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中国植物病理学会2017年学术年会

作者： Yang Jian zhang Fen Li Jing Chen Jianping zhang hengmu State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control Key Laboratory of Plant Protection and BiotechnologyMinistry of Agriculture Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Chinese wheat mosaic virus(CWMV) is one of recognised members within the genus Furovirus(family Virgaviridae) which naturally infects cereal plants and transmitted by Polymyxa graminis.Infected plants display typical symptoms,including light chlorotic streaking on the young leaves and bright yellow chlorotic streaking or even purple chlorotic stripes on old leaves.The virus has rigid rodshaped particles with predominant lengths of 140 160 nm and 260 300 nm and contains a bipartite single-strand positive RNA(ssRNA) genome,which encodes three proteins,required for viral replication and movement,on RNA1 and four proteins,a major coat protein(CP),two minor CP-related proteins,and a RNA silencing suppressor,on RNA2.In the past years,we firstly produced the infectious full-length cDNA clones of CWMV and initiated its reverse genetics in wheat and N.benthamiana plants.Previous studies have shown that CWMV infects wheat and N.benthamiana at 16℃ but not at24℃ and that the optimal temperature for replication of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus(SBWMV,another member of genus Furovirus) was 17℃ inbarley protoplasts.However,the mechanism of temperature dependence remains largely unknown.To characterizethe biological properties of CWMV,here its infectious full-length cDNA clones were applied to analyze the viral temperature sensitivity.The infectious constructs were agro-infiltrated onto N.benthamiana plants grown at a range of temperatures(including 12℃,15℃,17℃,20℃,and 25℃).Two weeks after infiltration,the inoculated and upper leaves were tested by northern blotting assays.Interestingly,in the inoculated leaves the accumulation of viral RNAs was greatest at 12℃,next at 15℃ and much less at 25℃.However,in the upper leaves,the accumulation of viral RNAs was greatest at 17℃,next at 15℃ and there were almost no signals of viral RNA accumulation at lower(12℃) or higher temperatures(20℃ and 25℃).These results indicated that CWMV replicates best at low temperatures but that the optimal temperature for systemic infection was17℃,putativel

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Molecular architecture and engineering of spider dragline silk protein

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第9期15卷 769-776页

作者： zhang hengmu and LIU Jinyuan(Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China) Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Spider dragline silk, which is produced in spider major ampullate gland, is a composite proteinacious fiber with highly repetitive Ala-Gly-rich domain. The unique combination of both high tensile strength and high elasticity makes spider dragline silk superior to almost any other natural or synthetic fibers. Cloning of the genes reveals that the silk is composed of at least two major proteins. Each protein component contains multiple repeats of modular structures that alternate between Ala-rich domains and Gly-rich domains. Molecular engineering not only opens a door to the production of spidroins but also provides a valuable experimental system to test and further establish the relationship between modular structures and mechanical properties. Here, based on our own studies, we review the latest progress of the modular structure and genetic engineering and outline the future prospects.

关键词： spider dragline silk protein modular structure molecular engineering.

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Characterization of interaction between southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus（SRBSDV）minor core protein P8 and a rice zinc finger transcription factor

Characterization of interaction between southern rice black-...

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中国植物病理学会2017年学术年会

作者： Li Jing Xue Jin zhang hengmu Yang Jian Li Xie Chen Jianping State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control Key Laboratory of Plant Protection and BiotechnologyMinistry of Agriculture Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Bio-Safety Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University

＜正＞Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus（SRBSDV）（or Rice black-streaked dwarf virus 2,RBSDV-2）is a recently-described member of the genus Fijivirus within the family Reoviridae and causes one of the most serious viral diseases of rice in China and Vietnam.Its virion consists of multiple genomic dsRNA segments and structural proteins,making it an excellent model for complex macromolecular inter-

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A Kind of Plant Small Molecular Chaperones Enhance the Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

A Kind of Plant Small Molecular Chaperones Enhance the Toler...

