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research on the knee region of cosmic ray by using a novel type of electron-neutron detector array

Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 13-24页

作者： Bing-Bing Li Xin-hua Ma Shu-Wang Cui Hao-Kun Chen Tian-Lu Chen Danzengluobu wei Gao Hai-Bing Hu Denis Kuleshov Kirill Kurinov Hu Liu Mao-Yuan Liu Ye Liu Da-Yu Peng Yao-Hui Qi Oleg Shchegolev Yuri Stenkin Li-Qiao Yin Heng-Yu zhang Liang-wei zhang College of Physics Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray research Center Chengdu 610000China College of Science Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China Key Laboratory of Comic Rays Ministry of EducationTibet UniversityLhasa 850000China institute for Nuclear research of the Russian academy of sciences Moscow 117312Russia School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Management Science and Engineering Hebei University of Economics and BusinessShijiazhuang 050061China Moscow institute of Physics and Technology Moscow 141700Russia

By accurately measuring composition and energy spectrum of cosmic ray,the origin problem of so called“knee”region(energy>one PeV)can be ***,up to the present,the results of the spectrum in the knee region obtained by several previous experiments have shown obvious differences,so they cannot give effective evidence for judging the theoretical models on the origin of the ***,the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)has reported several major breakthroughs and important results in astro-particle physics *** on its advantages of wide-sky survey,high altitude location and large area detector arrays,the research content of LHAASO experiment mainly includes ultra high-energy gamma-ray astronomy,measurement of cosmic ray spectra in the knee region,searching for dark matter and new phenomena of particle physics at higher *** electron and thermal neutron detector(EN-Detector)is a new scintillator detector which applies thermal neutron detection technology to measure cosmic ray extensive air shower(EAS).This technology is an extension of *** EN-Detector Array(ENDA)can highly efficiently measure thermal neutrons generated by secondary hadrons so called“skeleton”of *** this paper,we perform the optimization of ENDA configuration,and obtain expectations on the ENDA results,including thermal neutron distribution,trigger efficiency and capability of cosmic ray composition *** obtained real data results are consistent with those by the Monte Carlo simulation.

关键词： cosmic ray EAS knee region LHAASO ENDA

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Evolutionary genomics of climatic adaptation and resilience to climate change in alfalfa

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Molecular Plant 2024年第6期17卷 867-883页

作者： Fan zhang Ruicai Long Zhiyao Ma hua Xiao Xiaodong Xu Zhongjie Liu Chunxue wei Yiwen Wang Yanling Peng Xuanwen Yang Xiaoya Shi Shuo Cao Mingna Li Ming Xu Fei He Xueqian Jiang Tiejun zhang Zhen Wang Xianran Li Long-Xi Yu Junmei Kang Zhiwu zhang Yongfeng Zhou Qingchuan Yang institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Shenzhen BranchGuangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Department of Crop and Soil sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99163USA U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural research Service Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing ResearchProsserWA 99350USA National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Tropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China

Given the escalating impact of climate change on agriculture and food security,gaining insights into the evolutionary dynamics of climatic adaptation and uncovering climate-adapted variation can empower the breeding of climate-resilient crops to face future climate ***(Medicago sativa ***),the queen of forages,shows remarkable adaptability across diverse global environments,making it an excellent model for investigating species responses to climate *** this study,we performed population genomic analyses using genome resequencing data from 702 accessions of 24 Medicago species to unravel alfalfa’s climatic adaptation and genetic susceptibility to future climate *** found that interspecific genetic exchange has contributed to the gene pool of alfalfa,particularly enriching defense and stress-response *** introgression between *** ***(***)and alfalfa not only aids alfalfa’s climatic adaptation but also introduces genetic burden.A total of 1671 genes were associated with climatic adaptation,and 5.7%of them were introgressions from *** integrating climate-associated variants and climate data,we identified populations that are vulnerable to future climate change,particularly in higher latitudes of the Northern *** findings serve as a clarion call for targeted conservation initiatives and breeding *** also identified preadaptive populations that demonstrate heightened resilience to climate fluctuations,illuminating a pathway for future breeding ***,this study enhances our understanding about the local adaptation mechanisms of alfalfa and facilitates the breeding of climate-resilient alfalfa cultivars,contributing to effective agricultural strategies for facing future climate change.

