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Synergy between CSST galaxy survey and gravitational-wave observation: Inferring the Hubble constant from dark standard sirens

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 7-19页

作者： ji-Yu Song Ling-Feng Wang Yichao Li Ze-Wei zhao jing-Fei zhang Wen zhao Xin zhang Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics(Liaoning)&College of Sciences Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China CAS Key Laboratory for Researches in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry(Ministry of Education) Northeastern Universty Shenyang 110819China

Gravitational waves(GWs) from compact binary coalescences encode the absolute luminosity distances of GW sources. Once the redshifts of GW sources are known, one can use the distance-redshift relation to constrain cosmological parameters. One way to obtain the redshifts is to localize GW sources by GW observations and then use galaxy catalogs to determine redshifts from a statistical analysis of redshift information of the potential host galaxies, commonly referred to as the dark siren method. The third-generation(3G) GW detectors are planned to work in the 2030s and will observe numerous compact binary coalescences.Using these GW events as dark sirens requires high-quality galaxy catalogs from future sky survey projects. The China Space Station Telescope(CSST) will be launched in 2024 and will observe billions of galaxies within a 17500 deg^(2) survey area with redshift up to z ~ 4, providing photometric and spectroscopic galaxy catalogs. In this work, we simulate the CSST galaxy catalogs and the 5-year GW data from the 3G GW detectors and combine them to infer the Hubble constant(H_(0)). Our results show that the measurement precision of H0could reach the sub-percent level, meeting the standard of precision cosmology. We conclude that the synergy between CSST and the 3G GW detectors is of great significance in measuring the Hubble constant.

关键词： CSST galaxy survey galaxy catalogs gravitational waves dark sirens the Hubble constant

Enhanced thermoelectric and mechanical properties of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 alloy with dispersed yttrium oxide ceramic nanoparticles

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1758-1768页

作者： Cun-Cheng Li Ming-Wei zhang ji-Wu Xin Lei Wei Wen-Yu zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology

Reducing thermal conductivity while avoiding adverse interfacial reactions during sintering is crucial for improving the thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3-based composites.Inert ceramic nanoparticles are good candidates for achieving this goal.In this study,we designed and prepared a series of p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3nanocomposites decorated with Y2O3ceramic nanoparticles via ball-milling dispersion and spark-plasma sintering.Owing to the chemical stability of the ceramics,no traces of atomic doping or interfacial reactions were observed.Transport measurements revealed that the Y2O3nanoparticles distributed along the grain boundaries acted as energy-dependent carrier-filtering centers to improve the scattering parameter and Seebeck coefficient,contributing to the elevated power factor even with a decreased electrical conductivity.Moreover,the incorporated Y2O3nanoparticles and various defect structures they induced effectively strengthened the phonon scattering and suppressed the lattice thermal conductivity.Consequently,a peak figure of merit（ZT） of 1.23 at 313 K was achieved for 0.4%Y2O3/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3,which is 13% higher than that of the matrix.In addition,the Vickers hardness of the composite material was 35% higher than that of the matrix.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of ceramic nanoparticles in synergistic ally improving the thermoelectric and mechanical properties,which may be further extended to other thermoelectric systems.

关键词： Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 alloy Y 2 O 3 ceramic nanoparticles Microstructures Thermoelectric performance Mechanical properties

Combining cisplatin and a STING agonist into one molecule for metalloimmunotherapy of cancer

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 107-119页

作者： Shuren zhang Dongfan Song Wenhao Yu ji Li Xiaoyu Wang Yachao Li Zihan zhao Qi Xue jing zhao jie P.Li Zijian Guo State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Department of Urology Afflliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical SchoolNanjing University Nanchuang (jiangsu)Institute of Chemistry and Health

Mounting evidence suggests that strategies combining DNA-damaging agents and stimulator of interferon genes(STING) agonists are promising cancer therapeutic regimens because they can amplify STING activation and remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, a single molecular entity comprising both agents has not yet been developed. Herein, we designed two PtIV-MSA-2 conjugates(Ⅰand Ⅱ) containing the DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin and the innate immuneactivating STING agonist MSA-2; these conjugates showed great potential as multispecific small-molecule drugs against pancreatic cancer. Mechanistic studies revealed that conjugate Ⅰ upregulated the expression of transcripts associated with innate immunity and metabolism in cancer cells, significantly differing from cisplatin and MSA-2. An analysis of the tumor microenvironment demonstrated that conjugate I could enhance the infiltration of natural killer(NK) cells into tumors and promote the activation of T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in tumor tissues. These findings indicated that conjugate I, which was created by incorporating a Pt chemotherapeutic drug and STING agonist into one molecule, is a promising and potent anticancer drug candidate, opening new avenues for small-molecule-based cancer metalloimmunotherapy.

