nitrate contribution to aerosol pollution during wintertime in Xi'an,northwest China:Formation mechanism and effects of NH_(3)

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 303-315页

作者： hui Su Ting Zhang Suixin Liu Yao Qu Huan Li Jiamao Zho. Zhuzi zhao Qiyuan Wang Lu Li Minxia Shen Shuoyuan Chen Steven Sai Hang ho.Junji Cao State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology.Key Laboratory ofAerosol Chemistry and Plhysics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Acadery of SciencesXi'an 710061China Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi'an 710061China National pbservation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Cornprehensive Management in the Guanzho.g Plain Xi'an 710061China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Atmospheric and Haze fog Pollution Prevention Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Scho.l of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou 213001China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteReno NV89512United States Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

With the strengthened controls on SO2 emissions and extensive increases in motor vehicles'exhaust,aerosol pollution shifts from sulfate-rich to nitrate-rich in recent years in Xi'an,*** further gain insights into the factors on nitrate formation and efficiently mitigate air pollution,highly time-resolved observations of water-soluble inorganic ions(WSIIs)in PM_(2.5) were measured in a suburban area of Xi'an,China during *** concentration of total WSIIs is 39.8μg m-3 on average,accounting for 50.3%of PM_(2.5) *** contrast to a slight decrease in the mass fraction of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)-sho.s a sig-nificant increase of the PM_(2.5) contribution with the aggravation of aerosol *** suggests the importance of NO_(3)-formation to haze ***,ho.ogeneous reactions govern the formation of NO_(3)-,while alkali metals such as calcium and sodium play an additional role in retaining NO_(3)-in PM_(2.5) during clean ***,the heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction contributed more to NO_(3)-formation during the pollution periods under high relative *** investigation reveals that temperature,relative humidity,oxidant,and ammonia emissions facilitate rapid NO_(3)-*** the random forest(RF)model,NO_(3)-concentrations were successfully simulated with measured variables for the training and testing datasets(R2>0.95).Among these variables,CO,NH_(3),and NO_(2) were found to be the main factors affecting the NO_(3)-*** with the period witho.t vehicle re-striction,the contributions of NO_(3)-and NH4+to PM_(2.5) mass decreased by 5.3%and 3.4%in traffic re-striction periods,*** vehicle restriction leads to the decreases of precursor gases of NO_(2),SO_(2),and NH_(3) by 12.8%,5.9%,and 27.6%,*** results demonstrate collaborative emission reduction of NO_(x) and NH_(3) by vehicle restrictions,and using new energy vehicles(or electric vehicles)can effectively alleviate particul

关键词： PM_(2.5) Water-soluble inorganic ions Nitrate formation Excess ammonium Vehicle restrictions

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Double-chambered left ventricle with a thrombus in an asymptomatic patient:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第2期12卷 460-465页

作者： Narae Kim In-ho.Yang hui-Jeong Hwang Il-Suk Sohn Department of Medicine Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul 02447South Korea Department of Cardiology Kyung Hee University Hospital at GangdongSeoul 05278South Korea

BACKGROUND Double-chambered left ventricle(DCLV)is an extremely rare congenital disease in which the left ventricle(LV)is divided by abnormal muscle *** to its rarity,there is a lack of data on the disease,including its diagnosis,treatment,and ***,we report a case in which DCLV was diagnosed and followed *** SUMMARY A 45-year-old man presented to our ho.pital due to abnormal findings on an electrocardiogram recorded during a health *** had no specific cardiac symptoms,comorbidities or relevant past medical *** revealed that the LV was divided into two by muscle *** were no findings of ischemia on coronary angiography and coronary computed tomography angiography performed to exclude differential *** comprehensive analysis of the images,DCLV was *** it seemed to be asymptomatic DCLV,we decided the patient was to be observed witho.t administering any ***,follow-up echo.ardiography revealed a thrombus in the accessory chamber(AC).Anticoagulant medication was initiated,the thrombus resolved,and the patient is currently undergoing follow-up witho.t any specific *** Asymptomatic,uncomplicated DCLV was diagnosed through multimodal imaging;ho.ever,a thrombus in the AC occurred during the *** findings highlight that multimodal imaging is essential in diagnosing DCLV,and that anticoagulation is important in its management.

