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Analysis on Changes of Basic Climatic Elements and Extreme Events in Xinjiang, China during 1961-2010

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2013年第1期4卷 20-29页

作者： JIANG Yuan-An CHEN ying zhao yi-zhou CHEN Peng-Xiang YU Xing-Jie FAN Jing BAI Su-Qin Xinjiang Climatic Center Xinjiang Meteorological Bureau Urumqi Meteorological Bureau

By using the observation data from 89 weather stations in Xinjiang during 1961-2010, this paper analyzed the basic climatic elements including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine duration, water vapor pressure, and dust storm in the entire Xinjiang and the subareas: North Xinjiang, Tianshan Mountains, and South Xinjiang. The results indicate that from 1961 to 2010 the annual and seasonal mean temperatures in the entire Xinjiang show an increasing trend with the increasing rate rising from south to north. The increasing rate of annual mean minimum temperature is over twice more than that of the annual mean maximum temperature, contributing much to the increase in the annual averages. The magnitude of the decrease rate of low-temperature days is larger than the increase rate of high-temperature days. The increase of warm days and warm nights and the decrease of cold days and cold nights further reveal that the temperature increasing in Xinjiang is higher. In addition, annual and seasonal rainfalls have been increasing. South Xinjiang experiences higher increase in rainfall amounts than North Xinjiang and Tianshan Mountains. Annual rainy days, longest consecutive rainy days, the daily maximum precipitation and extreme precipitation events, annual torrential rain days and amount, annual blizzard days and amount, all show an increasing trend, corresponding to the increasing in annual mean water vapor pressure. This result shows that the humidity has increased with temperature increasing in the past 50 years. The decrease in annual mean wind speed and gale days lessen the impact of dust storm, sandstorm, and floating dust events. The increase in annual rainy days is the cause of the decrease in annual sunshine duration, while the increase in spring sunshine duration corresponds with the decrease in dust weather. Therefore, the increase in precipitation indicators, the decrease in gales and dust weather, and the increasing in sunshine duration in spring will b

关键词： Xinjiang temperature precipitation dust storm extreme climate event

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Recent development in electrode design for wide-temperature supercapacitors

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 96-117页

作者： Jianhong Liu Qiang zhou Yuxiao Lin Xinsheng zhao Guangmin zhou Xiaoxiao Li School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Jiangsu Normal University Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University

An ever-increasing market demand has stimulated the soaring enthusiasm of researchers to develop wide-temperature supercapacitors(SCs). The active electrode is one of the most important parts of SC, which is directly related to the energy density,power transmission and long-term cyclability of the device in the wide-temperature environment. Compared with the SC electrodes aimed for room-temperature application, the SC electrodes for operating at wide-temperature scene often face greater challenges. In this review, the main challenges of SC electrodes under various temperature conditions, including low, high and cross-fade temperatures, are summarized. The relevant performance decay and failure mechanisms of wide-temperature SC electrodes are analyzed. In addition, this review deals with the recent studies and developments in robust wide-temperature SC electrodes with respect to the rational design of electrode structures and the exploitation of advanced active materials. Finally, the future directions for exploring reliable wide-temperature SCs are also proposed.

关键词： supercapacitor wide-temperature electrode design active materials

Gradient maturation experiment on hairs implies taphonomic changes in fossil hairs

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 62-73页

作者： Xin LI yibo zhou Tao zhao Xingjian HE Yanhong PAN State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Institute of Palaeontology Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science Yunnan Key Laboratory for PalaeobiologyYunnan University

Mammalian hair, as a key feature related to endothermy, physical protection, and camouflage, has a long geohistorical record that dates back even to the Mesozoic. However, the limited information on the taphonomy of hair hinders the understanding of its evolutionary significance in deep time. To address this, we conducted taphonomic experiments to simulate the transformation process of black hair. The changes in the morphological structure, microscopic characteristics, and chemical composition of hair during the simulated fossilization process were documented by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Our results revealed that damage to the morphology of hair began at a mild temperature(150–175°C), and hair transformed into a fluid-like mass at a relatively high temperature(200°C). In addition, the morphological structure of melanosomes had relatively greater preservation potential than keratins did, and the microscopic features of melanosomes were persistently stable. The Raman and FTIR spectra indicated that the characteristic melanin and keratin peaks changed as the temperature increased. Although the chemical signals were not lost completely, the variations in the characteristic amide bands in the FTIR spectra indicate that the keratins severely degraded at high temperatures(>200°C), whereas the characteristic melanin bands in the Raman spectra suggested that melanin signals were still recognizable, even at high temperatures(>200°C). These results were confirmed by principal component analysis(PCA) and principal component analysis linear discriminant analysis(PCA–LDA). In addition, the Raman signals of all the samples in the simulated experiments were distinguished from the signals of common geological carbonaceous materials(humic acid), which suggested that Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect melanin in fossils.

