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The history and advances in cancer immunotherapy:understanding the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their therapeutic implications

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第8期17卷 807-821页

作者： yuanyuan zhang Zemin zhang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University100871BeijingChina BIOPIC and School of Life Sciences Peking University100871BeijingChina

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and rejuvenated the field of tumor *** types of immunotherapy,including adoptive cell transfer(ACT)and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),have obtained durable clinical responses,but their efficacies vary,and only subsets of cancer patients can benefit from *** infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment(TME)have been shown to play a key role in tumor development and will affect the clinical outcomes of cancer *** profiling of tumor-infiltrating immune cells would shed light on the mechanisms of cancer–immune evasion,thus providing opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic ***,the highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the TME impedes the precise dissection of intratumoral immune *** recent advances in single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and mass cytometry,systematic interrogation of the TME is feasible and will provide insights into the functional diversities of tumor-infiltrating immune *** this review,we outline the recent progress in cancer immunotherapy,particularly by focusing on landmark studies and the recent single-cell characterization of tumor-associated immune cells,and we summarize the phenotypic diversities of intratumoral immune cells and their connections with cancer *** believe such a review could strengthen our understanding of the progress in cancer immunotherapy,facilitate the elucidation of immune cell modulation in tumor progression,and thus guide the development of novel immunotherapies for cancer treatment.

关键词： Immunotherapy Tumor microenvironment Single-cell technologies Tumor-infiltrating immune cells Phenotypic diversities

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Flight mission modeling based on BDI Petri net

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2017年第4期28卷 776-783页

作者： yuanyuan zhang Wenhai Wu Qingdao Branch Naval Aeronautical Engineering Institute Qingdao 266041 China Navy Flight Academy Huludao 125000 China

Goals reasoning and management of pilot is a key issue to monitor pilot's behavior and intention. Traditional modeling methods are based on scenarios or situations, such methods will cause the,covering problem due to redundancy and are incapable of depicting interactions among various goals and plans of pilot. Petri net integrated with belief, desire and intention (BDI) theory (BDI Petri net) is designed to solve this problem. Focusing on the BDI theory, goal states of agent are discussed firstly. Belief, desire and intention are modeled by places and transitions based on the Petri net theory. In order to simplify the network, colored token is introduced to depict various states of belief, and the hierarchy transition is applied to model the intention, together with tokens' flow derrionstrating the interaction among various goals and relationship among belief, desire and intention. A search and rescue mission is used to validate the proposed method and the result indicates that the model can be used to monitor goals and behaviors of pilots.

关键词： Petri net belief desire and intention (BDI) theory flight mission modeling agent

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Analysis of Incomplete Data of Accelerated Life Testing with Competing Failure Modes

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2009年第6期22卷 883-889页

作者： TAN yuanyuan zhang Chunhua CHEN Xun College of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

Data obtained from accelerated life testing （ALT） when there are two or more failure modes, which is commonly referred to as competing failure modes, are often incomplete. The incompleteness is mainly due to censoring, as well as masking which might be the case that the failure time is observed, but its corresponding failure mode is not identified. Because the identification of the failure mode may be expensive, or very difficult to investigate due to lack of appropriate diagnostics. A method is proposed for analyzing incomplete data of constant stress ALT with competing failure modes. It is assumed that failure modes have s-independent latent lifetimes and the log lifetime of each failure mode can be written as a linear function of stress. The parameters of the model are estimated by using the expectation maximum （EM） algorithm with incomplete data. Simulation studies are performed to check＇model validity and investigate the properties of estimates. For further validation, the method is also illustrated by an example, which shows the process of analyze incomplete data from ALT of some insulation system. Because of considering the incompleteness of data in modeling and making use of the EM algorithm in estimating, the method becomes more flexible in ALT analysis.

关键词： accelerated life testing competing failure modes expectation maximum algorithm incomplete data Monte Carlo simulation

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Promotional catalytic activity and reaction mechanism of Ag-modified Ce_(0.6)Zr_(0.4)O_(2) catalyst for catalytic oxidation of ammonia

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 491-504页

作者： Xiaolong Tang yuanyuan zhang Yaru Lei yuanyuan Liu Honghong Yi Fengyu Gao School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants Beijing 100083China