关键词： Medicago local adaptation population genetics adaptive introgression genetic vulnerability alfalfa breeding

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Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the risk of infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 1011-1020页

作者： Na Yang Li-Yun He Peng Liu Zi-Yi Li Yu-Cheng Yang Fan Ping Ling-Ling Xu wei Li hua-Bing zhang Yu-Xiu Li Department of Endocrinology Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health CommissionPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospitaland College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471000Henan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Since adverse events during treatment affect adherence and subsequent glycemic control,understanding the safety profile of oral anti-diabetic drugs is imperative for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)*** To evaluate the risk of infection in patients with T2DM treated with dipeptidyl-peptidase 4(DPP-4)*** Electronic databases were *** selection criteria included randomized controlled trials focused on cardiovascular *** these studies,the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors were directly compared to those of either other active anti-diabetic treatments or *** trials involving 53.16 patients were deemed *** calculated aggregate relative risks employing both random-effects and fixed-effects approaches,contingent upon the *** The application of DPP-4 inhibitors showed no significant link to the overall infection risk[0.98(0.95,1.02)]or the risk of serious infections[0.96(0.85,1.08)],additionally,no significant associations were found with opportunistic infections[0.69(0.46,1.04)],site-specific infections[respiratory infection 0.99(0.96,1.03),urinary tract infections 1.02(0.95,1.10),abdominal and gastrointestinal infections 1.02(0.83.1.25),skin structure and soft tissue infections 0.81(0.60,1.09),bone infections 0.96(0.68,1.36),and bloodstream infections 0.97(0.80,1.18)].CONCLUSION This meta-analysis of data from cardiovascular outcome trials revealed no heightened infection risk in patients undergoing DPP-4 inhibitor therapy compared to control cohorts.

关键词： T2DM drugs treatment

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Global and regional soil organic carbon estimates:Magnitudes and uncertainties

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 685-698页

作者： Ziqi LIN Yongjiu DAI Umakant MISHRA Guocheng WANG wei SHANGGUAN Wen zhang zhangcai QIN School of Atmospheric sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Computational Biology&Biophysics Sandia National LaboratoriesLivermore CA 94550USA Faculty of geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Globally,soil is the largest terrestrial carbon(C)*** quantification of soil organic C(SOC)stocks in existing global observation-based estimates avails accurate predictions in carbon-climate feedbacks and future climate *** investigated the magnitudes and distributions of global and regional SOC estimates(i.e.,density and stocks)based on five widely used global gridded SOC datasets,a regional permafrost dataset developed in 2021(UM2021),and a global-scale soil profile database(World Soil Information Service)reporting measurements of a series of physical and chemical edaphic *** five global gridded SOC datasets were the Harmonized World Soil Database(HWSD),World Inventory of Soil Emission Potentials at 30 arc-second resolution(WISE30sec),Global Soil Dataset for Earth System Models(GSDE),Global Gridded Soil Information at 250-m resolution(SoilGrids250m),and Global Soil Organic Carbon Map(GSOCmap).Our analyses showed that the magnitude and distribution of SOC varied widely among datasets,with certain datasets showing region-specific *** the global scale,SOC stocks at the top 30 and 100 cm were estimated to be 828(range:577–1171)and 1873(range:1086–2678)Pg C,*** estimates from GSDE,GSOCmap,and WISE30sec were comparable,and those of SoilGrids250m and HWSD were at the upper and lower *** spatial SOC distribution varied greatly among datasets,especially in the northern circumpolar and Tibetan Plateau permafrost ***,UM2021 and WISE30sec performed well in the northern circumpolar permafrost regions,and GSDE performed well in *** estimates of SOC by different datasets also showed large variabilities across different soil layers and *** discrepancies were generally smaller for the 0–30 cm soil than the 0–100 cm *** datasets demonstrated relatively higher agreement in grasslands,croplands,and shrublands/savannas than in other biomes(e.g.,wetlands).The users should be mindful of the gaps b

关键词： biome carbon cycle Earth System Models permafrost region soil dataset soil map

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Attributes of Specialized Households'Resilience and Its Impact on Rural Industrial Advancement:A Case Study of National Musical Instrument Production Specialized Households in Lankao County,Henan,china

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chinese geographical Science 2024年第3期34卷 383-400页

