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The Four Most Basic Elements In Machine Cognition

Data Intelligence 2024年第2期6卷 297-319页

作者： Deyi Li Jialun Yin Tianlei zhang Wei Han Hong Bao Chinese Association for Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100101China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Trunk Beijing 100101China AIForceTech Beijing 100101China College of Robotics Beijing Union UniversityBeijing 100101China

The widespread use of ChatGPT has normalized the dialogue Turing *** meet this challenge,China's major national development strategy suggests that for a new generation of artificial intelligence,it is first necessary to answer the big questions raised by Turing in 1950 from the perspective of cognitive physics:Can machines think?How do machines think?How do machines cognize?Whether it is carbon-based human cognition or silicon-based machine cognition,it is an interaction between complex constructs composed of the four most basic elements:matter,energy,structure,and *** humans and machines depend on negative entropy for living,and time is the cornerstone of *** and time are parasitic on matter and energy in physical space,forming hard-structured *** soft-structured ware in cognitive space is mind,which is parasitic on the hard-structured ware or other existing soft-structured ware,and constitutes a rich hierarchy of multi-scale feelings,concepts,information,and ***"abstraction"from the symbolic school of artificial intelligence,"association"from the connectionist school,and"interaction"from the behaviorist school,the core of cognition is established on the shoulders of such scientific giants such as Schrodinger,Turing and *** and hard-structured ware *** machine can comprise heterogeneous hard-structured ware,such as field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs),data processing units(DPUs),central processing units(CPUs),graphics processing units(GPUs),tensor processing units(TPUs),and *** can also be implanted with the"Baby Cognitive Nucleus"which is hard-structured ware genetically inherited and naturally evolved to form the embodied *** the hard-structured ware is parasitized by rich,multi-scale soft-structured *** regulating matter and energy through soft-structured ware,machines produce orderly events,form coordinated and orderly thinking *** heterogeneous sensors configur

关键词： Cognitive physical science Negentropy Soft-structured ware Baby cognitive nucleus Intense thinking Embodied turing test

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Recent advances on liquid intercalation and exfoliation of transition metal dichalcogenides: From fundamentals to applications

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2088-2110页

作者： Yan Tu Lingbin Xie Mengyang zhang Shujuan Liu Zhongzhong Luo Longlu Wang Qiang Zhao State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM)Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics(Future Technology) Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and DevicesNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China

The weak van der Waals gap endows two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(2D TMDs)with the potential to realize guest intercalation and host ***,the liquid intercalation and exfoliation is a facile,low-cost,versatile and scalable strategy to modulate the structure and physiochemical property of TMDs via introducing foreign species into *** this review,firstly,we briefly introduce the resultant hybrid superlattice and disperse nanosheets with tailored properties fabricated via liquid intercalation and ***,we systematically analyze the intercalation phenomenon and limitations of various intercalants in chemical or electrochemical ***,we intensely discuss diverse functionalities of resultant materials,focusing on their potential applications in energy conversion,energy storage,water purification,electronics,thermoelectrics and ***,we highlight the challenges and outlooks for precise and mass production of 2D TMDs-based materials via liquid intercalation and *** review enriches the overview of liquid intercalation and exfoliation strategy,and paves the path for relevant high-performance devices.

关键词： two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides hybrid superlattice intercalation exfoliation

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HIV Infection and Associated Factors Among Out-of-School MSM Aged 16–24 Years—6 Cities and Tianjin Municipality,China,2022–2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第3期6卷 45-50页

作者： Hui Liu Qiyu Zhu Lei zhang Yujing Liu Peng Xu Mengjie Han National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Chinese Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control BeijingChina Beijing Chaoyang Kangzhong Health and Education Center BeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Approximately 80%of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)cases among individuals aged 15–24 years in China are attributed to out-ofschool *** is added by this report?This study presents findings on HIV prevalence and comprehensive insights into HIV service utilization,risky behaviors,and prevention knowledge among young out-of-school men who have sex with men(MSM)aged 16–24 years in *** population exhibits a disproportionately high burden of HIV,with only 51.6%of HIV cases previously *** are the implications for public health practice?HIV services should be expanded to include these key *** interventions are needed to remove barriers to regular HIV services faced by young key populations.

