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The preparation of supported ionic liquids (SILs) and their application in rare metals separation

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1479-1487页

作者： ZHU LiLi GUO Lin zhang ZhenJiang CHEN Ji zhang shaomin State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China Liming Research Institute of Chemical Industry Luoyang 471000China

This review summarizes the preparation methods of support ionic liquids （SILs） and their applications in rare metals separation The rare metals separation includes the recovery of high value metal ions and the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. SILs can be used as a kind of highly efficient multifunctional separation materials. The preparation methods of SILs include chemical immobilization technique in which ILs moieties are supported on solid supports via covalent bonds and physical immobilization techniques in which ILs are immobilized on solid supports via physical method such as simple im- pregnation, sol-gel method. According to the difference of solid supports, this review summarizes the application of polymer supported ionic liquids （P-SILs）, silica based material supported ionic liquids （SM-SILs） and membrane supported ionic liq- uids （M-SILs） in rare metals separation, P-SILs and SM-SILs prepared by chemical method with N-methylimidazolium group can be used as highly efficient anion exchangers with high thermal stability and good chemical stability for adsorption of Cr（Ⅵ）, Re（Ⅶ）, Ce（Ⅳ）. P-SILs prepared via simple impregnation afforded IL functionalized solvent impregnated resins （SIRs） which showed high separation efficiency and selectivity in the separation of rare earths（Ⅲ）（REs（Ⅲ））. SM-SILs prepared via sol-gel method with IL doped in the support as porogens or extractant show high removal efficiencies and excellent stability for the separation of RE（Ⅲ）, Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ）. M-SILs with IL as plasticizer or carrier show improved stability, high perme- ability coefficient and good selectivity for Cr（VI） transport. Different supports and different supporting methods were suffi- ciently compared. Based on the different practical application, different forms of SILs can be prepared for separation of rare metals with high separation efficiency and selectivity.

关键词： supported ionic liquid separation rare metals rare earth chromium

Raman scattering and photoluminescence of Fe-doped ZnO nanocantilever arrays

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第11期53卷 1639-1643页

作者： zhang Bin ZHOU shaomin WANG HaiWei DU ZuLiang Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China

Single crystalline Fe-doped ZnO nanocantilever arrays have been synthesized by thermal evaporating amorphous Zn-Fe-C-O composite powder. The characterizations of composition, structure and phonon spectrum properties of the nanocantilevers have been performed. Arrays of uniform, perfectly aligned and single-crystal nanowires have been observed by electron microscopy. The results of the X-ray photo-electric spectra and the Raman spectrum provide the evidence that Fe is incorporated into the ZnO lattice at Zn site. Abnormally, the room temperature UV emission band of Fe-doped ZnO nanocan-tilevers disappears and the green one has a large red-shift, and the intensity of the green emission is strongly quenched because the Fe3+ enters the ZnO crystal lattice.

关键词：纳米线阵列氧化锌铁掺杂喇曼散射光致发光

Analysis of petrophysical cutoffs of reservoir intervals with production capacity and with accumulation capacity in clastic reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2014年第2期11卷 211-219页

作者： Wang Yanzhong Cao Yingchang Song Guoqi Song Ling Yang Tian zhang shaomin School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Geological Science Research Institute Shengli Oilfield SINOPEC Western New Prospect Research Center of Shengli Oilfield SINOPEC

Methodologies have been developed for calculating cutoffs of reservoir intervals with production capacity （RIPC） and reservoir intervals with accumulation capacity （RIAC） according to the types of pore throat structures and dynamic force by using data from petrophysical analysis, production tests and mercury injection. The data are from clastic reservoirs in the third member （Es3） and the fourth member （Es4） of the Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo area on the North Slope of the Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression, China. The method of calculating cutoffs of RIPC is summarized as follows： 1） determination of permeability cutoffs of RIPC; 2） classification of types of pore-throat structures according to mercury injection data and then relating porosity to permeability and determining the relationship between porosity and permeability according to each type of pore-throat structure; and 3） calculating porosity cutoffs of RIPC using established correlation between porosity and permeability according to the type of pore throat structure. The method of calculating cutoffs of RIAC includes： 1） establishing a functional relationship between oil-water interracial tension and formation temperature; 2） calculating limiting values of maximum connected pore-throat radii according to formation temperature and dynamic forces of each reservoir interval; 3） correlating permeability with maximum connected pore-throat radius and then obtaining permeability cutoffs of RIAC; and 4） calculating porosity cutoffs on the basis of permeability cutoffs according to specific correlations, suitable for the type of porethroat structure. The results of this study show that porosity and permeability cutoffs of clastic reservoirs decrease with depth. For a fixed permeability cutoff, the porosity cutoff of R1PC varies because the type of pore throat is different. At a fixed temperature, porosity and permeability cutoffs of RIAC decrease as dynamic force increases. For a fixed permeability cutoff of ef

