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Improved sea-ice radiative processes in a global coupled climate model

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第6期24卷 68-79页

作者： LIU Jiping zhang zhanhai WU Huiding School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA State Oceanic Administration Key Laboraory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200129 China State Oceanic Administration Key Laboraory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200129 China State Oceanic Administration Key Laboraory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200129 China National Marine Environmental Forecast Center Beijing 100081 China

The NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) coupled global climatemodel was used to investigate the sensitivity of sea ice to improved representations of sea-iceradiative processes: (1) a more sophisticated surface albedo scheme and (2) the penetration of solarradiation in sea ice. The results show that the large-scale sea-ice conditions are very sensitiveto the aforementioned parameteriza-tions. Although the more sophisticated surface albedo schemeproduces a more realistic seasonal cycle of the surface albedo as compared with the baselinesimulation, the resulting higher albedo relative to the baseline simulation generates much more andthicker ice in the arctic. The penetration of solar radiation in sea-ice itself tends to reduce theice cover and thickness in the entire arctic and the western antarctic, and increase the ice coverand thickness in the eastern antarctic. The combination of (1) and (2) significantly improves thesimulations of the average ice thickness and its spatial distribution in the arctic. The atmosphericresponses associated with sea-ice changes were also discussed. While improvements are seen,particularly of the ice thickness distribution, there are still some unrealistic aspects that willrequire further improvements to the sea-ice component.

关键词： sea ice GISS coupled model surface albedo penetration of solar radiation arctic and antarctic

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Interaction of an anticyclonic eddy with sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean:an eddy-resolving model study

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第3期32卷 54-62页

作者： LI Qun zhang zhanhai WU Huiding Polar Research Institute of China State Oceanic Administration National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center State Oceanic Administration

The dramatic decline of summer sea ice extent and thickness has been witnessed in the western Arctic Ocean in recent decades, which has motivated scientists to search for possible factors driving the sea ice variability. An eddy-resolving, ice-ocean coupled model covering the entire Arctic Ocean is implemented, with focus on the western Arctic Ocean. Special attention is paid to the summer Maskan coastal current （ACC）, which has a high temperature （up to 5℃ or more） in the upper layer due to the solar radiation over the open water at the lower latitude. Downstream of the ACC after Barrow Point, a surface-intensified anticyclonic eddy is frequently generated and propagate towards the Canada Basin during the summer season when sea ice has retreated away from the coast. Such an eddy has a warm core, and its source is high-temperature ACC water. A typical warm-core eddy is traced. It is trapped just below summer sea ice melt water and has a thickness about 60 m. Temperature in the eddy core reaches 2-3℃, and most water inside the eddy has a temperature over 1℃. With a definition of the eddy boundary, an eddy heat is calculated, which can melt 1 600 km2 of 1 m thick sea ice under extreme conditions.

关键词： eddy-resolving anticyclonic eddy sea ice western Arctic Ocean Alaskan coastal current

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Severe winter weather as a response to the lowest Arctic sea-ice anomalies

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第10期32卷 11-15页

作者： CHEN Hongxia LIU Na zhang zhanhai Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaState Oceanic Administration

Possible impact of reduced Arctic sea-ice on winter severe weather in China is investigated regarding the snowstorm over southern China in January 2008. The sea-ice conditions in the summer （July-September） and fall （September-November） of 2007 show that the sea-ice is the lowest that year. During the summer and fall of 2007, sea ice displayed a significant decrease in the East Siberian, the northern Chukchi Sea, the western Beaufort Sea, the Barents Sea, and the Kara Sea. A ECHAM5.4 atmospheric general circula- tion model is forced with realistic sea-ice conditions and strong thermal responses with warmer surface air temperature and higher-than-normal heat flux associated with the sea-ice anomalies are found. The model shows remote atmospheric responses over East Asia in January 2008, which result in severe snowstorm over southern China. Strong water-vapor transported from the Bay of Bengal and from the Pacific Ocean related to Arctic sea-ice anomalies in the fall （instead of summer） of 2007 is considered as one of the main causes of the snowstorm formation.

