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Response of vegetation variation to climate change and human activities in the Shiyang River Basin of China during 2001-2022

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第8期16卷 1044-1061页

作者： SUN Chao BAI Xuelian WANG Xinping zhao wenzhi WEI Lemin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Gansu Provincial Academy of Water Sciences Lanzhou 730000China

Understanding the response of vegetation variation to climate change and human activities is critical for addressing future conflicts between humans and the environment,and maintaining ecosystem ***,we aimed to identify the determining factors of vegetation variation and explore the sensitivity of vegetation to temperature(SVT)and the sensitivity of vegetation to precipitation(SVP)in the Shiyang River Basin(SYRB)of China during *** climate data from climatic research unit(CRU),vegetation index data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS),and land use data from Landsat images were used to analyze the spatial-temporal changes in vegetation indices,climate,and land use in the SYRB and its sub-basins(i.e.,upstream,midstream,and downstream basins)during *** regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to explore the SVT and SVP,revealing the driving factors of vegetation *** increasing trends(P<0.05)were detected for the enhanced vegetation index(EVI)and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)in the SYRB during 2001-2022,with most regions(84%)experiencing significant variation in vegetation,and land use change was determined as the dominant factor of vegetation ***-significant decreasing trends were detected in the SVT and SVP of the SYRB during *** were spatial differences in vegetation variation,SVT,and *** NDVI and EVI exhibited increasing trends in the upstream,midstream,and downstream basins,the change slope in the downstream basin was lower than those in the upstream and midstream basins,the SVT in the upstream basin was higher than those in the midstream and downstream basins,and the SVP in the downstream basin was lower than those in the upstream and midstream *** and precipitation changes controlled vegetation variation in the upstream and midstream basins while human activities(land use change)dominated vegetation variation in the d

关键词： vegetation variation climate change land use change normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) enhanced vegetation index(EVI) Shiyang River Basin

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Effects of wind speed,underlying surface,and seed morphological traits on the secondary seed dispersal in the Tengger Desert,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第4期16卷 531-549页

作者： QU Wenjie zhao wenzhi YANG Xinguo WANG Lei ZHANG Xue QU Jianjun Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Ecology and Environment Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

The maintenance of sand-fixing vegetation is important for the stability of artificial sand-fixing systems in which seed dispersal plays a key *** on field wind tunnel experiments using 11 common plant species on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert,China,we studied the secondary seed dispersal in the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes as well as in the mobile dunes in order to understand the limitations of vegetation regeneration and the maintenance of its *** results indicated that there were significant variations among the selected 11 plant species in the threshold of wind speed(TWS).The TWS of Caragana korshinskii was the highest among the 11 plant species,whereas that of Echinops gmelinii was the *** morphological traits and underlying surface could generally explain the *** the secondary seed dispersal processes,the proportions of seeds that did not disperse(no dispersal)and only dispersed over short distance(short-distance dispersal within the wind tunnel test section)were significantly higher than those of seeds that were buried(including lost seeds)and dispersed over long distance(long-distance dispersal beyond the wind tunnel test section).Compared with other habitats,the mobile dunes were the most difficult places for secondary seed *** seeds were the easiest to be found in the semi-fixed sand dunes,whereas fixed sand dunes were the best sites for seeds that dispersed over long *** results of linear mixed models showed that after controlling the dispersal distance,smaller and rounder seeds dispersed *** index and wind speed were the two significant influencing factors on the burial of *** explanatory power of wind speed,underlying surface,and seed morphological traits on the seeds that did not disperse and dispersed over short distance was far greater than that on the seeds that were buried and dispersed over long distance,implying that the processes and mechanisms of burial and lo

关键词： seed dispersal seed morphological traits wind speed vegetation regeneration wind tunnel Tengger Desert

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Utilizing sediment grain size characteristics to assess the effectiveness of clay–sand barriers in reducing aeolian erosion in Minqin desert area,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第5期16卷 668-684页

作者： SONG Dacheng zhao wenzhi LI Guangyu WEI Lemin WANG Lide YANG Jingyi WU Hao MA Quanlin College of Forestry Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Gansu Hexi Corridor Forest Ecosystem National Research Station Gansu Desert Control Research InstituteLanzhou 730070China Linze Inland River Basin Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

The clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area,China,represent a pioneering windbreak and sand fixation project with a venerable history of 60 ***,studies on evaluating the long-term effectiveness of clay–sand barriers against aeolian erosion,particularly from the perspective of surface sediment grain size,are limited and thus insufficient to ascertain the protective impact of these barriers on regional aeolian *** study focused on the surface sediments(topsoil of 0–3 cm depth)of clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area to explain their erosion resistance from the perspective of surface sediment grain *** March 2023,six clay–sand barrier sampling plots with clay–sand barriers of different deployment durations(1,5,10,20,40,and 60 a)were selected as experimental plots,and one control sampling plot was set in an adjacent mobile sandy area without sand *** sediment samples were collected from the topsoil of each sampling plot in the study area in April 2023 and sediment grain size characteristics were *** indicated a predominance of fine and medium sands in the surface sediments of the study *** deployment of clay–sand barriers cultivated a fine quality in grain size composition of the regional surface sediments,increasing the average contents of very fine sand,silt,and clay by 30.82%,417.38%,and 381.52%,*** trend became markedly pronounced a decade after the deployment of clay–sand *** effectiveness of clay–sand barriers in erosion resistance was manifested through reduced wind velocity,the interception of sand flow,and the promotion of fine surface sediment *** particles such as medium,coarse,and very coarse sands predominantly accumulated on the external side of the barriers,while finer particles such as fine and very fine sands concentrated in the upwind(northwest)region of the *** contrast,the contents of finest particles such as silt and clay were higher in the downwind

关键词： clay-sand barriers sediment grain size grain size distribution aeolian erosion windbreak and sand fixation Minqin desert area

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Long-term thinning decreases the contribution of heterotrophic respiration to soil respiration in subalpine plantations

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 189-204页

作者： Longfei Chen Zhibin He wenzhi zhao Xi Zhu Qin Shen Mingdan Song Zhengpeng Li Junqia Kong Shuping Yang Yuan Gao Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000People's Republic of China State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Environmental Management Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People's Republic of China Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Qinghai UniversityXining 810000People's Republic of China College of Landscape Architecture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 310000People's Republic of China

Interest in the dynamics of soil respiration(R_(S))in subalpine forest ecosystems is increasing due to their high soil carbon density and potential sensitivity to environmental ***,as a principal silvicultural practice,the long-term impacts of thinning on R_(S) and its heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration components(R_(h) and Ra,respectively)in subalpine plantations are poorly understood,espe-cially in winter.A 3-year field observation was carried out with consideration of winter CO_(2) efflux in middle-aged sub-alpine spruce plantations in northwestern China.A trench-ing method was used to explore the long-term impacts of thinning on Rs,Rn and R_(a).Seventeen years after thinning,mean annual Rs,Rn and R_(a) increased,while the contribu-tion of R_(h) to R_(s) decreased with thinning *** significantly decreased winter R,because of the reduction in R_(n) but had no significant effect on *** temperature sensitivity(Q_(10))of R_(h) and R_(a) also increased with thinning intensity,with lower Q_(10) values for R_(h)(2.1-2.6)than for Ra(2.4-2.8).The results revealed the explanatory variables and pathways related to R_(n) and R_(a) *** increased soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),and the enhanced nitrogen and water availability promoted R_(h) and R_(a) by improving fine root biomass and microbial *** results highlight the positive roles of NO_(3)^(-)-N in stimulating R_(s) components following long-term ***,applications of nitrogen fertilizer are not recommended while thinning subalpine spruce plantations from the perspective of reducing soil CO_(2) *** increased Q_(10) values of R_(s) components indicate that a large increase in soil CO_(2) emissions would be expected following thinning because of more pronounced climate warming in alpineregions.