关键词： Effective reservoir petrophysical cutoff of reservoir intervals with production capacity(RIPC) petrophysical cutoff of reservoir intervals with accumulation capacity (RIAC) clastic rocks

Decoding grasp movement from monkey premotor cortex for real-time prosthetic hand control

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第20期58卷 2512-2520页

作者： HAO YaoYao zhang QiaoSheng zhang shaomin ZHAO Ting WANG YiWen CHEN WeiDong ZHENG XiaoXiang Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies Zhejiang University Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Zhejiang University College of Computer Science Zhejiang University

Brain machine interfaces (BMIs) have demonstrated lots of successful arm-related reach decoding in past decades, which provide a new hope for restoring the lost motor functions for the disabled. On the other hand, the more sophisticated hand grasp movement, which is more fundamental and crucial for daily life, was less referred. Current state of arts has specified some grasp related brain areas and offline decoding results; however, online decoding grasp movement and real-time neuroprosthetic control have not been systematically investigated. In this study, we obtained neural data from the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) when monkey reaching and grasping one of four differently shaped objects following visual cues. The four grasp gesture types with an additional resting state were classified asynchronously using a fuzzy k-nearest neighbor model, and an artificial hand was controlled online using a shared control strategy. The results showed that most of the neurons in PMd are tuned by reach and grasp movement, us- ing which we get a high average offline decoding accuracy of 97.1%. In the online demonstration, the instantaneous status of monkey grasping could be extracted successfully to control the artificial hand, with an event-wise accuracy of 85.1%. Overall, our results inspect the neural firing along the time course of grasp and for the first time enables asynchronous neural control of a prosthetic hand, which underline a feasible hand neural prosthesis in BMIs.

关键词：实时控制系统运动功能解码猴子皮层神经网络控制在线控制神经元

ODOR DISCRIMINATION BY MITRAL CELLS IN RAT OLFACTORY BULB USING MICROWIRE ARRAY RECORDING

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2012年第1期5卷 98-103页

作者： JUN ZHOU QI DONG LIUJING ZHUANG QINGJUN LIU shaomin zhang XIAOXIANG ZHENG PING WANG Key Lab for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies Zhejiang University HangzhouChina

Response features of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb were examined using principal component analysis to determine whether they contain information about odorant *** microwire electrode array to record from the olfactory bulb in freely breathing anesthetized rats,we recorded responses of different mitral cells to saturated vapor of anisole(1 M),carvone(1 M),isobutanol(1 M),citral(1 M)and isoamyl actate(1 M).The responses of single mitral cells to the same odorant varied over *** response profiles showed similarity during certain amount of period,which indicated that the response was not only depended on odor itself but also associated with ***,the responses of single mitral cell to different odorants were observed with difference in firing *** order to recognize different odorant stimuli,we apply four cells as a sensing group for classification using principal component *** of each cell’s response describing both temporal and frequency characteristics were *** results showed that five different single molecular odorants can be distinguished from each *** data suggest that action potentials of mitral cells may play a role in odor coding.

关键词： Mitral cell odor discrimination context-based response anesthetized rat

Model of decentralized cross-chain energy trading for power systems

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Global Energy Interconnection 2021年第3期4卷 324-334页

作者： shaomin zhang Cong Hou School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityEngineering Research Center of Intelligent Computing for Complex Energy SystemsMinistry of EducationHebei Baoding 071003P.R.China

With the development of the energy Internet, more distributed generators are connected to the power grid, resulting in numerous heterogeneous energy networks. However, different energy networks cannot perform efficient energy trading in the centralized management mode, this deeply affecting the complementary ability of heterogeneous energy, resulting in the islanded energy phenomenon. In this model, the same energy on the chain is traded within the chain, and the heterogeneous energy on different chains is traded across chains. To trade energy between heterogeneous energy networks more efficiently, the blockchain-based cross-chain model is proposed based on the existing infrastructure. Heterogeneous energy nodes are assigned to different energy sub-chains and cross-chain energy transactions are performed through a relay-chain, which utilizes the improved Boneh–Lynn–Shacham signature scheme consensus algorithm based on the proof-of-stake and practical Byzantine fault tolerance. The experimental simulations on energy trading efficiency, throughput, and security, show its superiority over existing systems. Further, the simulation results provide a reference for the application of cross-chain technology in energy interconnection.