作者： WU Nalin wei Yike FAN Sizhe LI Li SUN Yufan zhang Yan SHU Yan Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions(Henan University) Ministry of Educa-tion/The College of Geography and Environmental ScienceHenan UniversityKaifeng 475001China College of Urban and Envir-onmental Science Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Specialized households serve as the primary units within specialized villages in china,and their capacity to withstand risks and external influences significantly shapes the future trajectory of specialized villages and the overall vitality of the rural *** this study,we established a measurement indicator system based on the definition of specialized households’resilience,elucidating the logical connection between specialized households’resilience and rural industrial development in *** musical instrument industry in Lankao County,Henan Province of china,was employed as a case;survey data,the entropy method,and an obstacle diagnosis model were used to examine how instrument production specialized households responded to the challenges posed by Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)and the tightening of national environmental protection policies,yielding the following key findings:1)there exists substantial variation in the comprehensive resilience levels among different specialized households;2)the ability to learn and adapt is the most significant contributor to the overall resilience level of specialized households;3)technological proficiency and access to skilled talent emerge as pivotal factors influencing specialized households’resilience;4)the positioning of specialized households within the industrial supply chain and the stability of their income have a direct bearing on their resilience *** influence of specialized households’resilience on industrial development primarily manifests in the following ways:stronger resilience correlates with increased stability in production and sales,fostering a more proactive approach to future ***,heightened exposure to the external macroeconomic environment can lead to a higher rate of export *** enhance the development resilience of entities like specialized households and family farms,and to invigorate rural economic development,escalating investments in rural science and technology

关键词： resilience specialized households rural industry Lankao County,china

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Study of the response of 10B-doped MCP to wide-energy range neutrons from eV to MeV

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第8期35卷 132-141页

作者： Qiang Li Li‑Jiao Wang Xiang‑Biao Qiu Jing‑Wen Li wei Xu Tao Li Ze‑Bin Lin Chang‑Jun Ning Yong‑Hao Chen Rui‑Rui Fan Kang Sun Jing‑Yu Tang Rong zhang Han‑Tao Jing Bo Mei Qi An Hao‑Fan Bai Jiang‑Bo Bai Jie Bao Ping Cao Qi‑Ping Chen Zhen Chen Zeng‑Qi Cui An‑Chuan Fan Chang‑Qing Feng Fan‑Zhen Feng Ke‑Qing Gao Min‑Hao Gu Chang‑Cai Han Zi‑Jie Han Guo‑Zhu He Yong‑Cheng He Yang Hong Yi‑wei Hu Han‑Xiong huang wei‑hua Jia Hao‑Yu Jiang wei Jiang Zhi‑Jie Jiang zheng‑Yao Jin Ling Kang Bo Li Chao Li Gong Li Jia‑Wen Li Xiao Li Yang Li Jie Liu Rong Liu Shu‑Bin Liu Guang‑Yuan Luan Bin‑Bin Qi Jie Ren Zhi‑Zhou Ren Xi‑Chao Ruan Zhao‑Hui Song Zhi‑Xin Tan Sheng‑Da Tang Peng‑Cheng Wang Zhao‑Hui Wang Zhong‑wei Wen Xiao‑Guang Wu Xuan Wu Li‑Kun Xie Yi‑wei Yang Han Yi Yong‑Ji Yu Guo‑Hui zhang Lin‑Hao zhang Mo‑Han zhang Qi‑wei zhang Xian‑Peng zhang Yu‑Liang zhang Yue zhang Zhi‑Yong zhang Mao‑Yuan Zhao Lu‑Ping Zhou Zhi‑Hao Zhou Ke‑Jun Zhu institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Dongguan Songshan Lake Future School Dongguan 523808China North Night Vision Science&Technology(Nanjing)research institute Co.Ltd. Nanjing 211106China Sino‑French institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China USTC Archaeometry Lab University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Northwest institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Neutron-sensitive microchannel plates(nMCPs)have applications in neutron detection,including energy spectrum measurements,neutron-induced cross sections,and neutron imaging.10B-doped MCPs(B-MCPs)have attracted significant attention owing to their potential for exhibiting a high neutron detection efficiency over a large neutron energy *** spatial and temporal resolutions are useful for neutron energy-resolved ***,their practical applications still face many technical *** this study,a B-MCP with 10 mol%10B was tested for its response to wide-energy neutrons from eV to MeV at the Back-n white neutron source at the china Spallation Neutron *** neutron detection efficiency was calibrated at 1 eV,which is approximately 300 times that of an ordinary MCP and indicates the success of 10 B *** factors that caused the reduction in the detection efficiency were simulated and *** neutron energy spectrum obtained using B-MCP was compared with that obtained by other measurement methods,and showed very good consistency for neutron energies below tens of *** response is more complicated at higher neutron energy,at which point the elastic and nonelastic reactions of all nuclides of B-MCP gradually become *** is beneficial for the detection of neutrons,as it compensates for the detection efficiency of B-MCP for high-energy neutrons.

