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Journal of Environmental sciences 1993年第2期5卷 194-200页

作者： zhang yuagrometeorological research center, Chinese {1. of meteorological sciences, beijing 1.0081. china Agrometeorological {1. center Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 10081 China. China

The growth process of winter wheat was simulated by CERES-wheat model assuming the daily temperature increase -1. 0,1. 2℃ and daily precipitation increase -20, -1., -5, 0, 5, 1., and 20 percent, respectively. The case study site is Zhenjiang City of Jiangsu Province in the east china. Simulation results show that the impacts of temperature variation on winter wheat is stronger than that of precipitation. Climate warming would speed development rate and shorten phonological period. In general, the adverse effect of climate change on grain yield is greater than that of its beneficial effect, especially when the climate becoming cooler and dryer. The increase of temperature and decrease of precipitation would reduce the plant extractablc soil water content.

关键词： climate change winter wheat CERES-wheat model.

Dipole anomaly in the Arctic atmosphere and winter Arctic sea ice motion

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Science china Earth {1. 2005年第9期48卷 1529-1536页

作者： WU Bingyi1. zhang Renhe1.& WANG Jia2 1. Chinese {1. of meteorological sciences, beijing 1.0081. china 2. International Arctic research center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA 1. Chinese academy of {1. sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. International Arctic research {1. University of Alaska Fairbanks 99775 AK USA

This paper investigates a previously-ignored atmospheric circulation anomaly-di- pole structure anomaly in the arctic atmosphere, and its relationship with the winter sea ice mo- tion, based on analyses of the International Arctic Buoy Programme Data (1.79―1.98) and datasets from the National center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National center for Atmospheric research (NCAR) for the period of 1.60―2002. The dipole structure anomaly is the second-leading mode of EOF of monthly mean SLP north of 70°N during the winter season (Oct.―Mar.), which accounts for 1.% of the variance. One of its two anomaly centers is over the Canadian Archipelago; the other is situated over northern Eurasia and the Siberian marginal seas. Due to the dipole structure anomaly’s strong meridionality, it becomes an important mechanism to drive both anomalous sea ice export out of the Arctic Basin and cold air outbreaks into the Barents Sea, the Nordic Seas and northern Europe.

关键词： dipole anomaly, winter season, Arctic, sea ice motion, sea ice export.

A preliminary analysis of physical mechanism of transformation process from a landed typhoon into an extratropical cyclone

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1992年第4期11卷 525-535页

作者： zhang Qiuqing and Ding Yihui 1. National {1. center for Marine. Environment Forecasts, beijing 1.0081. china2. academy of meteorological Science, State meteorological Administration, beijing 1.0081. china National research {1. for Marine Environment Forecasts Beijing 100081 China China

A diagnostic study is performed in the paper on the process of typhoon Norris (1.80) transforming into an ex-tratropical cyclone after its landing over Southeast china. The main findings are as follows:The changes of kinetic energy are mainly attributed to the generation due to non-divergent wind. During the early stage of the typhoon landing, there exits only a small quantity of kinetic energy exchanging with the environment. And after it is transformed into an extratropical cyclone, a large amount of kinetic energy is exported from the system toward the *** horizontal and vertical flux-divergence terms of eddy available potenlial energy are the prominent sinks in the budgets of eddy kinetic energy. The generations of eddy kinetic energy due to both the barotropic and baroclinic processes are source terms. The former is remarkable during the initial stage. But after the depression is transformed into an extratropical cyclone, the roles of the generation by the barotropic and baroclinic processes are reversed, 1. e. , the latter has become more significant than the *** heating is the most dominant heat source. The terms of vertical heat flux by cumulus and large-scale motion are the major sinks. And the latter is prominent after the system is transformed into an extratropical cycfone.