关键词： Heterotrophic respiration Autotrophic respiration Long-term thinning impacts Cold seasons Subalpine plantations Temperature sensitivity

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Rapid recovery of desert shrubs is attributed to imbalance of water supply to demand after disturbance in Northwest China

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期 118-129页

作者： Hai Zhou Xiangyan Feng Zhibin He Qiyue Yang Heng Ren wenzhi zhao Linze Inland River Basin Research Station Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background Disturbance is a key driver of changes in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in water limited regions. In the desert ecosystem of Northwest China, shrubs are often foraged by camels and this causes the shrubs lost their aboveground tissues. Although the aboveground tissue could recover after the disturbance, the mechanisms of resprouts' recovery after the disturbance are still poorly understood. We investigated the morphological and physiological characteristics and root water uptake sources of resprouts and non-disturbed seedlings of four desert shrub species that were often foraged by *** The results showed that the resprouts grew rapidly after the removal of aboveground tissue. The height and aboveground biomass of resprouts reached the level of 5-year-old seedlings following a growing season. Compared to un-disturbed seedlings, higher leaf water potential, leaf hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis rate were observed in resprouts, indicating that resprouts grew rapidly after disturbance. Furthermore, we found that the root water uptake source did not change after disturbance. This indicated that the roots of resprouts kept intact water uptake capacity after disturbance, which could keep supplying sufficient water to the aboveground tissue. Due to the removal of aboveground tissue of the resprouts, the water demand of aboveground tissue decreased, which induced an imbalance of water supply from roots to demand of aboveground tissues of resprouts. This explained the improved physiological performance and rapid recovery of resprouts after *** The imbalance of water supply to demand contributes to the rapid recovery of desert shrubs after disturbance. The findings provide insight into the eco-physiological mechanism for the maintenance of desert ecosystems that are facing disturbance.

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干旱区气候变化及其对山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程影响研究进展

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干旱区地理 2024年第2期47卷 228-236页

作者：常学向赵文智田全彦中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室甘肃兰州730000

在干旱区,水是形成绿洲的根本要素。干旱区高寒山地是维系西北干旱区绿洲存在、是当地国民经济持续发展和生态环境稳定的水源地,山地森林生态系统具有重要的涵养水源功能,有“绿色水库”之称。气候变化将改变山地生态系统结构、组成和... 详细信息

在干旱区,水是形成绿洲的根本要素。干旱区高寒山地是维系西北干旱区绿洲存在、是当地国民经济持续发展和生态环境稳定的水源地,山地森林生态系统具有重要的涵养水源功能,有“绿色水库”之称。气候变化将改变山地生态系统结构、组成和水循环,加剧水资源短缺,威胁干旱区绿洲安全。回顾并综述了干旱区气候变化及其对干旱区山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程的影响研究进展,指出了研究中存在的问题,并提出未来在干旱区山地仍需要评估优于1 km空间分辨率的气候变化趋势,从多尺度、多界面、多学科、多方法开展气候变化对干旱区山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程影响的综合研究,以促进干旱区山地生态学的发展,为干旱区管理部门提供适应和缓解气候变化、科学的制定气候变化条件下水资源管理方案、实现水资源的有效管理奠定理论基础,促进干旱区气候变化条件下的环境和社会经济可持续性发展。

关键词：气候变化生态系统稳定性森林生态水文过程干旱区高寒山地

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生态系统突变及其在寒旱区生态系统管理中的应用展望

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应用生态学报 2024年第7期35卷 1997-2005页

作者：王宇昕赵文智刘鹄中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院/中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站兰州730000 中国科学院大学北京100049

生态系统突变是指生态系统在受到超过临界值的干扰后,系统由一种状态急剧变为另一种状态的过程。尽管寒旱区常见的土地沙漠化、草地退化属于渐变过程,但当干扰持续时间或干扰强度超过一定阈值时也可能发生突变。研究生态系统突变对寒旱... 详细信息

生态系统突变是指生态系统在受到超过临界值的干扰后,系统由一种状态急剧变为另一种状态的过程。尽管寒旱区常见的土地沙漠化、草地退化属于渐变过程,但当干扰持续时间或干扰强度超过一定阈值时也可能发生突变。研究生态系统突变对寒旱区生态系统管理具有重要意义。本文综述了生态系统突变的内涵演变及预警研究的进展,分析了寒旱区常见的土地沙漠化和草地退化的问题,阐明了系统状态对不同胁迫的多种响应方式,提出了针对干旱荒漠区雨养人工固沙系统和高寒草甸演变过程及突变特点的研究框架。最后指出,未来需要甄别生态系统突变不同阶段的关键驱动因素,并确定相应阈值;重视极端气候事件诱发的水分限制型突变的发生机制和预警;推动突变研究成果在寒旱区生态系统管理中的应用。