Ce1-xZrxO_(2) composite oxides(molar,x=0-1.0,interval of 0.2)were prepared by a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted precipitation *** enhancement of silver-species modification and catalytic mechanism of adsorption-transformationdesorption process were investigated over the Ag-impregnated catalysts for lowtemperature selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia(NH_(3)-SCO).The optimal 5 wt.%Ag/Ce_(0.6)Zr_(0.4)O_(2) catalyst presented good NH_(3)-SCO performancewith>90% NH_(3) conversion at temperature(T)≥250°C and 89% N_(2) *** the irregular block shape and underdeveloped specific surface area(∼60m2/g),the naked and Ag-modified Ce_(0.6)Zr_(0.4)O_(2) solid solution still obtained highly dispersed distribution of surface elements analyzed by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS)(mapping),N_(2) adsorptiondesorption test and X-ray diffraction(XRD).H2 temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results indicated that Ag-modification enhanced the mobility and activation of oxygen-species leading to a promotion on CeO_(2) reducibility and synergistic Ag0/Ag+and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)redox ***,Ag+/Ag_(2)O clusters could facilitate the formation of surface oxygen vacancies that was beneficial to the adsorption and activation of ***3-temperature programmed desorption(NH_(3)-TPD)showed more adsorption-desorption capacity to ammoniawere provided by physical,weakandmedium-strong acid *** reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)experiments revealed the activation of ammonia might be the control step of NH3-SCO procedure,during which NH3 dehydrogenation derived from NHx-species and also internal selective catalytic reduction(i-SCR)reactions were proposed.

关键词： Ag/Ce_(0.6)Zr_(0.4)O_(2)catalyst Synergistic interaction Catalytic oxidation of ammonia NH3 dehydrogenation Internal selective catalytic reduction

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Flow properties of three fuel powders

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Particuology 2012年第4期10卷 438-443页

作者： Pan Chen Zhulin Yuan Xianglin Shen yuanyuan zhang School of Energy and Environment Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Flow and physical properties were measured for three fuel powders： sawdust, brown coal and hard coal. Besides physical properties, e.g., particle size, bulk density and moisture content, flowability was investigated using the standard shear testing technique of the Jenike shear cell. Flow functions of the three powders used for characterization of bulk flow and design of hoppers were determined, and then compared and discussed. The flow functions of the three powders are located in different regions： while brown coal and hard coal were classified respectively as easy flowing and cohesive material, sawdust was found in regions varying from cohesive to easy fowing at low consolidation stress. The measured effective angle of internal friction and angle of wall friction were 55° and 31.4° for sawdust; 36.2° and 26° for brown coal; and 43.3° and 27.8° for hard coal. Using the measured powder flow properties, Jenike＇s procedure was then followed to estimate and compare the critical hopper dimensions for mass flow of the three powders.

关键词： Powder flow functionEffective angle of internal frictionAngle of wall frictionJenike shear cellParticle distributionMoisture content

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Study of alternate cooling and heating treatment induced tumor microvasculature injury

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第2期55卷 172-178页

作者： SHEN yuanyuan zhang AiLi Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

Tumor microvasculature is important to tumor growth, metastasis and thus tumor treatment outcome. The alternate cooling and heating treatment has been confirmed to have advantages over single treatment of cooling or heating. The degree of tumor microvasculature damage induced by the alternate cooling and heating treatment and the mechanisms underlying are studied in this paper. The response of the tumor microvasculature to different treatments including alternate cooling and heating is observed in vivo through confocal microscopy using the nude mice dorsal skin fold tumor chamber model. Results show that alternate cooling and heating has induced much more severe damage to the microvessel structure throughout the entire tumor. Numerical simulations of the mechanical stresses on the tumor vessel wall has found that during the alternate treatment, the vessel wall suffer a rapid chang in thermal stresses in the opposite directions successively, which might caused damage to the peripheral microvasculature and micro-cracks in the central vessels. Reperfusion of blood flow after freezing also led to relatively large stresses on the vessel wall, especially when blood flow re-perfuses quickly during the subsequent heating. The quick increase of stresses on the blood vessel might be one of the key issues causing the blood vessel rupture referring to the experimental observation. The preliminary study has partly revealed the mechanism underlying serious tumor microvasculature damage caused by the alternate cooling and heating treatment.

关键词：肿瘤治疗血管损伤过冷却热诱导加热处理血流灌注显微镜观察微血管

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SSIG: Single-Sample Information Gain Model for Integrating Multi-Omics Data to Identify Cancer Subtypes

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2021年第2期30卷 303-312页

作者： zhang yuanyuan WANG Ziqi WANG Shudong KOU Chuanhua School of Information and Control Engineering Qingdao University of Technology College of Computer Science and Technology China University of Petroleum (East China)