关键词： Double-chambered left ventricle Congenital heart disease Left ventricular aneurysm Echo.ardiography Coronary computed tomography angiography Contrast echo.ardiography Case report

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Phase evolution,hydrogen storage thermodynamics,and kinetics of ternary Mg_(98)ho.(1.5)Fe_(0.5) alloy

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1800-1808,I0006页

作者： Jinming Liu hui Yong Yang zhao Shuai Wang Yiwan Chen Baosheng Liu Jifan Hu Yanghuan Zhang College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan030024China China Institute of Ocean Engineering(Tsing Tao) Qingdao266000China Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Baiyun Obo Multi-Metal Resources Inner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotou014010China

Rare earth elements and transition metals have been found to improve the hydrogen storage characteristics of magnesium-based *** study investigated the Mg-ho.Fe(MHF) ternary alloy prepared using the vacuum induction melting technique.X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),pressure-composition-temperature(PCT),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) were used to analyze the alloy's phase transitions,microstructure,thermodynamics,and kinetic *** results reveal that the Mg_(98)ho.(1.5)Fe_(0.5) alloy forms a solid solution with ho.and Fe in the magnesium *** hydrogen absorption,the activated alloy transforms into a mixture of Mg/MgH_(2) phases and nanoscale ho._(2) ***,only the MgH_(2) phase decomposes during hydrogen desorption,while the ho._(2) phase remains unchanged,exhibiting a positive catalytic *** alloy demonstrates excellent hydrogen absorption kinetics,achieving a capacity of 5.56 wt% H_(2) within 10 min at 360℃,owing to the combined catalytic effects of ho.and *** activation energy for hydrogen desorption is found to be 135.87 kJ/mol,which is lower than that of the activation energies of pure MgH_(2) and MgFe alloys,indicating an enhancement in desorption ***,the enthalpy and entropy changes for hydrogen absorption and desorption are determined to be-70.51 kJ/mol H_(2),-125.62 J/(K·mol) H_(2),72.83 kJ/mol H_(2),and 128.95 J/(K·mol) H_(2),***,it is worth noting that the thermodynamic properties of the alloy are improved due to the catalytic effect of ho.and Fe.

关键词： Rare earths Magnesium-based hydrogen storage Hydrogen storage thermodynamics Hydrogen storage kinetics

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Comparing 11 early warning scores and three sho.k indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 273-282页

作者： Rex Pui Kin Lam Zonglin Dai Eric ho.Yin Lau Carrie Yuen Ting Ip ho.Ching Chan Lingyun zhao Tat ChiTsang Matthew Sik ho. Tsui Timothy Hudson Rainer Department of Emergency Medicine School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Scho.l of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory performance of 11 vital sign-based early warning scores(EWSs)and three sho.k indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department(ED).METho.S:We performed a retrospective study on consecutive adult patients with an infection over 3 months in a public ED in ho.g *** primary outcome was sepsis(Sepsis-3 definition)within 48 h of ED *** c-statistics and the DeLong test,we compared 11 EWSs,including the National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS2),Modified Early Warning Score,and Worthing Physiological Scoring System(WPS),etc.,and three sho.k indices(the sho.k index[SI],modified sho.k index[MSI],and diastolic sho.k index[DSI]),with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome(SIRS)and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)in predicting the primary outcome,intensive care unit admission,and mortality at different time ***:We analyzed 601 patients,of who. 166(27.6%)developed ***2 had the highest point estimate(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve[AUROC]0.75,95%CI 0.70-0.79)and was significantly better than SIRS,qSOFA,other EWSs and sho.k indices,except WPS,at predicting the primary ***,the pooled sensitivity and specificity of NEWS2≥5 for the prediction of sepsis were 0.45(95%CI 0.37-0.52)and 0.88(95%CI 0.85-0.91),*** discriminatory performance of all EWSs and sho.k indices declined when used to predict mortality at a more remote time ***:NEWS2 compared favorably with other EWSs and sho.k indices in early sepsis prediction but its low sensitivity at the usual cut-off point requires further modification for sepsis screening.

关键词： Sepsis Emergency department Clinical prediction rule Early warning score Sho.k index

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Elaborations of the influencing factors on the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols in a heavily polluted urban area of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 406-417页

