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Decoding Human Biology and Disease Using Single-cell Omics Technologies

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2023年第5期21卷 926-949页

作者： Qiang Shi Xueyan Chen zemin zhang Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Changping Laboratory Beijing 102206China

Over the past decade,advances in single-cell omics(SCO)technologies have enabled the investigation of cellular heterogeneity at an unprecedented resolution and scale,opening a new avenue for understanding human biology and *** this review,we summarize the developments of sequencing-based SCO technologies and computational methods,and focus on considerable insights acquired from SCO sequencing studies to understand normal and diseased properties,with a particular emphasis on cancer *** also discuss the technological improvements of SCO and its possible contribution to fundamental research of the human,as well as its great potential in clinical diagnoses and personalized therapies of human disease.

关键词： Single-cell omics Computational method Cellular heterogeneity Disease Cancer research

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西南三个典型锑矿区锑砷赋存形态与污染特征

环境科学研究 2024年第7期37卷 1612-1625页

作者：赵清英张泽民谭昭李文杰李金花关潇中国环境科学研究院生态研究所北京100012 兰州大学生态学院甘肃兰州730000 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室北京100012

锑(antimony,Sb)是一种“新兴”的全球性环境污染物。为评估长期暴露的矿区主体中Sb、As共污染程度和采矿活动相关的生态效应,通过原子荧光法和Wenzel连续提取法对西南3个典型锑矿区Sb、砷(arsenic,As)全量和赋存形态进行了系统分析,采... 详细信息

锑(antimony,Sb)是一种“新兴”的全球性环境污染物。为评估长期暴露的矿区主体中Sb、As共污染程度和采矿活动相关的生态效应,通过原子荧光法和Wenzel连续提取法对西南3个典型锑矿区Sb、砷(arsenic,As)全量和赋存形态进行了系统分析,采用地累积指数法(I_(geo))、次生相与原生相比值(RSP)、沉积物污染指数(SPI)和潜在生态风险指数法(RI)进行污染状况和生态风险进行评价。结果表明:①Sb和As全量均超过《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 36600−2018)中第二类管制值;Sb全量分布表现为采矿区>冶炼区>尾矿区>对照区,As全量分布表现为尾矿区>采矿区>冶炼区>对照区;Sb和As的CV值均大于90%,具有广泛变异性。②Sb和As化学形态总体表现为残渣态(F5)>无定型铁铝氧化物结合态(F3)>晶质铁铝氧化物结合态(F4)>专性吸附态(F2)>非专性吸附态(F1);Sb在采矿与尾矿区主要以F3形态赋存,冶炼区主要以F5形态赋存;As主要以F3形态赋存。③Spearman相关性和冗余分析(RDA)显示,pH、SOM(土壤有机质)含量、EC和E_(h)在不同程度上影响Sb、As及其化学形态的赋存。④线性回归分析表明,外源Sb、As全量的增加引起了可提取态Sb[Sb(F1+F2+F3+F4)]含量和可提取态As[As(F1+F2+F3+F4)]含量的增加。⑤锑矿区整体I_(geo)与RSP值均大于2,属于偏重至严重污染;各功能分区RI均大于80,其中采矿区和冶炼区RI平均值达到了极强生态风险,表明西南锑矿区Sb、As共污染现象严重,其中Sb的贡献率最大,应优先进行管控;SPI与RI评价结果一致,污染程度表现为采矿区>冶炼区>尾矿区>对照区。研究显示,西南锑矿区Sb的潜在生态风险不容忽视,治理过程中应充分考虑Sb的化学赋存特征并制定分类施策、分区管控、分级治理的管理模式。

关键词：锑矿区 Wenzel连续提取法化学形态锑砷共污染潜在生态风险

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南丹锑矿区不同工业场地植物群落特征

环境工程技术学报 2024年第4期14卷 1374-1384页

作者：谭昭赵清英张泽民彭甜恬宋霓李文杰关潇中国环境科学研究院生态研究所兰州大学郑州大学

研究锑矿区不同工业场地植被群落特征及其影响因素,对于锑矿区的生态恢复和植被重建具有重要意义。以南丹县五一锑矿各工业场地植物群落为研究对象,并选择锑矿区周边未被破坏的植物群落作为对照区,探究锑矿区不同工业场地(采矿区、冶炼... 详细信息