关键词： prevention remove expanded

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Non-destructive method of small sample sets for the maize moisture content measurement during filling based on NIRS

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第4期17卷 236-244页

作者： Tiemin Ma Guangyue zhang Xue Wang Shujuan Yi Changyuan Wang College of Information and Electrical Engineering Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing 163319HeilongjiangChina Daqing Center of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products and Processed Products Ministry of Agriculture Daqing 163319HeilongjiangChina Heilongjiang Province Research Center of Ecological Rice Seedling Raising Device and Whole Course Mechanized Engineering Technology Daqing 163319HeilongjiangChina College of Engineering Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing 163319HeilongjiangChina

In maize breeding,limitations on sampling quantity and associated costs for measuring maize grain moisture during filling are imposed by factors like the planting area of new varieties,maize plant density,effective experimental spikes,and other ***,the conventional method of detecting moisture content in maize grains is slow,damages seeds,and necessitates many sample sets,particularly for high moisture content ***,a strong demand exists for a non-destructive quantitative analysis model of maize moisture content using a small sample set during grain *** Bayes-Merged-Bootstrap(BMB)sample optimization method,which built upon the Bayes-Bootstrap sampling method and the concept of merging,was proposed.A critical concern in dealing with small samples is the relationship between data distribution,minimum sample value,and sample size,which has been thoroughly *** to the Bayes-Bootstrap sample selection method,the BMB method offers distinct advantages in the optimized selection of small samples for non-destructive *** quantitative analysis model for maize grain moisture content was established based on the support vector machine *** demonstrate that when the optimal resampling size is 1000 times or more than the original sample size using the BMB method,the model exhibits strong predictive capabilities,with a determination coefficient(R2)>0.989 and a relative prediction determination(RPD)>*** results of the 3 varieties experiment demonstrate the generality of the ***,it can be applied effectively in practical maize breeding and determining grain moisture content during maize machine harvesting.

关键词： near-infrared spectroscopy moisture content quantitative analysis small samples optimized maize grain during the filling stage

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Crowdsourced federated learning architecture with personalized privacy preservation

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2024年第3期5卷 192-206页

作者： Yunfan Xu Xuesong Qiu Fan zhang Jiakai Hao State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company Beijing 100031China

In crowdsourced federated learning,differential privacy is commonly used to prevent the aggregation server from recovering training data from the models uploaded by clients to achieve privacy ***,improper privacy budget settings and perturbation methods will severely impact model *** order to achieve a harmonious equilibrium between privacy preservation and model performance,we propose a novel architecture for crowdsourced federated learning with personalized privacy *** our architecture,to avoid the issue of poor model performance due to excessive privacy preservation requirements,we establish a two-stage dynamic game between the task requestor and clients to formulate the optimal privacy preservation strategy,allowing each client to independently control privacy preservation ***,we design a differential privacy perturbation mechanism based on weight *** divides the weights based on their relevance with local data,applying different levels of perturbation to different types of ***,we conduct experiments on the proposed perturbation mechanism,and the experimental results indicate that our approach can achieve better global model performance with the same privacy budget.