作者： Shuang Wang Qiyuan Wang Ting Zhang Suixin Liu Steven Sai Hang ho.Jie Tian hui Su Yong Zhang Luyao Wang Tingting Wu Junji Cao Scho.l of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzho.g Plain Xi’an 710061China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNevada89512United States ho.g Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory KowloonHong Kong SARChina Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In this study,online water-soluble inorganic ions were detected to deduce the formation mechanism of secondary inorganic aerosol in Xianyang,China during *** dominant inorganic ions of sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))(the sum of tho.e is abbreviated as SNA)accounted for 17%,21%,and 12% of PM_(2.5)mass,*** the air quality deteriorated from excellent to poor grades,the precursor gas sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))of SO_(4)^(2-)increased and then decreased with a fluctuation,while nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))and ammonia(NH_(3)),precursors of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),and SNA sho. increasing *** factors including boundary layer height(BLH),temperature,and wind speed also sho. decline trends,except relative humidity(RH).Meanwhile,the secondary conversion ratio sho.s a remarkable increasing trend,indicating that there was a strong secondary *** the perspective of chemical mechanisms,RH is positively correlated with sulfur oxidation ratios(SOR),nitrogen oxidation ratios(NOR),and ammonia conversion ratios,representing that the increase of humidity could promote the generation of ***,SOR and NOR were also positively related to the *** the one hand,the low wind speed and BLH led to the accumulation of *** the other hand,the increases of RH and ammonia promoted more formations of SNA and PM_(2.5).The results advance our identification of the contributors to the haze episodes and assist to establish more efficient emission controls in Xianyang,in addition to other cities with similar emission and geographical characteristics.

关键词： Haze episodes Secondary inorganic aerosol Secondary conversion ratio Meteorological factors

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The mediatory role of water quality on the association between extreme precipitation events and infectious diarrhea in the Yangtze River Basin,China

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 495-504页

作者： Junfeng Yu Liang zhao Xin-Zho.g Liang Hung Chak ho.Masahiro Hashizume Cunrui Huang Scho.l of Public Health Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA Department of Public and International Affairs City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan Vanke Scho.l of Public Health Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Healthy China Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Extreme precipitation is exacerbating the burden of infectious diarrhea in the context of climate change,it is necessary to identify the critical and easy-to-intervene intermediate factors for public health *** quality may be the most important mediator,while relevant empirical evidence is *** study aimed to examine the role of water quality in the process of infectious diarrhea caused by extreme *** infectious diarrhea cases,meteorological factors and water quality data in Yangtze River Basin in China between October 29,2007 to February 19,2017 were ***-stage statistical models were used to estimate city-specific extreme precipitation,water quality and infectious diarrhea relationships that were pooled to derive regional estimates.A causal mediation analysis was used to assess the mediation effect of water *** Yangtze River Basin,extreme precipitation events had a significant impact on infectious diarrhea(Incidence Rate Ratios[IRR]:1.027,95%Confidence Interval[CI]:1.013~1.041).After extreme precipitation events,the dissolved oxygen(DO)in surface water decreased(-0.123 mg/L,95%CI:-0.159 mg/L~-0.086 mg/L),while the un-ionized ammonia(NH(3)-N)increased(0.004 mg/L,95%CI:0.001 mg/L~0.006 mg/L).The combined overall effect of DO and NH(3)-N on infectious diarrhea sho.ed that both low and high concentrations were associated with an increased risk of infectious *** causal mediation analysis sho.ed that the mediation proportion of the two water quality indexes(DO and NH(3)-N)is 70.54%(Pho.e that take into account more direct and easy-to-intervene water quality indicators sho.ld be encouraged by future policies.

关键词： Extreme precipitation Infectious diarrhea Water quality Dissolved oxygen Un-ionized ammonia Mediation analysis

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Supramolecular Manipulation of Intracellular Acidic Vesicles to Improve Cellular Self-Repair and Self-Defense

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1487-1498页

作者： Ziyi Wang Chen Sun Yu Dong Yuan-Fu Ding Chen zhao Ian Wa ho.Jiaho.g Lu Ruibing Wang State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China

Lysosomes are the“cell stomach”that digests various species including macromolecules and patho.ens for self-repair and self-defense upon fusion with endosomes,autophagosomes,and ***,artificially manipulating intracellular vesicles could potentially promote lysosome-mediated intracellular digestion for disease prevention and ***,a supramolecular strategy to efficiently tether and fuse acidic vesicles(i.e.,lysosomes,late endosomes,autolysosomes,and phagosomes)has been developed for the first time to enhance the digestion of cellular wastes and foreign matter,including patho.ens.A linear polyethylene glycol(PEG)derivative dually tagged with morpho.ine(MOR)and adamantane(ADA)on the opposite side,namely,MOR-PEG-ADA,was designed to target intracellular acidic vesicles via MOR and to decorate their surfaces with ***,the addition of cucurbit[7]uril(CB[7])grafted hyaluronic acid(HA)induced supramolecular tethering and fusion of acidic vesicles via strong ho.t-guest interactions between CB[7]of CB[7]-HA and ADA residing on the surface of acidic *** a proof-ofconcept,the overall cellular metabolism,including endogenous autophagy and the exogenous endocytosis and phagocytosis,was effectively upregulated,demonstrating that supramolecular regulation of the dynamics of intracellular acidic vesicles may promote the lysosome’s digestion to significantly improve cellular self-repair and self-defense.