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中国植物病理学会2019年学术年会

作者： Guo Liuming Li Jing He Jing Liu Han Yuan Zhengjie zhang hengmu Institute of Virology and Biotechnology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Chemistry and Life Science Zhejiang Normal University

Small heat shock proteins（sHSPs） have thought to function as chaperones,protecting their targets from denaturation and aggregation when organisms are subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses（Haslbeck et al.,2019）.In our previous study,a sHSP from Oryza sativa（OsHSP20） and its homolog（NbHSP20） from N.benthamiana were cloned and found to self-interact and forms granules within the cytoplasm.Interestingly,they could interact in vitro and vivo with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase（RdRp） of Rice stripe virus（RSV）,which causes a severe disease of rice in Eastern Asia.Further analysis showed that RSV infection could alter the expression pattern or sub-cellular distribution of HSP20 s by their hetero-interaction in protoplasts of rice and epidermal cells of N.benthamiana（Li et al.,2015）.However,their functions remain largely unclear.To deep insight into their roles,here we investigated their expression pattern,molecular chaperone activity,and effects on tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses in E.coli（a prokaryote）,yeast,and plants（eukaryotes） overexpressing the HSP20 s.Their expressions were significantly up-regulated by viral infection,heat shock and high salinity.The purified recombinant proteins were shown to inhibit the thermal aggregation of the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase（MDH） enzyme in vitro,suggesting their molecular chaperone activity.Heterologous expression of HSP20 in Escherichia coli or Pichia postoris cells enhanced heat and salt stress tolerance compared with the control cultures.Transgenic plants had longer roots and higher germination rates than those of control plants when exposed to heat and salt treatments,consistently supporting the viewpoint that HSP20 s confer heat and salt tolerance by its molecular chaperone activity in different organisms.On the other hand,the transgenic plants were artificially inoculated with Tomato mosaic virus（ToMV）,Turnip Mosaic Virus（TuMV） and RSV,and were found to delay the symptom development,indicating that HSP20 s may positively regulate the defens

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Interaction between a Furoviral Replicase and Host HSP70 Promotes the Furoviral RNA Replication

Interaction between a Furoviral Replicase and Host HSP70 Pro...

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中国植物病理学会2017年学术年会

作者： Yang Jian zhang Fen Cai Nianjun Wu Ne Chen Xuan Li Jing Chen Jianping zhang hengmu State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for ZhejiangSustainable Pest and Disease Control Key Laboratory of Plant Protection and BiotechnologyMinistry of Agriculture Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

RNA viruses are ubiquitous biotic stresses on both unicellular and multicellular organisms and include many important pathogens of humans,domestic and farm animals and of crops.Their successful infection and symptom development depends on complex molecular interactions between viral and host factors.In recent years,many host factors have been identified that interact with viral genes and are involved in viral infection cycles and symptom expression.Among these,heat shock proteins（HSPs）,highly conserved and ubiquitous cytoprotective proteins,often play crucial roles in important processes,including replication,virion assembly,and intracellular movement.However,although furoviruses cause important diseases of cereals worldwide,no host factors have yet been identified that interact with furoviral genes or participate in the viral infection cycle.Chinese wheat mosaic virus（CWMV） is a member of the genus Furovirus,family Virgaviridae,and causes a damaging disease of cereal plants in China.Recently,its infective full-length cDNA clones have been developed.In this study,both TaHSP70 and NbHSP70 were up-regulated in plantsagro-infiltrated with its infectious cDNA clones.Their overexpression and inhibition were correlated with the accumulation of viral genomic RNAs,suggesting that the HSP70 genes could be necessary for CWMV infection.The subcellular distributions of TaHSP70 and NbHSP70 were significantly affected by CWMV infection or by infiltration of RNA1 alone.Further assays showed that the viral replicase encoded by CWMV RNA1 interacts with both TaHSP70 and NbHSP70 in vivo and vitro and that its region aa167-333 was responsible for the interaction.Subcellular assays showed that the viral replicase could recruit both TaHSP70 and NbHSP70 from the cytoplasm or nucleus to the granular aggregations or inclusion-like structures on the intracellular membrane system,suggesting that both HSP70 s may be recruited into the viral replication complex（VRC）to promote furoviral replication.This is the first host factor identified to

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Chinese wheat mosaic virus-induced gene silencing at low temperature in plant

Chinese wheat mosaic virus-induced gene silencing at low tem...