关键词： crowdsourced federated learning differential privacy privacy preservation two-stage game

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Tau Accumulation in the Spinal Cord Contributes to Chronic Inflammatory Pain by Upregulation of IL-1βand BDNF

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第4期40卷 466-482页

作者： Shuxia zhang Yeru Chen Yongjie Wang Hongwei Wang Dandan Yao Gang Chen Department of Anesthesiology School of MedicineSir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-Cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou311121China Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province Holistic Integrative Pharmacy InstitutesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou311121China

Microtubule-associated protein Tau is responsible for the stabilization of neuronal microtubules under normal physiological *** attention has been focused on Tau’s contribution to cognition,but little research has explored its role in emotions such as pain,anxiety,and *** the current study,we found a significant increase in the levels of p-Tau(Thr231),total Tau,IL-1β,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)on day 7 after complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)injection;they were present in the vast majority of neurons in the spinal dorsal *** of Mapt-shRNA recombinant adeno-associated virus into the spinal dorsal cord alleviated CFA-induced inflammatory pain and inhibited CFA-induced IL-1βand BDNF ***,Tau overexpression was sufficient to induce hyperalgesia by increasing the expression of IL-1βand ***,the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta partly contributed to Tau *** findings suggest that Tau in the dorsal horn could be a promising target for chronic inflammatory pain therapy.

关键词： Tau Inflammatory pain IL-1β BDNF

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Highly conductive and tough double-network hydrogels for smart electronics

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SmartMat 2024年第2期5卷 54-66页

作者： Dong zhang Yijing Tang Xiong Gong Yung Chang Jie Zheng Department of Chemical Biomolecularand Corrosion EngineeringThe University of AkronAkronOhioUSA School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of AkronAkronOhioUSA R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering Chung Yuan Christian UniversityTaiwanChina

Development and understanding of highly mechanically robust and electronically conducting hydrogels are extremely important for ever-increasing energy-based *** mixing/blending of conductive additives with hydrophilic polymer network prevents both high mechanical strength and electronic conductivity to be presented in polymer ***,we proposed a double-network(DN)engineering strategy to fabricate PVA/PPy DN hydrogels,consisting of a conductive PPy-PA network via in-situ ultrafast gelation and a tough PVA network via a subsequent freezing/thawing *** resultant PVA/PPy hydrogels exhibited superior mechanical and electrochemical properties,including electrical conductivity of~6.8 S/m,mechanical strength of~0.39 MPa,and elastic moduli of~0.1 *** further transformation of PVA/PPy hydrogels into supercapacitors,they demonstrated a high capacitance of~280.7 F/g and a cycle life of 2000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles with over 94.3%capacity retention at the current density of 2 mA/cm2 and even subzero temperatures of−20℃.Such enhanced mechanical performance and electronic conductivity of hydrogels are mainly stemmed from a synergistic combination of continuous electrically conductive PPy-PA network and the two interpenetrating DN *** in-situ gelation strategy is applicable to the integration of ionic-/electrical-conductive materials into DN hydrogels for smart-soft electronics,beyond the most commonly used PEDOT:PSS-based hydrogels.

关键词： conducting polymers double-network hydrogels smart electronics supercapacitors

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Online learning-based model predictive trajectory control forconnected and autonomous vehicles: Modeling and physical tests

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第2期7卷 86-96页

作者： Qianwen Li Peng zhang Handong Yao Zhiwei Chen Xiaopeng Li School of Environmental CivilAgricultural and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthens 30602USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison 53706USA Department of Civil Architecturaland Environmental EngineeringDrexel UniversityPhiladelphia 19104USA

Motivated by the promising benefits of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in improving fuelefficiency, mitigating congestion, and enhancing safety, numerous theoretical models have been proposed to plan CAVmultiple-step trajectories (time–specific speed/location trajectories) to accomplish various operations. However, limitedefforts have been made to develop proper trajectory control techniques to regulate vehicle movements to follow multiplesteptrajectories and test the performance of theoretical trajectory planning models with field experiments. Without aneffective control method, the benefits of theoretical models for CAV trajectory planning can be difficult to harvest. This studyproposes an online learning-based model predictive vehicle trajectory control structure to follow time–specific speed andlocation profiles. Unlike single-step controllers that are dominantly used in the literature, a multiple-step model predictivecontroller is adopted to control the vehicle’s longitudinal movements for higher accuracy. The model predictive controlleroutput (speed) cannot be interpreted by vehicles. A reinforcement learning agent is used to convert the speed value to thevehicle’s direct control variable (i.e., throttle/brake). The reinforcement learning agent captures real-time changes in theoperating environment. This is valuable in saving parameter calibration resources and improving trajectory control accuracy.A line tracking controller keeps vehicles on track. The proposed control structure is tested using reduced-scale robot *** adaptivity of the proposed control structure is demonstrated by changing the vehicle load. Then, experiments on twofundamental CAV platoon operations (i.e., platooning and split) show the effectiveness of the proposed trajectory controlstructure in regulating robot movements to follow time-specific reference trajectories.