关键词： A preliminary analysis of physical mechanism of transformation process from a landed typhoon into an extratropical cyclone

Response of remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index to the 2006 Drought of eastern Sichuan Basin

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Science china Earth {1. 2008年第5期51卷 748-758页

作者： zhang WenJiang1, LU QiFeng2, GAO ZhiQiang3 & PENG Jian4 1 School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, china 2 National Satellite meteorological center, china meteorological Administration, beijing 1.0081. china 3 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 4 School of Environmental sciences, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 1. School of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China 2. National Statellite meteorological {1. China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China 3. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources {1. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 4. School of Environmental sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

One of the most serious droughts in last century occurred in eastern Sichuan Basin in the summer of 2006 (hereinafter called the Drought). The response of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, boarding on NASA satellites of Terra and Aqua) to the Drought was analyzed in order to reach one practicable monitoring solution for regional soil moisture. Temporal process and spatial extension of the Drought were firstly estimated with ground meteorological and hydrological observations. Then, for the whole region of Sichuan and Chongqing, the remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water In- dex (NDWI) for the summers of 2001.2006 were calculated based on 8-day composite MODIS products, which were further used to construct a new water index (Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index, NDWDI) to examine the sensitivity of remote sensing in the Drought. The study showed that the NDWDI is more sensitive to regional drought than other absolute-soil-moisture-based indices. With the new index, the study extracted the spatial-temporal characteristics of the 2006 Drought, and explored its developing and withdrawing processes, which agreed with related statistics. Compared with ground method of drought observation, the NDWDI-based remote sensing solution of this paper is more pref- erable and practicable in that the local soil properties of water consumption and supply are implicitly taken into account, and the spatial representativity limit of ground observation is circumvented to a degree as satellite remotely senses the earth surface in a way of two-dimensional pixel matrix. So, the NDWDI-based method can be used to monitor regional soil water stress situation more practically and efficiently.

关键词： Sichuan Basin drought Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index response of remote sensing regional scale

A one-dimensional heat transfer model of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and modeling of snow temperatures at Dome A, the summit of Antarctic Plateau

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Science china Earth {1. 2010年第5期53卷 763-772页

作者： CHEN BaiLian1,3, zhang RenHe2, SUN ShuFen1, BIAN LinGen2, XIAO CunDe4,2 & zhang TingJun5 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 Chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 1.0081. china 3 Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 4 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering research Institute, Chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 5 The National Snow and Ice Data center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0449, USA 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China2. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China4. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China5. The National Snow and Ice Data Center University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309-0449 USA

A vertical one-dimensional numerical model for heat transferring within the near-surface snow layer of the Antarctic Ice Sheet was developed based on simplified parameterizations of associated physical processes for the atmosphere, radiation, and snow/ice systems. Using the meteorological data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A (80°22′S, 70°22′E), we applied the model to simulate the seasonal temperature variation within a depth of 20 m. Comparison of modeled results with observed snow temperatures at 4 measurement depths (0.1. 1. 3, 1. m) shows good agreement and consistent seasonal variations. The model results reveal the vertical temperature structure within the near-surface snow layer and its seasonal variance with more details than those by limited measurements. Analyses on the model outputs of the surface energy fluxes show that: 1. the surface energy balance at Dome A is characterized by the compensation between negative net radiation and the positive sensible fluxes, and 2) the sensible heat is on average transported from the atmosphere to the snow, and has an evident increase in spring. The results are considered well representative for the highest interior Antarctic Plateau.