研究锑矿区不同工业场地植被群落特征及其影响因素,对于锑矿区的生态恢复和植被重建具有重要意义。以南丹县五一锑矿各工业场地植物群落为研究对象,并选择锑矿区周边未被破坏的植物群落作为对照区,探究锑矿区不同工业场地(采矿区、冶炼区、尾矿区)植物群落物种组成与多样性及其与土壤因子的关系。结果显示:锑矿区各工业场地群落组成以菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Poaceae)为主,2科植物在锑矿区工业场地内为群落建群种和优势种。对照区与各工业场地植物群落组成差异显著(P采矿区>尾矿区>冶炼区(P<0.05),表明冶炼区群落复杂程度最低,群落结构最为简单,生态退化形势较为严重。矿区植物多样性与土壤含水率、pH及有机质、总钾、总氮含量呈正相关,与总磷含量、锑砷含量呈负相关,总锑、总砷和土壤含水率是影响锑矿各工业场地物种多样性的重要限制因子;重金属含量对尾矿区和采矿区植物群落多样性影响最强,土壤含水率对冶炼区影响最强。研究表明,工业场地植物物种数量下降,植被多样性指数降低,采矿等工业活动对矿区生态环境构成一定破坏和干扰,矿区植被恢复方案应考虑矿区场地类型和关键环境变量。

关键词：锑矿区植物群落特征工业场地物种多样性重金属

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New era of cancer immunology driven by big data

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Medical Review 2023年第6期3卷 449-451页

作者： Chunhong Zheng zemin zhang Peking University International Cancer Institute Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina School of Life Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityYiheyuan Road#5Beijing 100871China

Cancer immunology has witnessed remarkable development over the past *** the early 20^(th) century,William Coley embarked on pioneering efforts to activate the immune system against cancer using heat-killed Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens^([1]).These attempts yielded varying clinical outcomes,some of which were notably successful,providing early evidence of the immune system’s potential in combating *** into the mid-20th century,*** Thomas and *** Burnet introduced the concept“immune surveillance”^([2]).This theory proposed that the immune systemconstantlymonitors the body,identifying and eliminating emerging cancer cells to prevent them from developing into full-fledged *** concept laid the foundation for future research in cancer ***,the concept of immune evasion emerged,emphasizing how cancer cells can elude immune detection and destruction,enabling them to proliferate and spread within the ***,understanding and overcoming these mechanisms of immune escape became a pivotal focus of cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： elude eliminating immunology

电力作业生产全过程的风险识别与预警措施研究

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电力系统装备 2024年第7期 163-165页

作者：张泽民茹克亚·吐洪江冯菁漪新疆信息产业有限责任公司新疆乌鲁木齐830000

随着电力行业的快速发展,电力作业生产全过程面临的风险也日益增加。文章对电力作业生产全过程的常见风险进行了分类与分析,提出了一套基于风险识别和评估的预警措施。最后,结合实际案例分析了电力作业生产全过程的风险识别与预警措施... 详细信息

随着电力行业的快速发展,电力作业生产全过程面临的风险也日益增加。文章对电力作业生产全过程的常见风险进行了分类与分析,提出了一套基于风险识别和评估的预警措施。最后,结合实际案例分析了电力作业生产全过程的风险识别与预警措施的应用效果,并提出了完善和改进建议,旨在提出一套科学有效的预警措施,以保障电力作业的安全和稳定运行。

关键词：电力作业生产全过程风险识别预警措施

Integrating human single-cell data from multiple sources

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Quantitative Biology 2022年第3期10卷 299-300页

作者： Chenwei Li Zedao Liu zemin zhang BIOPIC Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has been a powerful tool for biomedical research and the number of scRNA-seq datasets has been growing rapidly thanks to the continuous advancement of library preparation *** addition to the increasing number of cells being profiled,there is a trend of conducting crosstissue analyses which build on the initial efforts that studied one tissue at a *** Human Cell Atlas[1]and Human BioMolecular Atlas Program[2]aim to systematically characterize the expression profiles of various human organs and cell types,and to form comprehensive references for single-cell transcriptome ***,due to the different data sources,how to effectively and consistently integrate these single-cell transcriptome datasets have remained as a great ***,there are three issues that need to be ***,traditional relational databases cannot meet the requirements of efficient storage and retrieval of scRNA-seq ***,novel indexing methods are required so that each single cell could be traced with multiple ***,standardized controlled vocabulary is required to annotate cell types in a unified manner.