关键词： Mammalian hair Melanin Keratin Fossilization Experimental taphonomy

Low‑Temperature Fabrication of Stable Black‑Phase CsPbI_(3)Perovskite Flexible Photodetectors Toward Wearable Health Monitoring

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 232-245页

作者： yingjie zhao yicheng Sun Chaoxin Pei Xing yin Xinyi Li yi Hao Mengru Zhang Meng Yuan Jinglin zhou Yu Chen Yanlin Song College of Chemistry and Pingyuan Laboratory Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Bio‑Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China

Flexible wearable optoelectronic devices fabricated fromorganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites significantly accelerate the developmentof portable energy,biomedicine,and sensing fields,but their poor thermal stabilityhinders further ***,all-inorganic perovskites possessexcellent thermal stability,but black-phase all-inorganic perovskite filmusually requires high-temperature annealing steps,which increases energy consumptionand is not conducive to the fabrication of flexible wearable *** this work,an unprecedented low-temperature fabrication of stable blackphaseCsPbI3perovskite films is demonstrated by the in situ hydrolysis reactionof diphenylphosphinic chloride *** released diphenyl phosphateand chloride ions during the hydrolysis reaction significantly lower the phasetransition temperature and effectively passivate the defects in the perovskitefilms,yielding high-performance photodetectors with a responsivity of 42.1 AW−1 and a detectivity of 1.3×10^(14)***,high-fidelity imageand photoplethysmography sensors are demonstrated based on the fabricated flexible wearable *** work provides a newperspective for the low-temperature fabrication of large-area all-inorganic perovskite flexible optoelectronic devices.

关键词： In situ hydrolyzation Low-temperature processing All-inorganic perovskite Flexible photodetectors Health monitoring

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Malicious Document Detection Based on GGE Visualization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1233-1254页

作者： Youhe Wang yi Sun Yujie Li Chuanqi zhou Henan Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Information Engineering UniversityZhengzhou450000China

With the development of anti-virus technology,malicious documents have gradually become the main pathway of Advanced Persistent Threat(APT)attacks,therefore,the development of effective malicious document classifiers has become particularly ***,detection methods based on document structure and behavioral features encounter challenges in feature engineering,these methods not only have limited accuracy,but also consume large resources,and usually can only detect documents in specific formats,which lacks versatility and *** address such problems,this paper proposes a novel malicious document detection method-visualizing documents as GGE images(Grayscale,Grayscale matrix,Entropy).The GGE method visualizes the original byte sequence of the malicious document as a grayscale image,the information entropy sequence of the document as an entropy image,and at the same time,the grayscale level co-occurrence matrix and the texture and spatial information stored in it are converted into grayscale matrix image,and fuses the three types of images to get the GGE color *** Convolutional Block Attention Module-EfficientNet-B0(CBAM-EfficientNet-B0)model is then used for classification,combining transfer learning and applying the pre-trained model on the ImageNet dataset to the feature extraction process of GGE *** shown in the experimental results,the GGE method has superior performance compared with other methods,which is suitable for detecting malicious documents in different formats,and achieves an accuracy of 99.44%and 97.39%on Portable Document Format(PDF)and office datasets,respectively,and consumes less time during the detection process,which can be effectively applied to the task of detecting malicious documents in real-time.

关键词： Malicious document visualization EfficientNet-B0 convolutional block attention module GGE image

A Generative Model-Based Network Framework for Ecological Data Reconstruction

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 929-948页

作者： Shuqiao Liu zhao Zhang Hongyan zhou Xuebo Chen School of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan114051China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan114051China

This study examines the effectiveness of artificial intelligence techniques in generating high-quality environmental data for species introductory site selection *** Strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,Threats(SWOT)analysis data with Variation Autoencoder(VAE)and Generative AdversarialNetwork(GAN)the network framework model(SAE-GAN),is proposed for environmental data *** model combines two popular generative models,GAN and VAE,to generate features conditional on categorical data embedding after SWOT *** model is capable of generating features that resemble real feature distributions and adding sample factors to more accurately track individual sample *** data is used to retain more semantic information to generate *** model was applied to species in Southern California,USA,citing SWOT analysis data to train the *** show that the model is capable of integrating data from more comprehensive analyses than traditional methods and generating high-quality reconstructed data from them,effectively solving the problem of insufficient data collection in development *** model is further validated by the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)classification assessment commonly used in the environmental data *** study provides a reliable and rich source of training data for species introduction site selection systems and makes a significant contribution to ecological and sustainable development.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) VAE GAN TOPSIS data reconstruction