关键词： Neutron radiation image 10B-doped MCP Neutron response Wide-energy range neutrons

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Landscape of human organoids:Ideal model in clinics and research

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 146-164页

作者： Xinxin Han Chunhui Cai wei Deng Yanghua Shi Lanyang Li Chen Wang Jian zhang Mingjie Rong Jiping Liu Bangjiang Fang hua He Xiling Liu Chuxia Deng Xiao He Xin Cao Organ Regeneration X Lab Lisheng East China Institute of BiotechnologyPeking UniversityJiangsu 226200China Shanghai Lisheng Biotech Shanghai 200092China Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine725 Wanping South RoadXuhui DistrictShanghai 200032China Department of Oncology Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200125China Department of Neurosurgery Third Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine Shanghai Forensic Service PlatformAcademy of Forensic ScienceMinistry of JusticeShanghai 200063China Cancer Center Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacaoTaipaMacao SARChina Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology University of MacaoTaipaMacao SAR 999078China CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Zhongshan Hospital institute of Clinical Science Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghai 200032China

In the last decade,organoid research has entered a golden era,signifying a pivotal shift in the biomedical *** year 2023 marked a milestone with the publication of thousands of papers in this arena,reflecting exponential ***,amid this burgeoning expansion,a comprehensive and accurate overview of the field has been conspicuously *** review is intended to bridge this gap,providing a panoramic view of the rapidly evolving organoid *** meticulously analyze the organoid field from eight distinctive vantage points,harnessing our rich experience in academic research,industrial application,and clinical *** present a deep exploration of the advances in organoid technology,underpinned by our long-standing involvement in this *** narrative traverses the historical genesis of organoids and their transformative impact across various biomedical sectors,including oncology,toxicology,and drug *** delve into the synergy between organoids and avant-garde technologies such as synthetic biology and single-cell omics and discuss their pivotal role in tailoring personalized medicine,enhancing high-throughput drug screening,and constructing physiologically pertinent disease *** comprehensive analysis and reflective discourse provide a deep dive into the existing landscape and emerging trends in organoid *** spotlight technological innovations,methodological evolution,and the broadening spectrum of applications,emphasizing the revolutionary influence of organoids in personalized medicine,oncology,drug discovery,and other *** ahead,we cautiously anticipate future developments in the field of organoid research,especially its potential implications for personalized patient care,new avenues of drug discovery,and clinical *** trust that our comprehensive review will be an asset for researchers,clinicians,and patients with keen interest in personalized medical *** offer a broad view of the

关键词： landscape intended advances

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Nutrient enrichment driven by canopy rainfall redistribution:Mechanism,quantification,and pattern

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Science china Earth sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1529-1544页

作者： Chuan YUAN Xiaoping YUE Yafeng zhang Yu zhang Yanting HU Qiang TANG Li GUO Shuai WANG Xingwu DUAN Wenhua XIANG Xiaohua wei Xiaoyan LI College of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Shapotou Desert research and Experiment Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of geographical sciences Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development Institute of International Rivers and Eco-securityYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Department of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesUniversity of British Columbia(Okanagan)KelownaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada

Vegetation canopies intercept and redistribute rainfall into throughfall and stemflow,which transfer substantial amounts of elements into the soil,influencing soil microbial community,plant survival,and plant community *** advancements in ecohydrological research,the implication of nutrient enrichment resulting from this redistribution of rainfall by canopies remains largely *** address this gap,we conducted a systematic review of 1020 papers published between 2000 and 2022,gathering data on nutrient concentration and enrichment for critical ions(including K^(+),Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),NH_(4)^(+),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-))from the Web of Science and chinese Knowledge Infrastructure *** aimed to synthesize the mechanisms,quantify the enrichments,and identify global patterns of nutrient enrichment in stemflow and throughfall across climate zones,and vegetation types and *** results of this study indicate that stemflow exhibits,on average,2.1times greater ion concentration(6.13 mg L^(-1))compared to *** particular,among the investigated ions,SO_(4)^(2-)(12.45and 6.32 mg L^(-1))for stemflow and throughfall,respectively,and Cl^(-)(9.21 and 4.81 mg L^(-1))exhibit the highest concentrations in both rainfall redistribution components,while K^(+)(13.7 and 5.8)and Mg^(2+)(5.6 and 2.8)have the highest enrichment *** climate zones,throughfall and stemflow show the lowest ion concentrations but the highest enrichment factors in extremely humid *** the temperature gradient,ion concentrations are the highest in cold climates with no clear patterns observed for enrichment factors with increasing *** addition,shrubs,conifers,mixed forests,and artificial ecosystems demonstrate enrichment factors 1.1 to 3.0 times greater than those of trees,broad-leaved plants,pure forests,and natural *** findings emphasize the need for increased attentions to artificial ecosystems,such as urban