关键词： Energy internet Blockchain Cross-chain transaction Distributed generation Consensus algorithm

Development of an invasive brain machine interface with a monkey model

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第16期57卷 2036-2045页

作者： zhang QiaoSheng zhang shaomin HAO YaoYao zhang HuaiJian ZHU JunMing ZHAO Ting zhang JianMin WANG YiWen ZHENG XiaoXiang CHEN WeiDong Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Neurosurgery Second Affiliated Hospital School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310009China

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) translate neural activities of the brain into specific instructions that can be carried out by external devices. BMIs have the potential to restore or augment motor functions of paralyzed patients suffering from spinal cord damage. The neural activities have been used to predict the 2D or 3D movement trajectory of monkey's arm or hand in many studies. However, there are few studies on decoding the wrist movement from neural activities in center-out paradigm. The present study developed an invasive BMI system with a monkey model using a 10×10-microelectrode array in the primary motor cortex. The monkey was trained to perform a two-dimensional forelimb wrist movement paradigm where neural activities and movement signals were simultaneous recorded. Results showed that neuronal firing rates highly correlated with forelimb wrist movement; > 70% (105/149) neurons exhibited specific firing changes during movement and > 36% (54/149) neurons were used to discriminate directional pairs. The neuronal firing rates were also used to predict the wrist moving directions and continuous trajectories of the forelimb wrist. The four directions could be classified with 96% accuracy using a support vector machine, and the correlation coefficients of trajectory prediction using a general regression neural network were above 0.8 for both horizontal and vertical directions. Results showed that this BMI system could predict monkey wrist movements in high accuracy through the use of neuronal firing information.

关键词：脑机接口子模型侵入性猴子神经活动运动功能轨迹预测回归神经网络

Pore Characteristics of the Fine-Grained Tight Reservoirs in the Yabulai Basin, Northwestern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第3期92卷 1170-1192页

作者： zhang shaomin CAO Yingchang Jens JAHREN ZHU Rukai MAO Zhiguo XI Kelai Kashif MUHAMMAD Helge HELLEVANG School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 Shandong China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071 Shandong China Department of Geosciences University of Oslo Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Beijing 100083 China

This work investigated the pore structure characteristics and reservoir features of the finegrained tight reservoirs in the lower member of the Xinhe Formation(J2x1) in the Xiaohu subsag,Yabulai Basin based on core samples through various techniques. Interbedded silt/fine sandstones and mudstones are developed in the study area. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images were used to delineate different types of pores, including primary intergranular pores, secondary intergranular and intragranular pores, organic pores and fractures. The pore types were distinguished by pore size, pore area, location and formation process. The pore radii of the fine-grained rocks range from 1 nm to 1.55μm, mainly concentrated between 5 and 300 nm by low pressure N2adsorption and MICP analyses. The pore structure parameters of pore throat size and pore throat sorting coefficient are both positively correlated with porosity, while pore throat sorting coefficient has a negative correlation with permeability. The pore structures of the studied samples are much related to the mineral type and content and grain size, followed by TOC content. In these rocks with relatively low TOC and low maturity, the rigid minerals protect pores with pressure shadow from collapse, and dissolution-related pores contribute a lot to inorganic porosity. In contrast, these rocks with abundant TOC contain a large number of organic pores. The permeability of the fine-grained tight reservoir is mainly dominated by larger pore throats, while a large number of small pores(mostly <0.1 μm) contribute considerably to porosity. These results have deepened our understanding of the interbedded fine-grained tight reservoirs and can be applicable to fine-grained reservoirs in a similar setting.

关键词： pore characteristics reservoir property fine-grained tight reservoirs Xinhe Formation Yabulai Basin China

Characteristics and Genesis of the Es_(1) Productive Sandstone Reservoir(Paleogene),Nanpu Sag,East China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第3期95卷 909-927页

作者： Kashif MUHAMMAD CAO Yingchang Ahsan NAVEED Asif MUHAMMAD YUAN Guanghui XI Kelai zhang shaomin XU Qisong MUsman TAHIR Isgandarov ORKHAN School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdaoShandong 266580China Department of Earth Sciences University of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan Institute of Geology University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan School of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdaoShandong 266580China

The Shahejie Formation is a fundamental rock unit for hydrocarbon exploration and production in the Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay *** including thin sectioning,core observations,fluorescence,scanning electron microscopy,cathodoluminescence,fluid inclusion,laser scanning confocal microscopy and geochemical analysis(C,O isotopes)were all utilized to investigate the reservoir characteristics and origin of the Es_(1)*** section study showed that the reservoir rock consisted of feldspathic litharenite and lithic *** reservoir pores are categorized as intergranular pores,fracture pores,dissolution pores and intergranular cement dissolution *** studied sandstone had good porosity(0.05%–35%)and permeability(0.006–7000 mD).The Es_(1) reservoir is classified as a fractured reservoir,a primary intergranular pore-associated reservoir and a dissolution ***,diagenesis and tectogenesis are the main factors that played important roles in the development of the *** is the foundation and assumption for reservoir development,but the effective reservoir is primarily controlled by primary pores,fractures,lithofacies,tectonic elements and dissolution ***,compaction,fracture filling and cementation were the primary sources of reservoir *** reservoir was progressively formed through the influence of different geological and diagenetic *** present study provides significant information and references for hydrocarbon exploration and development in the Nanpu Sag.

关键词： porosity Eocene sandstone Es1 reservoir Nanpu oil field