关键词： Antarctic Ice Sheet near-surface layer energy transfer numerical model

Advances in estimation methods of vegetation water content based on optical remote sensing techniques

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Science china(Technological {1.) 2010年第5期53卷 1159-1167页

作者： zhang JiaHua1,XU Yun1,YAO FengMei2,WANG PeiJuan1,GUO WenJuan1,LI Li1 & YANG LiMin3 1 Chinese academy of meteorological sciences,beijing 1.0081.china 2 Graduated University of Chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 3 USGS/EROS Data center,South Dakota 57198,USA 1. Chinese academy of {1. sciences Beijing 100081 China2. Graduated University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China3. USGS/EROS Data Center South Dakota 57198 USA

Quantitative estimation of vegetation water content(VWC) using optical remote sensing techniques is helpful in forest fire as-sessment,agricultural drought monitoring and crop yield *** paper reviews the research advances of VWC retrieval using spectral reflectance,spectral water index and radiative transfer model(RTM) *** also evaluates the reli-ability of VWC estimation using spectral water index from the observation data and the *** on two main definitions of VWC-the fuel moisture content(FMC) and the equivalent water thickness(EWT),the retrieval accuracies of FMC and EWT using vegetation water indices are ***,the measured information and the dataset are used to estimate VWC,the results show there are significant correlations among three kinds of vegetation water indices(i.e.,WSI,NDⅡ,NDWI1.40,WI/NDVI) and canopy FMC of winter wheat(n=45).Finally,the future development directions of VWC detection based on optical remote sensing techniques are also summarized.

关键词： optical remote sensing vegetation water content estimation method water index FMC EWT radiative transfer model

Numerical simulation of topography effects on the “00.7” severe rainfall in beijing

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第9期15卷 818-826页

作者： zhang Chaolin1.*, JI Chongping1. KUO Yinghwa2, FAN Shuiyong1. XUAN Chunyi3 and CHEN Min1.1. Institute of Urban Meteorology, {1. meteorological Administration, beijing 1.0089, {1. 2. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, National center for Atmospheric research, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, USA 3. beijing meteorological Bureau, beijing 1.0089, {1.) Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 China. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307-3000 USA. beijing {1. Bureau Beijing 100089 China

In an effort to study the severe rainfall event of 4—5th July 2000 in beijing (with 24h accumulated precipitation of 240 mm), we perform numerical simulations to investigate this event using the MM5v3.6 model. The model is initialized with the MM5/WRF 3DVAR analysis, which incorporates the ground-based GPS precipitable water vapor, automatic and conventional {1. observations in its assimilation step. For 24 h accumulated precipitation forecast, the threat scores are 0.72, 0.76, 0.67 and 0.63, for thresholds of 1. 5, 1., and 20 mm, respectively. Holding other factors unchanged, sensitivity experiments were conducted with different topographic resolutions of 1.0, 50 and 3.7 km to investigate the topographic effects on precipitation over the beijing area. In these sensitivity experiments, we attempt to preserve the realistic orographic distribution in the model topography under the condition of keeping the dynamic-thermodynamic consistency of the initial model atmosphere to the extent possible. Results indicate that the unique topographic distribution and variations in the beijing area play an important role in determining the location, distribution and intensity of heavy precipitation.

关键词： topography heavy rainfall 3DVAR ground-based GPS numerical simulation.

The onset and advance of the Asian summer monsoon

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Science Bulletin 2006年第1期51卷 80-88页

作者： Lü Junmei1.2,4, zhang Qingyun1. TAO Shiyan1.& JU Jianhua3 1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sci- ences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese {1. of sciences, beijing 1.0029, china 2. Department of Atmospheric sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091. china 3. china meteorological Administration Training Centre, beijing 1.0081. china 4. Graduate School of Chinese {1. of sciences, beijing 1.0039, china State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of Atmospheric sciences Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Graduate School of Chinese academy of {1. Beijing 100039 China china {1. Administration Training Centre Beijing 100081 China

Based on the daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from National Oceanic and At- mospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites, the Cli- mate Prediction center’s merged analysis of pre- cipitation (CMAP) data and the National centers for Environmental Prediction/National center for At- mospheric research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis dataset, the mean intraseasonal variability of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is investigated by using power spectrum analysis, band-pass filter, and diagnostic analyses. The processes of the onset and advance of monsoon over the southern part of Indo- china Peninsula, the east coast of Bay of Bengal, the South china Sea and the Indian subcontinent are explored. It is found that there is an abrupt change in OLR, precipitation and zonal wind during the onset and advance of the ASM. It is also indicated that the southern part of Indochina Peninsula and the adja- cent Andaman Sea is the region where the earliest onset of the ASM occurs in the 2nd pentad of May.