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中国植物病理学会2019年学术年会

作者： Yang Jian zhang Tianye Liao Qiansheng Peng Qiqi He Long Li Jing Chen Jianping zhang hengmu Institute of Virology and Biotechnology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Virology Ningbo University College of Life Science Zhejiang SCI-Tech University

Virus induced gene silencing（VIGS） is an important tool for functional genomics,especially for those organisms where genetic transformation is difficult.With this method,it is possible to target most endogenous genes and downregulate the messenger RNA（mRNA） in a sequence-specific manner.Low temperature is a key environmental factor for plant growth and development.However,there has been no effective VIGS vector demonstrated for gene silencing at low temperature.Chinese wheat mosaic virus（CWMV）,a member of the genusFurovirus,family Virgaviridae,naturally infects cereal plants,in which infected cells produced numerous virus-derived interference RNAs（Yang et al.2014;Guo et al.,2019）,suggesting that CWMV could induce active RNA silencing in infected plants at low temperature.In our latest study,its infectious full-length cDNA clones were developed,which provided us a key platform for its reverse genetics（Yang et al.2016）.To assess its potential for gene silencing at low temperature,a fragment of the N.benthamiana or wheat phytoene desaturase（PDS） gene was expressed from a modified CWMV RNA2 clone.Photobleaching phenotype and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR） assays consistently showed that the CWMV vector was effective in the down-regulating endogenous PDS in the N.benthamiana and wheat plants.In experiments using fragments of PDS ranging from 500 to 1 500 nucleotides,insert length influenced the stability and the efficiency of VIGS.The silencing system was also used to suppress miR165/166 and miR3134 a through expression of short tandem miRNA-target mimics（STTM）.The relative expression levels of mature miR165/166 and miR3134 a decreased whereas the transcript levels of their target genes increased.When compared with those of Barley stripe mosaic virus（BSMV） or Foxtail mosaic virus（FoMV）-based vectors in wheat or Tobacco rattle virus（TRV）-based vector,the CWMV induced silencing system appeared to be much more efficient at low temperature.These results suggested that the CWMV vector

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Endoplasmic reticulum remodeling induced by Wheat yellow mosaic virus in wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）

Endoplasmic reticulum remodeling induced by Wheat yellow mos...

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中国植物病理学会2019年学术年会

作者： Xie Li Song Xijiao Liao Zhenfeng Lv Mingfang Wu Bin Yang Jian Hong Jian zhang hengmu Institute of Virology and Biotechnology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang University Institute of Plant Protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Viralinfection usually induces remodeling of host cellular membranes and organelles,especially endoplasmic reticulum（ER） for generating membrane packed viral factory,in which viruses replicate and transcribe its hereditary nucleic acids,translate into proteins,and then assemble proteins and nucleic acids into virion.During the infection of bymoviruses,a kind of membranous bodies（MBs）are generated in host cells,which have thought to be as ER aggregates（Hibino et al.,1981）.So far,studies on bymovirus-induced MBs usually focused on their viral components（Schenk et al.,1993;Sun et al.,2014）,but less on its membrane origination and structure.In this study,MBs induced by Wheat yellow mosaic virus（WYMV） were intensively investigated with several transmission electron microscopy（TEM）-based methods,including cytological observation,component analysis by immunogold labeling and structural analysis by electron tomography（ET）.WYMV infection induced at least two morphologies of MB,including the lamella dominated morphology（lamella-MB） looked like sprawling cirrus,and the tubule dominated morphology（tubule-MB） looked like latticed network.MBs were verified composing of ER as revealed by immuno-gold labeling by antibody against endoplasmic reticulum（ER） retention signal as well as by detailed observation of MB construction modules as double layer membrane.By immuno-gold labeling,both two MB morphologies（lamella-MB and tubule-MB） had same components in viral derived protein and membrane origination（from ER）.Structural analysis by ET reconstruction revealed the organization of ER in MBs.Lamella-MBs were composed of cesER like structures arranged irregularly whereas tubule-MBs were composed of tubER like structures arranged regularly.This study provided insights into the structural details in how Bymovirus utilizing host membrane system.

