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Insights into electrolyte effects on photoactivities of dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第3期26卷 476-480页

作者： Xin Ding linlin zhang Yan Gao State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Institute of Artificial PhotosynthesisDUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular DevicesDalian University of Technology (DUT) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qingdao University

Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell（DS-PEC） is an especially attractive method to generate hydrogen via visible light driven water splitting. Electrolyte, an essential component of DS-PEC, plays a great role in determining the photoactivities of devices for water splitting. When using phosphate buffer（pH = 6.4）as electrolyte, the DS-PEC displayed much higher photoactivity than using 0.1 M Na;SO;（pH = 6.4） as electrolyte. The insight is phosphate anion gathers together to form a negative electrostatic field on TiO;surface, which increases the resistance in the TiO;/catalyst and electrolyte interface and validly reduces the charge recombination from TiO;to the oxidized catalyst.

关键词： Water splitting Molecular device Photoanode Electrolyte DS-PEC

Influences of the adsorption state of catalyst on the performance of DS-PEC for visible light driven water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第1期26卷 163-167页

作者： linlin zhang Yan Gao Xin Ding State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices Dalian University of Technology (DUT) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qingdao University Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province

Adsorption state of catalyst on photoanode is an important factor on influencing the performance of dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DS-PECs) for water splitting. Photoanode TiO2(1 + 2) was assembled with Ru(bpy)(3) phosphoric acid derivative (complex 1) as photosensitizer and complex 2 as water oxidation catalyst to compare with photoanode TiO2(1 + 3). The photocurrent density of photoanode TiO2(1 + 3) with catalyst 3 synthesized with only one end fixing on the surface of TiO2 is about four-fold of the photoanode assembled with catalyst 2 fixing with two claws on the surface of TiO2. The phenomenon should be caused by the littery arrangement and shorter distance of catalyst 2 from the active center of catalyst to TiO2 on the surface of semiconductor which led to lowly efficient electron transfer. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved

关键词： Water oxidation Photoelectrochemical Photoanode DS-PEC

Sequence variability of fibrinogen-related proteins(FREPs) in Crassostrea gigas

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第25期57卷 3312-3319页

作者： zhang linlin LI Li zhang GuoFan Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

Fibrinogen-related proteins(FREPs) are lectins with at least a fibrinogen-like *** are widespread in Mollusca and play an important role as immune pattern-recognition *** diverse molecules provide interesting models for the study of the evolution of innate *** oysters are among the most studied mollusks,there have been few investigations of this gene family in *** paper reports the cloning of the first oyster FREP,named CgFREP,from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea *** types of FREP(CgFREP-1 to CgFREP-5) were obtained based on a single pair of primers,confirming their high *** proteins deduced from these FREPs contained 253-363 amino acids and were divided into three subfamilies based on sequence identities(cutoff point <86%).The topological structure of the phylogenetic tree showed the five CgFREPs clustered together and were completely separated from the subgroup of FREPs obtained from Biomphalaria glabrata(BgFREPs).This implies that FREP diversity evolved before the BgFREPs branched *** interesting aspect of the CgFREPs was their individual ***-three SNPs and five indels were characterized among *** mutations(*** insertion in CgFREP-5) could cause premature translation *** alignments suggest recombination events might have occurred during exchanges between alleles,or by somatic diversification,or *** sequence variability parallels the extraordinary complexity of the innate immune system,suggesting a potential capacity to recognize and eliminate many kinds of pathogens,even in a primitive *** diversity of immune pattern-recognition receptors may offer an alternative strategy that functions in the absence of highly specific immune globulins,which only emerged in vertebrates.

关键词：太平洋牡蛎纤维蛋白原序列变异相关蛋白单核苷酸多态性免疫系统序列同源性系统进化树

Variability of Antarctic Intermediate Water south of Australia and its relationship with frontal waves

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第8期59卷 1674-1682页

作者： zhang linlin YAN XiaoMei SUN Che HU DunXin Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

A streamfunction EOF method is applied to a time series of hydrographic sections in the Southern Ocean south of Australia to study water mass variations. Results show that there are large thermohaline variations north of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) at 300–1500 dbar level, indicating upwelling and downwelling of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) along isopycnal surfaces. Based on the latest altimeter product, Absolute Dynamic Topography, a mechanism due to frontal wave propagation is proposed to explain this phenomenon, and an index for frontal waves is defined. When the frontal wave is in positive (negative) phase, the SAF flows northeastward (southeastward) with the fresh AAIW downwelling (upwelling). Such mesoscale processes greatly enhance cross-frontal exchanges of water masses. Spectral analysis shows that frontal waves in the Southern Ocean south of Australia are dominated by a period of about 130 days with a phase speed of 4 cm/s and a wavelength of 450 km.

关键词： Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW) Stream-coordinates Frontalwave EOF

CRISPR/Cas technology:a revolutionary approach for genome engineering

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第6期57卷 639-640页

作者： zhang linlin ZHOU Qi State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Precision genome editing tools are invaluable for biology, medicine and agriculture. With these tools we can determine the genetic basis underlying biological traits and processes, and then modify the genome of crops and livestock, model organisms, and even of patients, for phenotypic improvement, disease modeling and treatment. Site-specific nucleases provide a powerful and effective approach for precise genome editing in organisms.