关键词： Ecohydrology Rainfall redistribution Nutrients transport Enrichment characteristics Climate zones

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Nondestructive technique for identifying nuclides using neutron resonance transmission analysis at CSNS Back-n

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 178-187页

作者： Sheng-Da Tang Yong-Hao Chen Jing-Yu Tang Rui-Rui Fan Qiang Li Gong Li Dong Liu zheng-Yao Jin Xing-Zhu Cui Tian-Xiang Chen Yi-wei Yang Rong Liu Han Yi Yang Li Zhen Yang Qi An Hao-Fan Bai Jiang-Bo Bai Jie Bao Ping Cao Qi-Ping Chen Zhen Chen Zeng-Qi Cui An-Chuan Fan Chang-Qing Feng Fan-Zhen Feng Ke-Qing Gao Min-Hao Gu Chang-Cai Han Zi-Jie Han Guo-Zhu He Yong-Cheng He Yang Hong Yi-wei Hu Han-Xiong huang wei-hua Jia Hao-yu Jiang wei Jiang Zhi-jie Jiang Ling Kang Bo Li Chao Li Jia-Wen Li Xiao Li Jie Liu Shu-Bin Liu Guang-Yuan Luan Chang-Jun Ning Bin-Bin Qi Jie Ren Zhi-Zhou Ren Xi-Chao Ruan Zhao-Hui Song Kang Sun Zhi-Xin Tan Li-Jiao Wang Peng-Cheng Wang Zhao-Hui Wang Zhong-wei Wen Xiao-Guang Wu Xuan Wu Li-Kun Xie Yong-Ji Yu Guo-Hui zhang Lin-Hao zhang Mo-Han zhang Qi-wei zhang Xian-Peng zhang Yu-Liang zhang Yue zhang Zhi-Yong zhang Mao-Yuan Zhao Lu-Ping Zhou Zhi-Hao Zhou Ke-Jun Zhu Sino-French institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China institute of High-Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China USTC Archaeometry Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China Northwest institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Nondestructive and noninvasive neutron assays are essential applications of neutron *** resonance transmission analysis(NRTA)is a powerful nondestructive method for investigating the elemental composition of an *** back-streaming neutron line(Back-n)is a newly built time-of-flight facility at the china Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)that provides neutrons in the eV to 300 MeV range.A feasibility study of the NRTA method for nuclide identification was conducted at the CSNS Back-n via two test *** results demonstrate that it is feasible to identify different elements and isotopes in samples using the NRTA method at *** study reveals its potential future applications.

关键词： CSNS White neutron beam NRTA Nuclide identification Nondestructive method

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Climate change on the southern slope of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest） Region in Nepal since 1971

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Journal of geographical sciences 2013年第4期23卷 595-611页

作者：祁威张镱锂高俊刚杨续超刘林山 Narendra R.KHANAL institute of Geographic sciences and natural resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China institute of Meteorology Zhejiang Meteorological Bureau Hangzhou 310017 China Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal

Based on monthly mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature and monthly mean precipitation data from 10 meteorological stations on the southern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region in Nepal between 1971 and 2009, the spatial and temporal characteristics of climatic change in this region were analyzed using climatic linear trend, Sen＇s Slope Estimates and Mann-Kendall Test analysis methods. This paper focuses only on the southern slope and attempts to compare the results with those from the northern slope to clarify the characteristics and trends of climatic change in the Mt. Qomolangma region. The results showed that：（1） between 1971 and 2009, the annual mean temperature in the study area was 20.0℃, the rising rate of annual mean temperature was 0.25℃/10a, and the temperature increases were highly influenced by the maximum temperature in this region. On the other hand, the temperature increases on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma region were highly influenced by the minimum temperature. In 1974 and 1992, the temperature rose noticeably in February and September in the southern region when the increment passed 0.9℃. （2） Precipitation had an asymmetric distribution; between 1971 and 2009, the annual precipitation was 1729.01 mm. In this region, precipitation showed an increasing trend of 4.27 mm/a, but this was not statistically significant. In addition, the increase in rainfall was mainly concentrated in the period from April to October, including the entire monsoon period （from June to September） when precipitation accounts for about 78.9% of the annual total. （3） The influence of altitude on climate warming was not clear in the southern region, whereas the trend of climate warming was obvious on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma. The annual mean precipitation in the southern region was much higher than that of the northern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region. This shows the barrier effect of the Himalayas as a whole and Mt. Qomolangma in particular.

关键词： climate change Mann-Kendall analysis Mt. Qomolangma region Koshi River Nepal

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