关键词： platinum drug STING agonist single-molecule multitarget metalloimmunology

From Liquid to Solid‑State Lithium Metal Batteries:Fundamental Issues and Recent Developments

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 68-125页

作者： zhao zhang Wei‑Qiang Han School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries has been driven by the proliferation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles,which have increasingly stringent energy density requirements.Lithium metal batteries(LMBs),with their ultralow reduction potential and high theoretical capacity,are widely regarded as the most promising technical pathway for achieving high energy density batteries.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of fundamental issues related to high reactivity and migrated interfaces in LMBs.Furthermore,we propose improved strategies involving interface engineering,3D current collector design,electrolyte optimization,separator modification,application of alloyed anodes,and external field regulation to address these challenges.The utilization of solid-state electrolytes can significantly enhance the safety of LMBs and represents the only viable approach for advancing them.This review also encompasses the variation in fundamental issues and design strategies for the transition from liquid to solid electrolytes.Particularly noteworthy is that the introduction of SSEs will exacerbate differences in electrochemical and mechanical properties at the interface,leading to increased interface inhomogeneity—a critical factor contributing to failure in all-solidstate lithium metal batteries.Based on recent research works,this perspective highlights the current status of research on developing high-performance LMBs.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries All-solid-state lithium metal battery Li dendrite Solid electrolyte Interface

Enhanced plasticity of spontaneous coagulation cast oxide ceramic green bodies

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第5期13卷 568-578页

作者： Juanjuan Wang jin zhao Junyan Mao Wenlong Liu Haohao ji jian zhang Shiwei Wang State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In the preparation of large-sized ceramics,the use of a green body with relatively high plasticity is crucial to minimize the risk of cracking during processing.To achieve this goal,glycerol and polyethylene glycol(PEG)were utilized as plasticizers in the shaping of green bodies of oxide ceramics through spontaneous coagulation casting(SCC).This study investigated the effects of plasticizers and particle sizes ranging from the submicron to nanoscale on the slurry viscosity,drying shrinkage of wet gels,and mechanical properties of green bodies.The plasticity of the green bodies was assessed by measuring the impact toughness and flexural stress‒strain curves.By incorporating an appropriate plasticizer,the peak width of the flexural stress‒strain curve for dried green bodies from particles of different sizes was nearly twice that without plasticizers,and the impact toughness was enhanced by approximately 71%,34%,and 41%when the particle size decreased from the submicron scale to the nanoscale(0.45μm,0.18μm,and 50 nm,respectively).The drilling test revealed that there was nearly no cracking around the holes in the green bodies with plasticizers.The plasticity mechanism of the green bodies was examined based on ultraviolet–visible(UV–Vis)spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It was discovered that plasticizers might mitigate the brittleness of green bodies by adjusting the interactions between molecules and modifying the gel network properly.

关键词： green body plasticity plasticizer particle size impact toughness stress-strain curve

A thermodynamic view on the in-situ carbon dioxide reduction by biomass-derived hydrogen during calcium carbonate decomposition

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 231-240页

作者： Peng jiang Hao zhang Guanhan zhao Lin Li Tuo ji Liwen Mu Xiaohua Lu jiahua Zhu State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China

In the carbonate industry,deep decarbonization strategies are necessary to effectively remediate CO_(2).These strategies mainly include both sustainable energy supplies and the conversion of CO_(2)in downstream processes.This study developed a coupled process of biomass chemical looping H2 production and reductive calcination of CaCO_(3).Firstly,a mass and energy balance of the coupled process was established in Aspen Plus.Following this,process optimization and energy integration were implemented to provide optimized operation conditions.Lastly,a life cycle assessment was carried out to assess the carbon footprint of the coupled process.Results reveal that the decomposition temperature of CaCO_(3)in an H_(2)atmosphere can be reduced to 780℃(generally around 900℃),and the conversion of CO_(2)from CaCO_(3)decomposition reached 81.33%with an H2:CO ratio of 2.49 in gaseous products.By optimizing systemic energy through heat integration,an energy efficiency of 86.30%was achieved.Additionally,the carbon footprint analysis revealed that the process with energy integration had a low global warming potential(GWP)of-2.624 kg·kg^(-1)(CO_(2)/CaO).Conclusively,this work performed a systematic analysis of introducing biomass-derived H_(2)into CaCO_(3)calcination and demonstrated the positive role of reductive calcination using green H_(2)in mitigating CO_(2)emissions within the carbonate industry.