关键词：生态系统突变土地沙漠化草地退化人工固沙系统嵩草高寒草甸

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祁连山自然保护区不同海拔典型煤矿修复区土壤种子库特征

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生态学杂志 2024年第6期43卷 1891-1900页

作者：杨竟艺赵文智罗维成刘继亮甘肃农业大学林学院兰州730070 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院兰州730030 中国科学院临泽内陆河流域研究站兰州730030

土壤种子库是植物多样性的潜在储备,对矿区植被重建和生态恢复有着重要影响。本研究通过野外调查和室内实验分析了祁连山自然保护区不同海拔典型煤矿修复区和对照区(未破坏样地)的土壤种子库特征,探讨了土壤种子库物种组成与土壤因子的... 详细信息

土壤种子库是植物多样性的潜在储备,对矿区植被重建和生态恢复有着重要影响。本研究通过野外调查和室内实验分析了祁连山自然保护区不同海拔典型煤矿修复区和对照区(未破坏样地)的土壤种子库特征,探讨了土壤种子库物种组成与土壤因子的关系。结果表明:修复区和对照区土壤种子库密度随海拔升高而增加;相同海拔的修复区土壤种子库密度显著小于对照区(P<0.05);修复区土壤种子库的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数在海拔2510和2630 m处显著低于对照区(P<0.05);修复区地上植被与土壤种子库物种组成的Sorenson相似性随海拔升高而降低;冗余分析表明,土壤有机质、全氮、土壤容重和土壤含水量等土壤因子与土壤种子库物种组成呈显著相关(P<0.001)。综合分析表明,祁连山自然保护区煤矿修复区的土壤种子库特征与对照区差异较大,特别是海拔2510和2630 m的样地,需要采取其他措施(如人为添加种子、改良土壤特性等)巩固修复效果。

关键词：祁连山自然保护区煤矿修复土壤种子库土壤因子

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从能源大国到能源强国:国际经验与中国路径

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中国工程科学 2024年第4期26卷 9-15页

作者：赵文智梁坤李志欣丁麟林世国中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 国家油气战略研究中心北京100083

能源是强国之基、推动经济社会高质量和可持续发展的关键支撑。本文梳理了世界主要能源强国或大国的能源建设经验,归纳出能源供应稳定多元、能源消费低碳高效、能源科技创新引领、能源市场开放有序、能源治理体系完备等世界能源强国的... 详细信息

能源是强国之基、推动经济社会高质量和可持续发展的关键支撑。本文梳理了世界主要能源强国或大国的能源建设经验,归纳出能源供应稳定多元、能源消费低碳高效、能源科技创新引领、能源市场开放有序、能源治理体系完备等世界能源强国的普遍特征;在辨识我国能源强国建设的优势与短板的基础上,提出了建设能源强国的中国路径,包括阶段性目标、重点任务和关键举措。研究建议:加大煤炭资源的清洁利用力度,增强煤炭在能源安全中的兜底保障作用;加大油气资源勘探开发和增储上产力度,推进陆相页岩油革命,努力提高油气自给保障能力;推动可再生能源规模化,积极布局氢能等清洁能源,通过多能源协同提高能源安全供应能力、兼顾落实减碳目标。相关举措将有力支撑我国从能源大国到能源强国的顺利转变。

关键词：能源强国国际经验中国路径能源转型能源市场能源科技

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农用拖拉机动力系统智能化维修平台应用

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农机化研究 2024年第9期46卷 249-252页

作者：王峰于红梅赵文志朱联军淄博市技师学院交通工程系山东淄博255000

通过对农用拖拉机动力系统故障识别和检修过程进行描述,基于CAN总线通讯的方式,进行拖拉机动力系统智能维修平台硬件结构搭建,并采用高性能中央处理器,实现智能维修平台的功能原理和硬件结构。应用结果表明:系统运行过程可靠,动力系统... 详细信息

通过对农用拖拉机动力系统故障识别和检修过程进行描述,基于CAN总线通讯的方式,进行拖拉机动力系统智能维修平台硬件结构搭建,并采用高性能中央处理器,实现智能维修平台的功能原理和硬件结构。应用结果表明:系统运行过程可靠,动力系统故障定位准确,能够有效提升维修人员对动力系统故障的定位和故障维修的能力。

关键词：农用拖拉机动力系统电子控制器智能维修

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