关键词： Arctic sea ice severe winter weather ECHAM5.4 atmospheric general circulation model

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Impact of Assimilation of Radiosonde and UAV Observations from the Southern Ocean in the Polar WRF Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第5期37卷 441-454页

作者： Qizhen SUN Timo VIHMA Marius OJONASSEN zhanhai zhang College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Polar Research and Forecasting Division National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterBeijing 100081China Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503Helsinki FI 00101Finland Geophysical Institute University of BergenPO Box 7803Bergen NO 5020Norway The University Centre in Svalbard PO Box 156Longyearbyen NO 9171Norway Key Laboratory for Polar Science of the State Oceanic Administration Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136China

Weather forecasting in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica is a challenge above all due to the rarity of observations to be assimilated in numerical weather prediction(NWP)*** observations are expensive and logistically challenging,it is important to evaluate the benefit that additional observations could bring to *** soundings applying unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have a large potential to supplement conventional radiosonde sounding ***,we applied UAV and radiosonde sounding observations from an RV Polarstern cruise in the ice-covered Weddell Sea in austral winter 2013 to evaluate the impact of their assimilation in the Polar version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(Polar WRF)*** experiments revealed small to moderate impacts of radiosonde and UAV data *** any case,the assimilation of sounding data from both radiosondes and UAVs improved the analyses of air temperature,wind speed,and humidity at the observation site for most of the ***,the impact on the results of 5-day-long Polar WRF experiments was often felt over distances of at least 300 km from the observation *** experiments succeeded in capturing the main features of the evolution of near-surface variables,but the effects of data assimilation varied between different *** to the limited vertical extent of the UAV observations,the impact of their assimilation was limited to the lowermost 1?2-km layer,and assimilation of radiosonde data was more beneficial for modeled sea level pressure and near-surface wind speed.

关键词： numerical weather prediction radiosonde soundings unmanned aerial vehicles data assimilation Antarctic Southern Ocean

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Simulation of arctic surface radiation and energy budget during the summertime using the single-column model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第1期27卷 1-12页

作者： LI Xiang WANG Hui zhang zhanhai WU Huiding Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory for Polar Science of State Oceanic Administration Polar Research Institute of China State Oceanic Administration Shanghai 200136 China National Marine Environmental Forecast Center State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081 China

The surface heat budget of the Arctic Ocean （SHEBA） project has shown that the study of the surface heat budget characteristics is crucial to understanding the interface process and environmental change in the polar region. An arctic single - column model （ARCSCM） of Colorado University is used to simulate the arctic surface radiation and energy budget during the summertime. The simulation results are analyzed and compared with the SHEBA measurements. Sensitivity analyses are performed to test microphysical and radiative parameterizations in this model. The results show that the ARCSCM model is able to simulate the surface radiation and energy budget in the arctic during the summertime, and the different parameterizations have a significant influence on the results. The combination of cloud microphysics and RRTM parameterizations can fairly derive the surface solar shortwave radiation and downwelling longwave radiation flux. But this cloud microphysics parameterization scheme deviates notably from the simulation of surface sensible and latent heat flux. Further improvement for the parameterization scheme applied to the Arctic Regions is necessary.

关键词： ARCSCM surface radiation and energy budget arctic simulation

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Arctic sea ice distribution in summer based on aerial photos

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第6期24卷 62-67页

作者： LU Peng LI Zhijun zhang zhanhai DONG Xilu State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200129 China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China

On the basis of aerial photos of sea ice in the Second Chinese NationalArctic Research Expdition during July and September 2003 in the area of 74.11°～79.56°N and144.17°～169.95°W, image processing techniques are used to acquire some geometric parameters offloes, such as fractal dimension, roundness and mean caliper diameter. Latitudinal variation ofmorphology of arctic ice floes is then obtained, after comparing fractal dimension and roundnesswhich represent geometry of floe edge, the latter is found to show a more obvious tendency withlatitude but still not enough to describe floe abrasion. Then mean caliper diameter of ice floe isused as characteristic size to analyze floe size distribution, the result reveals that cumulativeprobabilities of floe sizes agree well with a power-law function, and distribution dimension isgenerally in the range of 1.05～1.25 and slightly increases as the latitude increases. Howeverslight curvatures are still observed in the plots of cumulative probabilities as in formerresearches, which can be attributed to both the limitation of sampling area and effect ofthermodynamic process.

关键词： sea ice arctic ocean image processing fractals

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A numerical simulation of the generation and evolution of nonlinear internal waves across the Kara Strait

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 1-9页

作者： Qun Li Huiding Wu Hongwei Yang zhanhai zhang Polar Research Institute of China Ministry of Natural Resources College of Mathematics and Systems Science Shandong University of Science and Technology