关键词： supramolecular chemistry organelle regulation intracellular acidic vesicles lysosomes selfdefense self-repair

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Polarity-controllable magnetic skyrmion filter

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第10期33卷 400-404页

作者： Xiao-Lin Ai hui-Ting Li Xue-Feng Zhang Chang-Feng Li Je-ho.Shim Xiao-Ping Ma ho.g-Guang Piao Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-Field Detection College of ScienceChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Department of Physics College of ScienceYanbian UniversityYanji 133002China

The skyrmion generator is one of the indispensable components for the future functional skyrmion devices,but the process of generating skyrmion cannot avoid mixing with other magnetic textures,such as skyrmionium and nested skyrmion *** mixed magnetic textures will inevitably lead to the blockage of skyrmion transport and even the distortion of data ***,the design of an efficient skyrmion filter is of great significance for the development of skyrmion-based spintronic *** this work,a skyrmion filter scheme is proposed,and the high-efficiency filtering function is demonstrated by micromagnetic *** results sho. that the filtering effect of the scheme depends on the structure geometry and the spin current density that drives the *** on this scheme,the polarity of the filtered skyrmion can be controlled by switching the magnetization state at the output end,and the“cloning”of the skyrmion can be realized by geometric optimization of the *** believe that in the near future,the skyrmion filter will become one of the important components of skyrmion-based spintronic devices in the future.

关键词： spintronics skyrmions skyrmion filter skyrmion polarity skyrmion clone

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Enhancing pho.odynamic inactivation via tunning spatial constraint on pho.osensitizer

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 652-663页

作者： Cho.g Li Minghao Han Ji Gao Shuxian Wang Song-Bo Lu Yaxi Li zhao Liu Chen Zhang zhaojin Wang Fangliang Wang Yuang Sun Chun Loong ho.Kai Wang Yun Shen Kai Li Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced BiomaterialsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California RiversideRiverside92521USA Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China

The critical factor of spatial constraint,provided by the external confinement(e.g.,matrix),is often overlooked during pho.odynamic inactivation,despite playing a crucial role in determining the molecular pho.ophysical process and subsequent antipatho.en ***,as a proof-of-concept model,we employed two types of polymers with varying interaction energies with dopants to investigate the intrinsic relationship between spatial constraint and the essential excited-state behaviors of doped pho.osensitizer(4-(2-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)ethyl)-1-methylquinolin-1-ium iodine,TPP).Through experimental investigation and theoretical calculations,we found that TPP tends to remain in the excited state for a sho.ter dwell time under weaker spatial constraints due to less restricted molecular motion in polyurethane(PU) ***,the singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)) generated from doped-TPP sho.s a 9.23-fold enhancement in PU than in the polyvinylchloride(PVC) *** light irradiation,the PU@TPP nanofiber can efficiently eliminate the coronavirus MHV-A59(≥99.9997%) at a 220,000-fold higher concentration than the infected *** antibacterial efficacy has also been demonstrated,with a killing rate of ≥99%.

关键词： pho.odynamic antibacterial singlet oxygen triphenylamine nanofiber

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Pho.o-induced Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Strained Organic Cage Containing Ortho.onally Arranged Donors and Acceptors

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第8期6卷 1920-1928页

作者： Jingxuan Yang Run Shi Liang-Liang Mao ho.gyan Xiao Yi Zeng Guoho.g Liao Yuxiang Weng Xu-Bing Li Jiaqi zhao Yunxuan zhao Tierui Zhang Chen-ho.Tung Li-Zhu Wu Huan Cong Key Laboratory of Pho.ochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory of Soft Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 Binzho. Institute of Technology Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology ParkBinzhou CityShandong 256606 Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory DongguanGuangdong 523808

Designing and creating molecular structures with precisely organized organic chromopho.es as donors and acceptors are critical for exploring pho.o-induced charge transfer *** and acceptor moieties can be incorporated to the confined skeletons of organic cages,thereby offering opportunities tomanipulate excited state characters for the development of novel pho.ofunctional ***,we present the convergent synthesis and pho.ophysical characterizations of an organic cage with anisotropic *** strained and rigid cage can be concisely prepared by connecting two distinct macrocycles through axial stacking strategy,featuring triarylamine and amide moieties as separate donors and acceptors,***-state and time-resolved spectra reveal pho.o-induced through-space intramolecular charge transfer and long-lived charge separation,thereby verifying the cage’s pho.ocatalytic utility for efficient hydrogen production.

关键词： organic cage macrocycles pho.oinduced charge transfer through-space pho.ocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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