Tuning the interfacial reaction environment via pH-dependent and induced ions to understand C–N bonds coupling performance in NO3- integrated CO2 reduction to carbon and nitrogen compounds over dual Cu-based N-doped carbon catalyst

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 273-285页

作者： Tianhang zhou Chen Shen Zhenghao Wu Xingying Lan yi Xiao College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Institute of Materials Science TU Darmstadt Department of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo

Dual atomic catalysts （DAC）,particularly copper （Cu2）-based nitrogen （N） doped graphene,show great potential to effectively convert CO2and nitrate （NO3-） into important industrial chemicals such as ethylene,glycol,acetamide,and urea through an efficient catalytical process that involves C–C and C–N ***,the origin of the coupling activity remained unclear,which substantially hinders the rational design of Cu-based catalysts for the N-integrated CO2reduction reaction （CO2RR）.To address this challenge,this work performed advanced density functional theory calculations incorporating explicit solvation based on a Cu2-based N-doped carbon (Cu2N6C10) catalyst for *** calculations are aimed to gain insight into the reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of ethylene,acetamide,and urea via coupling in the interfacial reaction *** to the sluggishness of CO2,the formation of a solvation electric layer by anions （F-,Cl-,Br-,and I-） and cations (Na+,Mg2+,K+,and Ca2+) leads to electron transfer towards the Cu *** process significantly accelerates the reduction of *** results reveal that*CO intermediates play a pivotal role in N-integrated ***,the Cu2-based N-doped carbon catalyst examined in this study has demonstrated the most potential for C–N coupling to *** findings reveal that through the process of a condensation reaction between*CO and NH2OH for urea synthesis,*NO3-is reduced to*NH3,and*CO2to*CCO at dual Cu atom *** dual-site reduction facilitates the synthesis of acetamide through a nucleophilic reaction between NH3and the ketene ***,we found that the I-and Mg2+ions,influenced by pH,were highly effective for acetamide and ammonia synthesis,except when F-and Ca2+were ***,the mechanisms of C–N bond formation were investigated via ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations,and we found that adjusting the micro-environment can change the dominant side reaction,shift

关键词： Condensation reactions

Distributed fiber optic sensing system for vibration monitoring of 3D printed bridges

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第1期21卷 28-34页

作者： zhao Shuai zhou Ran LUO Mingming LIU Jianfei LIU Xiongfei zhou Tao School of Electronic Information Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices School of Civil Engineering and Transportation Hebei University of Technology Tianjin Jinhang Institute of Technical Physics

The fiber optic sensing technology provides data support in structural health monitoring of the macro facilities, including design, construction, and maintenance of bridges, tunnels, ports and other infrastructures. In this paper, a distributed vibration sensing system is proved to be responsive to a single touch over a 1.8-m-long equivalent fiber segment, covering a vibration frequency from 5 Hz to 25 kHz. The sensing fiber was arranged as an S type layout on the bridge to recognize the standing state, windblown disturbance, and walking vibration. Moreover, the knocking and climbing events are recognized fiber laying spinning lines and hanging on the fences, respectively. The demonstration shows an accurate positioning and sensitive vibration monitoring applied on the automated three-dimensional(3D) printed bridge, which is applicable to all kinds of 3D printed facilities as intelligent sensory neuro-networks.

关键词： Spinning (fibers)

Experimental demonstration of 220-GHz terahertz signals wireless transmission over 4.6 km

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 386-388页

作者： yi WEI Jianjun YU Mingxu WANG Xiongwei YANG Qiutong ZHANG Jingwen TAN Bing ZHANG ying WU Yang HAN Peng TIAN Wen zhou Kaihui WANG Feng zhao State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE)School of Information Science and Technology Fudan University School of Electronic Engineering Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications

The advancement of terahertz (THz) communication technology drives the evolution of wireless communication systems,offering novel pathways and technical means for the development of future 6G communication *** wireless communication systems are often constrained by bandwidth limitations of electronic devices in high frequency ***,THz communication technology leverages the characteristics of electromagnetic waves to transcend these limitations,enabling communication athigher frequencies and wider bandwidths.

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