关键词： connected and autonomous vehicles(CAVs) reinforcement learning physical tests time-specific speed and location longitudinal and lateral control

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Dynamic Routing of Multiple QoS-Required Flows in Cloud-Edge Autonomous Multi-Domain Data Center Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2287-2308页

作者： Shiyan zhang Ruohan Xu zhangbo Xu Cenhua Yu Yuyang Jiang Yuting Zhao School of Computer Science(National Pilot Software Engineering School) Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China College of Computer Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China College of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China

The 6th generation mobile networks(6G)network is a kind of multi-network interconnection and multi-scenario coexistence network,where multiple network domains break the original fixed boundaries to form connections and *** this paper,with the optimization objective of maximizing network utility while ensuring flows performance-centric weighted fairness,this paper designs a reinforcement learning-based cloud-edge autonomous multi-domain data center network architecture that achieves single-domain autonomy and multi-domain *** to the conflict between the utility of different flows,the bandwidth fairness allocation problem for various types of flows is formulated by considering different defined reward *** the tradeoff between fairness and utility,this paper deals with the corresponding reward functions for the cases where the flows undergo abrupt changes and smooth changes in the *** addition,to accommodate the Quality of Service(QoS)requirements for multiple types of flows,this paper proposes a multi-domain autonomous routing algorithm called LSTM+*** a Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)layer in the actor and critic networks,more information about temporal continuity is added,further enhancing the adaptive ability changes in the dynamic network *** LSTM+MADDPG algorithm is compared with the latest reinforcement learning algorithm by conducting experiments on real network topology and traffic traces,and the experimental results show that LSTM+MADDPG improves the delay convergence speed by 14.6%and delays the start moment of packet loss by 18.2%compared with other algorithms.

关键词： Multi-Domain data center networks autonomous routing

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Scalable graphene foam with ultrahigh conductivity for stabilizing Pt towards efficient hydrogen evolution

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 6968-6976页

作者： Ming Zhao Meng Huang Huihui Jin Dayin He Wei Qian Zixin zhang Daping He State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China School of Information Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology Sanya 572000China

For the carbon-based catalyst to be active and stable,especially in harsh electrochemical environments,the key is to decrease the concentration of defects and raise the degree of graphitization of the carbon ***,we develop a highly graphitized graphene foam with multiplicated structure to fabricate self-supporting Pt-based catalysts for efficient and stable hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)*** foam(GO-2850)is obtained through an ultra-high temperature treatment at 2850℃,with perfect graphene structure and extremely low defect,ensuring high electrical conductivity and corrosion ***,its multiplicated structure provides an inherently favorable environment for the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles(Pt NPs)and offers abundant channels for electrolyte infiltration during the catalytic *** a result,the as-prepared Pt/GO-2850 is far active and stable than the Pt NPs supported on commercial carbon paper(Pt/CP)counterpart toward catalyzing HER,exhibiting an outstanding activity and long-term durability(300 h@10 mA·cm^(−2))in acidic/alkaline/seawater *** can be attributed to the stronger interaction between the lower-defect GO-2850 substrate and Pt,as evidenced by characterization and theoretical *** work extends further insight into the design self-supporting catalysts of high activity and stability with promising prominent application toward green energy devices.

关键词： graphene foam high graphitization Pt nanoparticles hydrogen evolution reaction long-term stability

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