关键词： organs Atlas sources

The variation in basal channels and basal melt rates of Pine Island Ice Shelf

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第1期43卷 22-34页

作者： Mingliang Liu zemin Wang Baojun zhang Xiangyu Song Jiachun An Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Polar Environment Monitoring and Public Governance(Wuhan University) Ministry of EducationWuhan 430079China School of Civil Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China Key Laboratory of Roads and Railway Engineering Safety Control(Shijiazhuang Tiedao University) Ministry of EducationShijiazhuang 050043China

In recent years,there has been a significant acceleration in the thinning,calving and retreat of the Pine Island Ice Shelf(PIIS).The basal channels,results of enhanced basal melting,have the potential to significantly impact the stability of the *** this study,we used a variety of remote sensing data,including Landsat,REMA DEM,ICESat-1 and ICESat-2 satellite altimetry observations,and Ice Bridge airborne measurements,to study the spatiotemporal changes in the basal channels from 2003 to 2020 and basal melt rate from 2010 to 2017 of the PIIS under the Eulerian *** found that the basal channels are highly developed in the PIIS,with a total length exceeding 450 *** of the basal channels are ocean-sourced or groundingline-sourced basal channels,caused by the rapid melting under the ice shelf or near the groundingline.A raised seabed prevented warm water intrusion into the eastern branch of the PIIS,resulting in a lower basal melt rate in that *** contrast,a deepsea trough facilitates warm seawater into the mainstream and the western branch of the PIIS,resulting in a higher basal melt rate in the main-stream,and the surface elevation changes above the basal channels of the mainstream and western branch are more *** El Ni?o event in 2015–2016 possibly slowed down the basal melting of the PIIS by modulating wind field,surface sea temperature and depth seawater *** and atmospheric changes were driven by El Ni?o,which can further explain and confirm the changes in the basal melting of the PIIS.

关键词： Pine Island Ice Shelf basal channel basal melt rate digital elevation models(DEMs) satellite altimetry

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盆底肌训练防治产后尿失禁的最佳证据总结

中华现代护理杂志 2024年第12期30卷 1604-1611页

作者：张嘉瑜闫欣段浩然冯瑶姚泽坤张泽敏白雪山西医科大学护理学院太原030000 山西医科大学第一医院国家药物临床试验机构太原030000

目的总结盆底肌训练防治产后尿失禁的相关证据,为临床实践提供指导和借鉴。方法根据"6S"金字塔证据模型,检索UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所、苏格兰院际指南网、新西兰指南组网站、国际指南协作网、医脉... 详细信息

目的总结盆底肌训练防治产后尿失禁的相关证据,为临床实践提供指导和借鉴。方法根据"6S"金字塔证据模型,检索UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所、苏格兰院际指南网、新西兰指南组网站、国际指南协作网、医脉通、澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心图书馆、Cochrane Library、专业协会网站、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、维普网等中与盆底肌训练防治产后尿失禁有关的各类证据资源,包括临床决策、指南、系统评价等。检索时限为2013年3月—2023年3月,经由2名经过系统培训的研究人员对文献质量进行评价,证据整合和提取。结果最终纳入22篇文献,其中8篇临床决策、6篇指南、7篇系统评价、1篇专家共识。从产后尿失禁的危险因素、预防、评估、治疗和健康指导5个方面汇总了21条最佳证据。结论本研究总结了盆底肌训练防治产后尿失禁的最佳证据,便于医护人员对孕产妇进行科学性的尿失禁评估、盆底肌训练宣教及指导。

关键词：盆底肌训练产后尿失禁证据总结循证实践护理

The history and advances in cancer immunotherapy:understanding the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their therapeutic implications

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第8期17卷 807-821页

作者： Yuanyuan zhang zemin zhang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University100871BeijingChina BIOPIC and School of Life Sciences Peking University100871BeijingChina

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and rejuvenated the field of tumor *** types of immunotherapy,including adoptive cell transfer(ACT)and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),have obtained durable clinical responses,but their efficacies vary,and only subsets of cancer patients can benefit from *** infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment(TME)have been shown to play a key role in tumor development and will affect the clinical outcomes of cancer *** profiling of tumor-infiltrating immune cells would shed light on the mechanisms of cancer–immune evasion,thus providing opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic ***,the highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the TME impedes the precise dissection of intratumoral immune *** recent advances in single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and mass cytometry,systematic interrogation of the TME is feasible and will provide insights into the functional diversities of tumor-infiltrating immune *** this review,we outline the recent progress in cancer immunotherapy,particularly by focusing on landmark studies and the recent single-cell characterization of tumor-associated immune cells,and we summarize the phenotypic diversities of intratumoral immune cells and their connections with cancer *** believe such a review could strengthen our understanding of the progress in cancer immunotherapy,facilitate the elucidation of immune cell modulation in tumor progression,and thus guide the development of novel immunotherapies for cancer treatment.

关键词： Immunotherapy Tumor microenvironment Single-cell technologies Tumor-infiltrating immune cells Phenotypic diversities