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Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus（RBSDV） P5-1 Facilitates Viral Infection by Regulating the Ubiquitination Activity of SCF E3 Ligases and Jasmonate Signaling in Rice Plant

Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus（RBSDV） P5-1 Facilitates Vi...

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中国植物病理学会2019年学术年会

作者： He Long Chen Xuan Yang Jin zhang Tianye Li Juan Li Jing Zhong Kaili Chen Jianping Yang Jian zhang hengmu Institute of Virology and Biotechnology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Virology Ningbo University College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University

Rice black-streaked dwarf virus（RBSDV）,a member of genus Fijivirus,family Reoviridae,causes severe losses to rice,maize and other cereal productions in East Asia.It contains ten dsRNA segments,most of which encode a single protein while the S5,S7 and S9 segments encode two proteins each（zhang et al.,2001）.Its S5 segment is a bicistronic RNA and encodes two proteins（P5-1 and P5-2）（Yang et al.,2014）,in which P5-1 has been thought to be a component of viroplasm（Xie et al.,2017）.However,the role of P5-1 during viral infection largely remains unknown.SCF（for Skpl/Cullinl/F-box） complexes are key regulators of many cellular processes,including immune responses in plant（Cheng et al.,2011）,and sometimes become hijacked by viral pathogens（Lozano-Duran et al.,2011）.The underlying mechanism is poorly understood.In this study,RBSDV P5-1 protein were found to specifically interact in vivo and in vitro with rice OsCSN5 A protein,a subunit of the COP9 signalosome（CSN） complex.Over-expression of P5-1 in rice cells did not inhibit the expression of jasmonate（JA） biosynthesis-associated genes but down-regulated the expression of JA responsive genes.Application of JA to the WT rice reduced its susceptibility to RBSDV infection.When JA was applied to the P5-1 transgenic plants,the RBSDV disease incidence was not changed compared with the mock plants.In P5-1-transgenic plants,the derubylation activity of the CSN complex on CUL1 can be specifically inhibited,leading to the alteration of SCF-mediated E3 ubiquitination.Knocking OsCSN5 A or OsCUL1 down also significantly enhanced the susceptibility of rice plants to RBSDV.Based on above results,we proposed a working model,in which P5-1 inhibited the ubiquitination activity of SCF E3 ligases through interaction with OsCSN5 A and then hindered the rubylation \\derubylation of CUL1,leading to repression of JA response pathway and thus promoting the viral infection on rice plants.

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Road map for, and technical challenges of, carbon-nanotube integrated circuit technology

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 14-16页

作者： Jia Si Panpan zhang Zhiyong zhang Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics School of Electronics Peking University State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

The past decade has witnessed an explosion of research on carbon-nanotube(CNT) electronics due to their outstanding properties, including an ultrathin body, a high carrier mobility and a high saturation velocity.

关键词： TRANSISTORS

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New structure transistors for advanced technology node CMOS ICs

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 24-41页

作者： Qingzhu zhang Yongkui zhang Yanna Luo Huaxiang Yin Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMECAS) State key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Over recent decades, advancements in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuits(ICs)have mainly relied on structural innovations in transistors. From planar transistors to the fin field-effect transistor(FinFET) and gate-all-around FET(GAAFET), more gate electrodes have been added to three-dimensional(3D) channels with enhanced control and carrier conductance to provide higher electrostatic integrity and higher operating currents within the same device footprint. Beyond the 1-nm node, Moore's law scaling is no longer expected to be applicable to geometrical shrinkage. Vertical transistor stacking, e.g. in complementary FETs(CFET), 3D stack(3DS) FETs and vertical-channel transistors(VFET), for enhanced density and variable circuit or system design represents a revolutionary scaling approach for sustained IC development. Herein, innovative works on specific structures, key process breakthroughs, shrinking cell sizes and design methodologies for transistor structure research and development are reviewed. Perspectives on future innovations in advanced transistors with new channel materials and operating theories are also discussed.

关键词： transistor CMOS GAAFET CFET 3DS FET

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