Different living environments of cancer samples lead to different molecular mechanisms of cancer development, which in turn leads to different cancer subtypes. How to identify cancer subtypes is a key issue for the realization of precision medicine. With the development of high-throughput technologies, multi-omics data which can better understand different causes of cancer have emerged. However, the current methods of analyzing cancer subtypes using multi-omics data is mostly derived from population cancer sample data and ignores the differences between different cancer ***, the joint analysis of multi-omics based on a single sample may reveal more information about the differences between individual cancers. A strategy for identifying cancer subtypes is proposed based on Single-sample information gain(SSIG) which construct sample feature matrix by considering the heterogeneity of sample. Applying this strategy to current popular subtype identification methods, cancer subtypes can be identified more accurately and the mechanism of cancer can be found from the perspective of a single sample. By comparing different methods in different clustering measure, and using survival analysis, it is shown that SSIG is more suitable for cancer subtype identification than the original multi-omics data, and it is easier to mine the cancer subtype classification mechanism hidden behind the data.

关键词： identify cancer subtypes SSIG medical computing cancer subtype classification mechanism Single-sample information gain model different cancer subtypes original multiomics data genetics cancer subtype identification current popular subtype identification methods population cancer sample data different cancer samples data analysis cancer development genomics cancer sample feature matrix different molecular mechanisms different living environments bioinformatics individual cancers different clustering measure

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A Quadratic Finite Volume Method for Parabolic Problems

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2023年第6期15卷 1407-1427页

作者： yuanyuan zhang Xiaoping Liu School of Mathematics and Information Sciences Yantai UniversityYantaiShandong 264005China

.In this paper,a quadratic finite volume method(FVM)for parabolic problems is *** first discretize the spatial variables using a quadratic FVM to obtain a semi-discrete *** then employ the backward Euler method and the Crank-Nicolson method respectively to further disctetize the time vatiable so as to derive two full-discrete *** existence and uniqueness of the semi-discrete and full-discrete FVM solutions are established and their optimal error estimates are ***,we give numerical examples to illustrate the theoretical results.

关键词： Higher-orderﬁnite volume method parabolic problems error estimate

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Nonlinear Bending Analysis of Functionally Graded CNT-Reinforced Shallow Arches Placed on Elastic Foundations

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2020年第2期33卷 164-186页

作者： yuanyuan zhang Bo zhang Huoming Shen Yuxing Wang Xin zhang Juan Liu School of Mechanics and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

This research explores the nonlinear bending behaviors of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced(FG-CNTR)shallow arches with unmovable simply supported ends and clarnped-clamped ends;these arches are subjected to a uniform radial pressure and rest on a nonlinear elastic *** temperature-dependent material properties of the arches are *** the framework of Reddy shear deformation theory possessing von Karman nonlinearity,the motion equations and boundary conditions for the FG-CNTR arches are determined by the Euler-Lagrange variational ***,a two-step perturbation technique is adopted to determine the load-deflection relationship *** verify the validity of the developed model and related perturbation solutions,a numerical investigation is conducted for shallow arches with five distribution patterns of carbon nanotube(CNT)reinforcements uniaxially aligned in the axial ***,the influences of various factors,including the elastic foundation,layout type,and volume fraction of CNTs and geometric factors,on the nonlinear behaviors of FG-CNTR shallow arches are *** obtained results show that the load deflection curves exhibit less snap-through instability as the CNT volume fraction *** transverse shear stress versus the thickness of FG-CNTR shallow arches is markedly affected by the layout type and content of reinforcements.

关键词： Nonlinear bending.Carbon nanotube-reinforced composites Shallow arches Two-step perturbation technique

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Effect of microstructure on the mechanical and corrosion behaviors of a hot-extruded nickel aluminum bronze

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2010年第2期23卷 113-120页

作者： Datong zhang Ruiping CHEN Weiwen zhang Zongqiang LUO yuanyuan LI School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China

In this paper, the influence of microstructure on the corrosion behavior of a hotextruded nickel aluminum bronze was studied. Three kinds of samples subjected to the hot-extrusion, anneMing and quenching conditions were prepared and immersion tests in 3.5% NaCl solution were carried out. Microstructures and corrosion surface morphologies of the samples were observed by SEM. It was found that the retained β＇ martensite and （α＋kiii） lamella eutectoid in the as hot-extruded material were eliminated after annealing, and corrosion resistance of the alloy was improved. As to the as-quenched material, its corrosion rate was higher than that of the as hotextruded material since the volume fraction of β＇ phase which was anodic to α phase increased after quenching. As regards the mechanical properties, the as-quenched sample possesses the highest hardness and tensile strength among the three kinds of samples, while the as-annealed sample possesses the highest elongation. That is to say, heat treatment plays different roles in the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the experimental alloy.

关键词： Nickel aluminum bronze Heat treatment Microstructure Mechanical properties Corrosion behavior

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