Nonlinear internal waves(NIWs) are ubiquitous around the Kara Sea, a part of the Arctic Ocean that is north of Siberia. Three hot spot sources for internal waves, one of which is the Kara Strait, have been identified based on Envisat ASAR. The generation and evolution of the NIWs through the interactions of the tide and topography across the strait is studied based on a nonhydrostatic numerical model. The model captures most wave characteristics shown by satellite data. A typical inter-packets distance on the Barents Sea side is about 25 km in summer, with a phase speed about 0.65 m/s. A northward background current may intensify the accumulation of energy during generation, but it has little influence on the other properties of the generated waves. The single internal solitary wave(ISW) structure is a special phenomenon that follows major wave trains, with a distance about 5–8 km. This wave is generated with the leading wave packets during the same tidal period. When a steady current toward the Kara Sea is included, the basic generation process is similar, but the waves toward the Kara Sea weaken and display an internal bore-like structure with smaller amplitude than in the control experiment. In winter, due to the growth of sea ice, stratification across the Kara Strait is mainly determined by the salinity, with an almost uniform temperature close to freezing. A pycnocline deepens near the middle of the water depth(Barents Sea side), and the NIWs process is not as important as the NIWs process in summer. There is no fission process during the simulation.

关键词： nonlinear internal wave nonhydrostatic numerical model Kara Sea synthetic aperture radar

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Numerical　sea　ice　prediction　in　China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1998年第2期17卷 167-185页

作者： Wu, Huiding Bai, Shan zhang, zhanhai National Research Center for Marine Environmental Forecasts State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081 China

ＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｅａｉｃｅｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａＷｕＨｕｉｄｉｎｇ，ＢａｉＳｈａｎ，ＺｈａｎｇＺｈａｎｈａｉ１（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ１２，１９９６；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＪｕｎｅ５，１９９７）... 详细信息

ＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｅａｉｃｅｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａＷｕＨｕｉｄｉｎｇ，ＢａｉＳｈａｎ，ＺｈａｎｇＺｈａｎｈａｉ１（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ１２，１９９６；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＪｕｎｅ５，１９９７）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ──Ａｄｙｎａｍｉ...

关键词： prediction sea ice China Numerical

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Sensitivity and nonlinearity of Eurasian winter temperature response to recent Arctic sea ice loss

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第8期36卷 52-58页

作者： SUI Cuijuan zhang zhanhai YU Lejiang LI Yi SONG Mirong College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200129China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The recent decline in the Arctic sea ice has coincided with more cold winters in Eurasia. It has been hypothesized that the Arctic sea ice loss is causing more mid-latitude cold extremes and cold winters, yet there is lack of consensus in modeling studies on the impact of Arctic sea ice loss. Here we conducted modeling experiments with Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 （CAM5） to investigate the sensitivity and linearity of Eurasian winter temperature response to the Atlantic sector and Pacific sector of the Arctic sea ice loss. Our experiments indicate that the Arctic sea ice reduction can significantly affect the atmospheric circulation by strengthening the Siberian High, exciting the stationary Rossby wave train, and weakening the polar jet stream, which in turn induce the cooling in Eurasia. The temperature decreases by more than I^C in response to the ice loss in the Atlantic sector and the cooling is less and more shifts southward in response to the ice loss in the Pacific sector. More interestingly, sea ice loss in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors together barely induces cold temperatures in Eurasia, suggesting the nonlinearity of the atmospheric response to the Arctic sea ice loss.

关键词： cold winter CAM5 sensitivity experiment jet stream

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Investigation of Arctic air temperature extremes at north of 60°N in winter

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第11期36卷 51-60页

作者： SUI Cuijuan zhang zhanhai YU Lejiang LI Yi SONG Mirong College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081 China Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200129 China Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of China State Oceanic Administration Shanghai 200136 China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Air temperature is a key index reflecting climate change. Air temperature extremes are very important because they strongly influence the natural environment and societal activities. The Arctic air temperature extremes north of 60°N are investigated in the winter. Daily data from 238 stations at north of 60°N from the global summary of the day for the period 1979–2015 are used to study the trends of cold days, cold nights, warm days and warm nights during the wintertime. The results show a decreasing trend of cold days and nights（rate of –0.2 to –0.3 d/a） and an increasing trend of warm days and nights（rate of ＋0.2 to ＋0.3 d/a） in the Arctic. The mean temperature increases,which contributes to the increasing（decreasing） occurrence of warm（cold） days and nights. On the other hand,the variance at most stations decreased, leading to a reduced number of cold events. A positive AO（Arctic Oscillation） index leads to an increased（decreased） number of warm（cold） days and nights over northern Europe and western Russia and an increased（decreased） number of cold（warm） days and nights over the Bering Strait and Greenland. The lower extent of Arctic autumn sea ice leads to a decreased number of cold days and *** occurrences of abrupt changes are detected using the Mann-Kendall method for cold nights occurring in Canada in 1998 and for warm nights occurring in northwestern Eurasia in 1988. This abrupt change mainly resulted from the mean warming induced by south winds and an increased North Atlantic sea surface temperature.

关键词： extreme temperature events trend analysis abrupt change analysis composite analysis

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