关键词： Biomass CaCO_(3)reductive calcination Chemical looping Hydrogen production Carbon footprint Thermodynamics process

Insight into the selective separation of CO_(2)from biomass pyrolysis gas over metal-incorporated nitrogen-doped carbon materials:a first-principles study

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 1-12页

作者： Li zhao Xinru Liu Zihao Ye Bin Hu Haoyu Wang ji Liu Bing zhang Qiang Lu National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China

The composition of biomass pyrolysis gas is complex,and the selective separation of its components is crucial for its further utilization.Metal-incorporated nitrogen-doped materials exhibit enormous potential,whereas the relevant adsorption mechanism is still unclear.Herein,16 metal-incorporated nitrogen-doped carbon materials were designed based on the density functional theory calculation,and the adsorption mechanism of pyrolysis gas components H2,CO,CO_(2),CH_(4),and C2H6 was explored.The results indicate that metal-incorporated nitrogen-doped carbon materials generally have better adsorption effects on CO and CO_(2)than on H_(2),CH_(4),and C_(2)H_(6).Transition metal Mo-and alkaline earth metal Mg-and Ca-incorporated nitrogen-doped carbon materials show the potential to separate CO and CO_(2).The mixed adsorption results of CO_(2)and CO further indicate that when the CO_(2)ratio is significantly higher than that of CO,the saturated adsorption of CO_(2)will precede that of CO.Overall,the three metal-incorporated nitrogen-doped carbon materials can selectively separate CO_(2),and the alkaline earth metal Mg-incorporated nitrogen-doped carbon material has the best performance.This study provides theoretical guidance for the design of carbon capture materials and lays the foundation for the efficient utilization of biomass pyrolysis gas.

关键词： CO_(2)capture biomass pyrolysis gas selective adsorption carbon materials first-principles

Bias distribution and regulation in photoelectrochemical overall water-splitting cells

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 141-150页

作者： Kun Dang Siqin Liu Lei Wu Daojian Tang jing Xue jiaming Wang Hongwei ji Chuncheng Chen Yuchao zhang jincai zhao Key Laboratory of Photochemistry CAS ResearchEducation Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The water oxidation half-reaction at anodes is always considered the rate-limiting step of overall water splitting（OWS）,but the actual bias distribution between photoanodes and cathodes of photoelectro chemical（PEC） OWS cells has not been investigated systematically.In this work,we find that,for PEC cells consisting of photoanodes（nickel-modified n-Si [Ni/n-Si] and α-Fe2O3） with low photovoltage(Vph 1V,the bias required for cathode activation can be significantly reduced,exhibiting a kinetics-controlled characteristic.Further investigations show that the bias distribution can be regulated by tuning the electrolyte pH and using alternative half-reaction couplings.Accordingly,a volcano plot is presented for the rational design of the overall reactions and unbiased PEC cells.Motivated by this,an unbiased PEC cell consisting of a simple Ni/n-Si photoanode and Pt cathode is assembled,delivering a photo current density of 5.3±0.2 mA cm-2.

关键词： photoelectrochemistry overall reaction cell bias distribution photoanode water splitting

Design and application of copper/lithium composite anodes for advanced lithium metal batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 942-970页

作者： Bin zhang ji-Ping Ma Yang zhao Tong Li jin-Lin Yang Zhan-Ling zhang Shi-Zhong Wei Guang-Min Zhou School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Lithium(Li)is a promising candidate for nextgeneration battery anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low reduction potential.However,safety issues derived from the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrite and huge volume change of Li hinder its practical application.C onstructing dendrite-free composite Li anodes can significantly alleviate the above problems.Copper(Cu)-based materials have bee n widely used as substrates of the composite electrodes due to their chemical stability,excellent conductivity,and good mechanical strength.Copper/lithium(Cu/Li)composite anodes significantly regulate the local current density and decrease Li nucleation overp otential,realizing the uniform and dendrite-free Li deposition.In this review,Cu/Li composite methods including electrodeposition,melting infusion,and mechanical rolling are systematically summarized and discussed.Additionally,design strategies of Cu-based current collectors for high performance Cu/Li composite anodes are illustrated.General challenges and future development for Cu/Li composite anodes are presented and postulated.We hope that this review can provide a comprehensive understanding of Cu/Li composite methods of the latest development of Li metal anode and stimulate more research in the future.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries Cu/Li composite anode Electrodeposition Thermal melting infusion Mechanical rolling