关键词： Asian summer monsoon intraseasonal variability onset advance.

On linking climate to Chinese dynastic change: Spatial and temporal variations of monsoonal rain

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第1期55卷 77-83页

作者： zhang DeEr1, LI Hong-Chun2,3, KU Teh-Lung2,4 & LU LongHua5 1 National Climate center, beijing 1.0081. china 2 Department of Earth sciences & research center of Ocean Environment and Technology, Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, china 3 School of Geographical sciences, Southwest University of china, Chongqing 400715, china 4 Department of Earth sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA 5 Chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 1.0081. china National Climate center Beijing China Department of Earth sciences & {1. center of Ocean Environment and Technology Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan China School of Geographical sciences Southwest University of China Chongqing China Department of Earth sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles USA Chinese academy of {1. sciences Beijing China

The causal correlation or linkage between the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) intensity and rise/fall of Chinese dynasties recently proposed by high-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions is examined in detail. Aside from many exceptions to the correlation, both instrumental and historical climate records show strong spatial variations of rainfall on annual-to-decadal scales over eastern china. The relationship between rainfall and EAM intensity also exhibits regional disparity. These observations suggest: (1. Tak-ing paleo-proxy records from a single locality in eastern china to imply changes in drought/wetness as to affect the cultural and political history of china is fraught with uncertainty. (2) On annual-to-decadal scales, the thesis that δ1.O in speleothems can be used as a proxy for the EAM strength lacks empirical underpinnings.

关键词：古气候重建东亚季风强降雨时空变化中国东部地区连接 EAM 高分辨率

Absolute radiometric calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band

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Science china(Technological {1.) 2005年第S2期48卷 72-90页

作者： zhang Yong1,2,3, GU Xingfa1,3,4, YU Tao1,3, zhang Yuxiang5, CHEN Liangfu1,3, LI Xiaoying1,2,3, LI Xiaowen1,3 & HE Liming6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese academy of sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china 3. The center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, beijing 100101, china 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. National Satellite meteorological center, beijing 1.0081. china 6. State Environmental Protection Administration, beijing 100029, china Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Ctr Natl Spaceborne Demonstrat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China INRA F-84914 Avignon France Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China State Environm Protect Adm Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Based on the laboratory calibration before launch of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal infrared channel, the onboard blackbody calibration, the radiometric cross- calibration against TERRA MODIS corresponding channel and the in-flight field calibration at Lake Qinghai: water surface radiometric calibration test site of china on Aug. 1., 2004 are carried out in this {1.. When making onboard blackbody calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, it is necessary to understand inside structures and light path in IRMSS camera and receive and process calibration blackbody signals at normal and high temperatures. Onboard blackbody calibration results of each detector are very important to relative radiometric calibration of images processing and absolute radiometric calibration of each detector. In-flight field calibration mainly contains field experiments, obtaining synchronous images, spectrum marching and MODTRAN radiative transmi- ssion computation. Radiometric cross-calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band against TERRA MODIS selected 6 times synchronous images of two sensors passing through Lake Qinghai and Lake Taihu from August to December, 2004 to compute the cross calibration data. Combining the in-flight field calibration and radiometric cross calibration data, the absolute radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated by the linear regression method. This new calibration model can obviously control the radiometric calibration uncertainties aroused by the single point method used in the in-flight calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, this kind of sensors cannot receive the cosmic background radiation. In this {1., the radiometric calibration coefficients obtained through the linear regression model are 8.53 (gain, unit: DN/W m?2sr?1.m?1. and 44.92 (offset, unit: DN).

关键词： CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band in-flight field calibration onboard blackbody calibration cross calibration.