关键词：基因组工程 AS技术革命性生物学特性编辑工具遗传基础模式生物农作物

Analysis and improving countermeasures of medical disputes from the perspective of legal changes

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Journal of Otology 2024年第4期19卷 247-250页

作者： zhang linlin zhang Shimeng Law School of Beijing Open University No.4 Zaojun TempleHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China Law at China University of Geosciences(Beijing) No.29 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing100083China

Under the background of medical disputes growing in number,scale and intensity,tracing back legal changes in medical field as a breakthrough point,this paper took a legal perspective to illustrate changes in medical dispute settlements from legislative orientation to legal system *** view of the fact that early legislation in medical field was biased towards identification and punishment of doctors’responsibility,and later intensive legislation in balancing increasing"medical trouble"phenomenon with limited effects and difficulties to abide by the law,this paper proposed to improve doctor-patient dispute settlements system in China referencing from foreign law experience,to reduce investigation of doctors at the judicial level,and to establish a settlement mechanism on doctors’apology at the legislative level,so as to promote a healthy development of doctor-patient relationship.

关键词： Medical disputes Doctor-patient relationship Medical legal changes Formal apology

Adaptive candidate estimation-assisted multi-objective particle swarm optimization

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 1685-1699页

作者： HAN HongGui zhang linlin HOU Ying QIAO JunFei Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Beijing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent System Beijing 100124China Engineering Research Center of Digital Community Ministry of EducationBeijing 100124China

The selection of global best(Gbest) exerts a high influence on the searching performance of multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm(MOPSO). The candidates of MOPSO in external archive are always estimated to select Gbest. However,in most estimation methods, the candidates are considered as the Gbest in a fixed way, which is difficult to adapt to varying evolutionary requirements for balance between convergence and diversity of MOPSO. To deal with this problem, an adaptive candidate estimation-assisted MOPSO(ACE-MOPSO) is proposed in this paper. First, the evolutionary state information,including both the global dominance information and global distribution information of non-dominated solutions, is introduced to describe the evolutionary states to extract the evolutionary requirements. Second, an adaptive candidate estimation method,based on two evaluation distances, is developed to select the excellent leader for balancing convergence and diversity during the dynamic evolutionary process. Third, a leader mutation strategy, using the elite local search(ELS), is devised to select Gbest to improve the searching ability of ACE-MOPSO. Fourth, the convergence analysis is given to prove the theoretical validity of ACE-MOPSO. Finally, this proposed algorithm is compared with popular algorithms on twenty-four benchmark functions. The results demonstrate that ACE-MOPSO has advanced performance in both convergence and diversity.

关键词： multi-objective particle swarm optimization evolutionary state information adaptive candidate estimation convergence and diversity convergence analysis

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Taxonomy and regeneration of a newly recorded Polychaete Capitella teleta(Annelida,Capitellidae)in the coastal water of Shandong,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第1期40卷 309-321页

作者： Qian LI Yongnan LI Yue WANG Xuwen WU linlin zhang CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology&Center of Deep Sea Research Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy&Phylogeny Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

The polychaete species of Capitella are widely distributed in the China seas,however little is known about Capitella taxonomy,and specimens collected from China have been identifi ed as Capitella capitata(Fabricius,1780)for more than 50 *** was considered to be Arctic and subarctic in distribution,therefore the records of *** in the China seas probably represent other species.A taxonomic study based on the samples collected from the northeast coastal water of Shandong Province reveals a diff erent species,Capitella teleta Blake et al.,2009,which is recorded in the China seas for the fi rst ***,*** can be easily distinguished from *** by the absence of neuropodial capillaries on chaetigers 8 and *** identity of *** is further supported by genetic distance and phylogenetic analyses assessed from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI)*** addition,the regeneration feature of *** was studied through whole mount immunohistochemistry and chemical *** amputation,the wound of *** was healed within 24 h,forming a signifi cant regeneration blastema by 3 days post amputation(dpa).By 5 dpa,muscle tissues regenerated,nerve fi bers also *** 7 dpa,neurites and muscle tissues are both signifi cantly ***,there are more than ten segments regenerated until 16 *** a highly opportunistic species,Capitella teleta is distributed in China,Japan,Korea,North America,and the *** is expected to be an excellent model for studying developmental genetics and evolution of regeneration.

关键词： Annelid Capitella teleta regeneration Chinese waters

Executive turnover in China's state-owned enterprises:Government-oriented or market-oriented?

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2018年第2期11卷 129-149页

作者： Feng Liu linlin zhang Center for Accounting Studies Xiamen University Center for Contemporary Accounting and Finance Research Sun Yat-sen University Sun Yat-sen Business School Sun Yat-sen University

Executive turnover is important in the governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs). Herein, we focus on the executive turnover of China's SOEs, and the implementation of related evaluation mechanisms under different levels of government intervention. We collect executive turnover data of listed Chinese SOEs from 1999 to 2012, and find that about half of the SOE executives leave office within two terms, which is in line with government recommendations. Moreover, we find that more than a third of executives leave after less than one term, and nearly 20% after more than two terms, highlighting the uncertainty and unpredictability of executive appointments in SOEs. We also find that the executive evaluation mechanism for SOEs is implemented differently under different levels of government intervention. SOEs under weak intervention, such as those controlled indirectly by governments, controlled with low shareholdings, from non-regulated industries or in the Eastern regions, prefer the market-oriented evaluation method, which places more weight on executives' economic performance. In contrast, those under strong intervention prefer the government-oriented evaluation method, which is characterized by policy burden.

关键词： Executive turnover China’s state-owned enterprises Performance Policy burden Managerial market